分类词汇-地理

1、physical geography自然地理economic geography经济地理geopolitics地理政治论ethnography民族志cosmography宇宙志cosmology宇宙论geology地理学toponymy地名学oceanography海洋学meteorology气象学orography山志学hydroaraphy水文学vegetation植被relief地形,地貌climate气候Earth地球 ,大地Universe, cosmos宇宙world世界globe地球仪earth, globe地壳continent大陆terra firma陆地coast海岸arc

2、hipelago群岛peninsula半岛island岛plain平原valley谷地meadow（小）草原prairie（大）草原lake湖泊pond池塘marsh, bog, swamp沼泽small lake小湖lagoon泻湖moor, moorland荒原desert沙漠dune沙丘oasis绿洲savanna, savannah（南美）大草原virgin forest原始森林steppe大草原tundra冻原map地图map of the world世界地图planisphere平面球形图wall map, skeleton map挂图skeleton map示意图map, pla

3、n, chart平面图atlas地图集chart海图cadastre地籍簿scale比例尺topography测绘学photogrammetry摄影测量学cardinal points基本方位compass rose罗盘meridian子午线 ,经线parallel纬线longitude经度latitude纬度equator赤道Tropic of Cancer北回归线Tropic of Capricorn南回归线equinoctial line二分线North pole北极South pole南极polar circle极圈northern北的southern南的glacial zone寒带t

4、emperate zone温带torrid zone热带zenith天顶height above sea level海拔高度sea海high seas, open sea远海ocean大洋inlet小湾bay海湾,湾gulf海湾cove湾cape海角promontory, headland海角,岬cliff悬崖峭壁port, harbour港（美作:harbor）bay, roadstead碇泊处sandbank沙滩beach, shore海滩strait海峡isthmus地峡reef礁石key暗礁sandbar沙洲tide潮wave浪undertow回头浪tempest风暴ground sw

5、ell涌浪seaquake海震,海啸low water最低水位territorial waters领海,领水ice floe冰川iceberg冰山shore海岸bank河岸estuary湖港区delta三角洲mouth, ria河口flord峡湾current, watercourse水流小溪stream, brooktorrent湍流山溪rapids急流source源头springbed河床flood洪水flow泛滥swelling, freshet河水猛涨 ,涨水basin流域waterfall, falls, cascade瀑布cataract大瀑布tributary支流confluent汇合点meander河曲canal运河wadi, wady干谷mountain range, mountain chain山脉knot山脉的交结点mountain, mountmassif山丘mountain crest陡峭的山峰summit, top, crest山顶,峰peak山顶,巅mountain pass, col山口highest peak高山spur, ridge山嘴slope, side山坡volcano火山lava熔岩active volcano活火山ravine, canyon山谷narrow pass羊肠小道gorge峡谷c