初中英语名词讲解与练习(共20页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 (二）名词I. 名词的种类：专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词II. 名词的数：1. 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-l

2、eaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives加-sbelief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以辅音字母加-o结尾的

3、名词有生命的加-eshero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes无生命的加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,9以ce, se, ze, ge等结尾的名词加-scase，oranges2.

4、不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2单复数相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, 3只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, staff5部分

5、集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)7表示“某国

6、人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数women sing

7、ers, men servantsIII. 名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。1. s所有格的构成：单数名词在末尾加sthe boys father, Jacks book, her son-in-laws photo,复数名词一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins mother, 不规则复数名词后加sthe childrens toys, womens rights, 以s结尾的人名所有格加s或者Dickens novels,

8、 Charless job, the Smiths house表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加sJapans and Americas problems, Janes and Marys bikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加sJapan and Americas problems, Jane and Marys father表示某人家店铺，所有格后名词省略the doctors, the barbers, the tailors, my uncles2. s所有格的用法：表示时间todays newspaper, five weeks holiday 2表示自然现象the ear

9、ths atmosphere, the trees branches3表示国家城市等地方的名词the countrys plan, the worlds population, Chinas industry4表示工作群体the ships crew, majoritys view, the teams victory5表示度量衡及价值a miles journey, five dollars worth of apples6与人类活动有特殊关系的名词the lifes time, the plays plot7某些固定词组a birds eye view, a stones throw, a

10、t ones wits end(不知所措)3. of所有格的用法：用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed注：不同国籍人的单复数 国籍 总称（谓语用复数） 单数 复数 中国人 theChinese, aChinese, twoChinese 瑞士人 theSwiss, aSwiss, twoSwiss 澳大利亚人theAustralian

11、s, anAustralian, twoAustralians 俄国人 theRussians, aRussian, twoRussians意大利人 theItalians, anItalian, twoItalians 希腊人 theGreek, aGreek, twoGreeks 法国人 theFrench, aFrenchman, twoFrenchmen 日本人 theJapanese, aJapanese, twoJapanese 美国人 theAmericans, anAmerican, twoAmericans 印度人 theIndians, anIndian, twoIndia

12、ns 加拿大人 theCanadians, aCanadian, twoCanadians 德国人 theGermans, aGerman, twoGermans 英国人 theEnglish, anEnglishman, twoEnglishmen 瑞典人 theSwedish, aSwede, twoSwedes4.特殊的复数形式:1）集体名词：集体名词不能运用具体的数字修饰，下面的集体名词，不能用a，one，two等修饰， 只能在其前加the表示“全体”。the police警察(指全体警察) the English英国人(指全体英国人)the French法国人(指全体法国人) 2）复

13、合名词a woman teacherwomen teachers女教师 an EnglishmanEnglishmen英国男子a grown-upgrown-ups成人 a brother-in-lawbrothers-in-law内兄、内弟、小叔、大伯5.不可数名词 专有名词：NBA全美篮球协会 Michael Jackson 迈克杰克逊 the West Lake西湖物质名词：液体：milk water tea coffee juice oil(油)肉类：beef chicken mutton pork天气：weather rain snow wind light 光其他：news(新闻，

14、消息) bread(面包)抽象名词：fun love luck duty kindness善良happiness幸福progress进步【注意】有些不可数的物质名词有复数形式，但表达不同意义。tea different kinds of teas 不同种类的茶food 食品 all kinds of foods 各种各样的食品fruit 水果 all kinds of fruits 各种各样的水果glass 玻璃 a glass 一个玻璃杯 glasses 眼镜、玻璃杯 名词练习1. The _ of the room were covered with _. A. roofs, leafs

15、B. roofs, leaves C. rooves, leafs D. rooves, leaves2. There are three _ in our factory. A. woman doctors B. women doctors C. woman doctor D. women doctor3. Which do you prefer _ or _? A. potatos, tomatos B. potatos, tomatoes C. potatoes, tomatos D. potatoes, tomatoes4. They are _ of different presse

16、s(出版社). Now they are having a meeting in one of the _ office. A. editor-in-chiefs, editors-in-chiefs B. editors-in-chief, editor-in-chiefs C. editors-in-chiefs, editors-in-chiefs D. editors-in-chief, editors-in-chiefs5. The ant has two _. A. stomaches B. stomacks C. stomach D. stomachs6. He doesnt l

17、ike _ for supper. A. chick B. chicken C. chickens D. chicks7. It was _ hot weather that many of us went swimming. A. so B. such C. so as D. such a8. _ wonderful space they saw on the room! A. How B. How a C. What D. What a9. We know _ travels not so fast as light. A. sound B. sounds C. the sounds D.

18、 a sound10. My family raise a lot of _, including two _. A. cattle, cows B. cows, cattle C. cattles, cows D. cow, cattles11. A number of soldiers _ at he camp gate（军营门口）. A. have gathered B. has gathered C. is D. was12. The Browns have spent a large _ of money on their new car. A. deal B. amount C.

19、number D. size13. _ work has been done to improve the peoples living standard. A. Many B. A great many C. A great deal of D. A number of14. Mr Li shook _ warmly with a friend. A. hand B. a hand C. hands D. the hands15. Two _, please. A. coffee B. coffees C. cup of coffee D. cups coffee16. I cant pay

20、 as _ as he asked for. A. high price a B. high price C. a high price D. high a price17. _ knowledge of space develops rapidly. A. Mans B. Mens C. Mens D. Persons18.I stayed at _. A. Xiao Wangs B. Wangs home C. the Wangs D. home of Wang19. Sister Carrie works in a _ factory. A. shoes B. shoses C. sho

21、e D. shoes20. Have you ever read _? A. today newspaper B. newspaper today C. newspaper of today D. todays newspaper21. Two _ walk didnt made me tired. A. hour B. hours C. hours D. hours22. The mother over there is _ mother. A. Julia and Mary B. Julia and Marys C. Julias and Marys D. Julias and Mary2

22、3. Li Mings handwriting is better than _ in the class. A. anyones B. anyone else C. anyones elses D. anyone elses24. The children are playing _ on the _. A. sand, sand B. sands, sands C. sand, sands D. sands, sand25. If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller _. A. set B. one C. copy D. pair26. To

23、m usually takes a _ in bus on rainy days. A. walk B. ride C. trip D. travel27. We have no _ about where she has gone. A. information B. news C. message D. flash28. Food and _ are daily necessities（需要）for the people. A. cloth B. clothe C. clothes D. clothing29. My _ of hearing is not so good as it us

24、ed to be. A. strength B. sense C. power D. skill30. The _ caused by carelessness _ yesterday. Many workers were killed. A. incident, was happened B. matter, happened C. event, was taken place D. accident, took place31. The room was so quiet that she could hear the _ of her heart. A. beating B. ways

25、C. knocking D. striking32. _ has been told not to throw waste things anywhere. A. The public B. People C. Women D. Man33. He was an _ in the government _. A. office, official B. official, office C. officer, office D. official, officer34. There are several _ in this novel who are different in _. A. c

26、haracter, character B. characters, characters C. character, characters D. characters, character35. We visited him _ when he was in hospital. A. every other days B. each other day C. every other day D. every two day36. My friend will return in _. A. one day or two B. a day or two C. one day or two D.

27、 a or two days37. _ is always difficult for me. A. Translation B. Translate C. The translation D. A translation38. _ of this novel is excellent, quite to my surprise. A. Translation B. Translate C. The translation D. A translation39. The police _ looking into the matter now. A. be B. is C. are D. ar

28、e going to40. The Chinese are _ brave and hard working people. A. the B. a C. / D. one41. No news _ good news. A. is B. are C. have D. has42. Maths still _ very difficult for me, though I have done my best. A. looks B. seems C. is D. are43. “Where _ my trousers?” the boy asked. A. is B. was C. were

29、D. are44. How happy they are! Obviously, they are _. A. in nice spirits B. in nice spirit C. in high spirits D. in high spirit45. I saw many _ seated in the corner reading something. A. Japanese B. Japaneses C. of Japanese D. of Japaneses46. Father went to his doctor for _ about his heart trouble. A

30、. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices47. We are _ and they are _. A. Englishmen, Germans B. Englishmen, German C. Englishmans, Germans D. Englishmen, Germen48. _ are made of _. A. A glass, a glass B. Glasses, glass C. The glass, the glass D. Glasses, glasses49. Ill have to buy _ trousers.

31、A. a B. two C. a pair of D. a couple of50. There are two _ in our class. A. Liu B. Lius C. Lius D. Lius51. _ is needed in cold countries. A. A lot of clothes B. Much clothing C. Many a cloth D. Lots of clothes52. They are _. A. mathematics student B. mathematic students C. students in mathematics D.

32、 mathematics students53. The laboratory assistant recorded the _ reactions（反应）. A. mouses B. mice C. mices D. mices54. This letter was sent by _.A. my father friend B. my father friends C. a friend of my fathers D. a friend of my father55. Ten years had passed. I found she had _. A. a little white h

33、air B. some white hair C. a few white hair D. a few white hairs56. I have made _ with Billy. A. friends B. friend C. a friend D. the friend57. The population of Beijing is _ than that of Xian. A. more B. larger C. fewer D. small58. There are thirty-two _ in our school. A. woman teacher B. women teac

34、her C. women teachers D. woman teachers59. He had tried everything but it made little_ .A. use B. good C. difference D. result60. You must get there within half an hour. There should be no_ in sending the blood to the dying man.A. wait B. delay C. time D. hurry61. Enough of it! Nobody here thinks wh

35、at you are saying should make any_ .A. excuse B. sense C. use D. value62. -How dare you play on such thin ice? -Playing on ice is not my _of spare time.A. idea B. thought C. mind D. intention63. Helen said she would like to go to Atlanta by air, but I wonder if she has enough money to pay for the_ .

36、A. travel B. tourism C. journey D. course64. One splendid mountain_ followed another during our journey from Mieheel more to Rurunz.A. view B. glance C. screen D. scene65.The new law will come into _on the day it is passed. (1999上海)A. effect B. use C. service D. existence66. When you play football,

37、what _do you play?A. situation B. place C. part D. position67. Its important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to the_in language studies.A. situation B. expression C. condition D. translation68. I wrote him a letter to show my _of his thoughtfulness.A. achievement B. agreement C. view D

38、. appreciation名词答案：15 BBDDD 610 BBCAA 1115 ABCCB 1620 DAACD 2125 DBDCD 2630 BADBD 3135 AABDC 3640 BACCB 4145 ABDCA 4650 BABCB 5155 BDDCD 5660 ABCCB6165 BACAA 6670 DAD (三）冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。I. 不定冠词的用法：1指一类人或事，相当于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting fo

39、r you.3表示“每一”相当于every，oneWe study eight hours a day.4表示“相同”相当于the sameWe are nearly of an age.5用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were outThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.6用于固定词组中A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用于quite, rather, m

40、any, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.8用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.II. 定冠词的用法：1表示某一类人或物The horse is a useful animal.2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door? 4用于乐器前面play the

41、 violin, play the guitar5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”the Greens, the Wangs7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the taller of the two children.8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French9用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented in China.10在逢十的复

42、数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代in the 1990s11用于表示单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.12用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示时间的词组前He patted me on the shoulder.III. 零冠词的用法：1专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air2名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?3季

43、节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前Lincoln was made President of America.5学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前He likes playing football/chess.6与by连用表示交通工具的名词前by train, by air, by land7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8 表示泛指的复数名词前Horses are useful animals.练习题填

44、空There is _picture of _ elephant on _ wall 2This is _ useful bookIve read it for _hour 3 _elephant is much heavier than _ horse 4 _doctor told him to take _ medicine three times _day 5Lets go out for _ walk 6Its too hotOpen _ door，please 7There is _ woman over there _woman is Meimeis mother 8 _sun rises in _ east 9 _Changjiang River is _ longest river in _ China 10Are you going to do it _ second time？ 11Washington is _ capital of _ USA 12 _Turners are living at the end of _Turner Street 13He joined the army in _ spring of _1995 14 _old man is _teacherHe likes playing _basketball after