20100519-阅读理解专题主旨大意题

1、阅读理解专题 主旨大意题考查内容主旨大意题旨在考查学生对全文或某一段落整体把握的能力，即对整个语篇、段落的抽象概括能力。主旨大意题通常包括全文大意题、段落大意题和标题选择题三种形式。既可以是文章或某一段的中心， 也可以是文章或某一段的写作目的。闯关秘诀1. 主旨句的几种形式：段首；段中；段末；以首尾呼应的形式出现在段首和段末；没有明确的主旨，需归纳。不同体裁的文章，其表达中心思想的方式也不尽相同。新闻报道往往用第一句来概括全篇内容，然后再详细叙述，因此，新闻报道的首句即是其中心内容；叙事性的文章往往没有主题句，需弄清文章的线索脉络，读懂故事的结局，才能体会作者的用意，进而概括出文章所表达的中心

2、思想。2. 主旨题的解题技巧：（1）有些文章在段首（演绎法）、段尾（归纳法）便已展示出文章的主旨。（2）也有些文章其中心思想贯穿于全文，需自己去总结、归纳。因此，为了节约答题时间，建议最后做此类题目。因为做完了其他题目后，自然而然地对主旨也就有了一定的了解。（3）留心关键词语，抓住文章要旨，所谓关键词语，即文章中反复出现的、与主题有关的诸如名词、动词、形容词等。冠词和介词等功能词均不在关键词之列。需要注意的是，为了避免同一词语的过多重复，文章有时会使用这个词的同义词、近义词或代词指代。温馨提示1. 段落中出现转折时，该句很有可能是主题句。2. 作者有意识反复重复的观点，通常是主题句。3. 首段

3、出现疑问句时，对该问题的解答就是文章的主旨。4. 提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示: therefore, thus, but, however, in short等。答题步骤1. 先看问题，看是否有和主旨相关的题目，了解题型类别和提问方式。2. 然后看文章首尾和各段开头，找出主题句或通过浏览全文，抓住关键词，把握主旨。3. 以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者的语气或意图等其他深层次问题。4. 串联主题细节，推断文章中心思想。记叙文的中心思想多隐藏在具体的细节中，作者通过众多的细节事实对一个中心点进行论述。因此，我们必须串联主要细节，从中归纳文章的中心思想。AIt is reported that

4、many middle school students are just not getting enough sleep, especially during the school week. The problem seems to get worse as they get older. Year 7 students sleep 8.4 hours in a school night, and Year 9 students only 6.9 hours.Its also reported that not getting enough sleep can cause problems

5、 in a students life.Many students fall asleep in school or while doing their homework, so it is not surprising that they get lower grades than those who get enough sleep. Scientists suggest nine hours a night for middle school students.Of the students who feel unhappy and nervous, 73%dont get enough

6、 sleep at night.Why arent students getting enough sleep? Many students have one of the following things, like telephone, television, or computer, in their bedrooms. Using them on a school night not only takes their time away from homework, but also makes it difficult for them to fall asleep. As a re

7、sult, many students cant fall asleep before 11 p.m., yet they must get up early to go to school.Scientists also suggest students should not do exciting activities for an hour before bedtime.题目: What might be the best title for the passage?A. Early to Bed, Early to RiseB. Students Life at SchoolB. St

8、udents Dont Sleep EnoughD. How to Get Enough Sleep题型特点: BIt was just three degrees above zero. “Thats cold,” thought Jane as she got ready to deliver (送) her morning papers. Jane had 50 customers, and on cold mornings when she couldnt ride her bicycle, it took her more than an hour to make her round

9、s, As she collected her papers and put them into a big canvas bag, Jane regretted that she hadnt finished her math homework the night before. There was still time. Shed hurry with the papers and finish the math before breakfast.Less than an hour later Jane was nearly finished. She had only five cust

10、omers to go. She could then head for home to complete her math while her mom fixed breakfast. As she rounded the corner, she saw a car in the middle of the street. It was Mr. Zimmerman, the elderly man who walked with a walking stick. His car was out of gas (汽油).“Id like to help Mr. Zimmerman,” thou

11、ght Jane, “but if I do, I wont have time to do my homework.” She hated to think what Mr. Robert would say if she hadnt completed her papers.“Its his own fault for running out of gas,” Jane talked to herself. “The station is only a half mile down the street. Surely Mr. Zimmerman can walk that far, ev

12、en on a cold morning like thiscant he?” As she walked down the street, Jane wondered what to do.题目: The best title for this reading should be . A. Fifty CustomersB. Theres No Easy AnswerC. No Time to Finish Homework D. A Cold Morning for Jane题型特点: CIt is a very common thing for a person to have a go

13、od friend. My good friend is Diana. She is a rich and proud girl. She often thinks that she is too good for anyone, so nobody wants to be her friend.One day after school, I was waiting for Diana when Vivien came up to me. She gave me a biscuit. I accepted it. We talked and joked, and from then on, I

14、 began to spend more time with Vivien than with Diana. I felt a little uneasy.After a few days, I went to see Diana for some snacks when Vivien came and sat with me. She offered me a sandwich. She also offered one to Diana, but Diana refused it. She walked away. I was angry with Diana for being so r

15、ude and thoughtless.“Never mind,” Vivien said. “Im used to it.”After school, I tried to catch up with Diana. While walking home, I tried to correct her attitude, but she would not listen to me. She said, “Go and join your dear Vivien. I know you make new friends and forget the old one.”For the next

16、few weeks, we did not talk to each other. Then, one day, Diana came to Vivien and me, saying, “Im really sorry about what I did. Im a spoiled (宠坏的) girl, but I also need good friends just like you. Would you please forgive (原谅) me?” Vivien and I looked at each other and smiled. From then on, Diana,

17、Vivien and I have been best friends.题目: The reading is mainly about .A. the mistake among the three friends.B. two best friends at a schoolC. three friends at a school D. the trouble between Diana and Vivien题型特点: DOne day an American called Simon went to London to visit his friend, Rick. Rick told h

18、im that his flat was on the first floor. When he arrived, Simon went straight to the first floor of the building. But he was told that there was no Rick on that floor. Do you know why?In fact, the British call the first floor of a building the ground floor. The floor above the ground floor is the fi

19、rst floor, which Americas would call the second floor.The story shows that there are a few culture differences between Britain and America, though the British and Americans both speak English.The British usually hide their feelings. They seldom start a conversation with strangers. For example, on th

20、e train the British often spend their time reading newspapers or books. But Americans are quite different. Theyre more active and easier to talk with.The British and Americans may use different terms for many things. The British usually use football, eraser and mail while Americans prefer to use soc

21、cer rubber and post. 题目: Whats the best title for the passage?A. Differences in cultureB. Simons funny storyC. Information abroad D. Hiding the feelings题型特点: 小试牛刀AShe is a cute, quiet girl. As a daughter, she has no secrets from her mother, who is very pleased with her. But these days she has become

22、 not so open as before. She has a diary (日记薄) that she keeps under lock and key. Her mother cannot help worrying about her. “What will I do if she falls in love, which is too early of her age? After all she is reaching the dangerous time.” These thoughts have caused trouble in the mothers mind.One w

23、eekend the girl came to tell her mother that she was going to the cinema with her schoolmate and would return late. This was the first time her mother agreed, and she couldnt help worrying because her daughter had never been away at night before. The mother waited till nine. She decided to go out to

24、 meet her daughter, Just at that time, she heard the noise of a car parking. She went to the window and saw her daughter waving goodbye to a boy. Her heart missed a beat. When the girl came in, the mother was watching TV, just like nothing had happened. “Mum, Im back.” “Yeah.” “Sorry to be late. Sti

25、ll sitting up?” “Yes. Oh, thatWhos that boy?” The daughter got a surprise. “AhIts my monitor. He gave me a lift on his way home. Mum, Im going to bed.” “All right. Go to sleep early.”Next morning when the mother went to the daughters room to do some cleaning, she found her diary left on the bed. Aft

26、er a few minutes thinking, she at last opened it to the page of the night before. It reads: Mum, its love that made you ask, but it would show your understanding of me if you hadnt.题目: The best title for this story can be .A. To Ask or Not to Ask B. Early LoveC. Daughters SecretD. Dangerous AgeBFarm

27、er John and Farmer Bob were neighbors. For more than 30 years, they had been getting along very well.Then their good relationship broke. It began with a small thing, then bitter words, and then weeks of silence. One morning Farmer John woke up to find a stream between the two farms. “It must be Bob,

28、” John thought.Then one day there was a knock on Johns door. He opened it to find a carpenter (木匠) standing at the doorway.“Im looking for a few days work,” the carpenter said.“I do have a job for you,” John said. “Look across the stream at that farm. Thats my neighbor Bob. He dug a stream between t

29、he two farms. I want you to build a fencean 8-foot fence. I dont want to see his place or his face any more. I dont have such a neighbor!”The carpenter said, “I think I know what to do, sir, and Ill be able to do a job that pleases you.”Farmer John helped the carpenter get the materials (材料) ready a

30、nd then he was off for the day.About sunset when the farmer returned, the carpenter had just finished his job. The farmers eyes opened wide. There was no fence at all!It was a bridge! And the neighbor, Bob, was coming across, with his hand outstretched (伸出). “Hi！ John! Youre quite a fellow to build

31、this bridge!Then they met in the middle, taking each others hands. “Im terribly sorry for what I have said and hone. We should be good to each other,” said Farmer Bob.Then they turned to see the carpenter, who was ready to go. “No, wait! Stay a few days. I have a lot of other jobs for you,” said Far

32、mer John. “Id love to stay,” the carpenter said, “but I have more bridges to build.”题目: What is the best title for the passage?A. What a Big Fence!B. A Strong BridgeC. Three Kind Men D. A Fence or a Bridge?COne day, a farmer was walking along a road with his son Thomas. The father said, “Look! There

33、s a horseshoe. Pick it up and put it in your bag. Thomas said, “it isnt worth the trouble.” His father said nothing but he picked it up himself. When they got to a nearby town, they had a rest. There the farmer sold the horseshoe and with the few pennies he bought some cherries(樱桃).The father and the son continued thei