专题05Unit4Naturaldisasters知识讲学原卷版

1、人教版英语新教材必修第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters 知识讲学(原卷版)1. rescue n & vt 援救；营救(教材 P48)What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood- hit area? 救援人员和士兵正在洪水灾害地区做什么？come to/go to sb. ' s rescue rescue sb.援救某人rescue. from .即学即练把从营救出来 When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers came to o

2、ur 当我们被困在废墟中时，士兵们赶来救援。 At midnight we finally (rescue) the tourists who were trapped in the valley 午夜时，我们终于救出了被困在山谷中的游客。 The firefighters rescued five childrenthe burning house yesterday昨天，消防人员把 5 个孩子从失火的房子中解救出来。2. damage vt.损害；破坏 n 损坏；损失(教材 P48)Which buildings were damaged in Seoul? 首尔哪些建筑被毁？cause

3、damage to.(1)do damage to.对 造成损害(2)damage one' s health即学即练损害某人的健康 This could cause serious to our environment 这可能会对我们的环境造成严重的破坏。 As we all know, smoking can . (damage n.)=It is well known that smoking can . (damage vt.) 众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。3. affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动(佳句背诵 )As far as I 'm concer

4、ned, following others' advice without thinking will affect our own decision在我看来，不假思索地接受他人的意见将影响我们自己的决定。(1)affect sb . /sth.影响某人 /某事be deeply affected by被深深打动(2)effect n.作用；影响have an effect on对 产生影响即学即练 The disease is beginning to his eyesight 疾病开始侵袭他的视力。 As far as I 'm concerned, staying up

5、late every day is certain_(affect) your health seriously 就我而言，每天熬夜一定会严重影响你的健康。 (affect) by the moving story, he burst into tears 受这个感人故事的影响，他哭了起来。 As we all know, smoking has a bad our health 众所周知，吸烟对我们的健康有不好的影响。4. ruin n.废墟；毁灭 vt.毁灭；使破产（教材 P50）In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins 不到一分

6、钟，一座大城市就成了废墟。(1) be/lie in ruinsfall into ruins(2) ruin one's hope/chanceruin oneself即学即练成为废墟；毁灭成为废墟；破败不堪 使某人的希望破灭 /机会丢 自我毁灭 The ancient temple has been and needs repairing. 这座古老的庙宇已经破败不堪，需要修理。 Drunk- driving not only ruined (he) but also killed several passers- by. 醉驾不仅毁掉了他自己还导致几位路人死亡。 Heavy sm

7、oking (ruin) your health, so you should give up smoking . 吸烟过量损害健康，因此你应该戒烟。5. shock n .震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt. (使)震惊(教材 P50)People were in shockand then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again.人们都很震惊 然后，那天下午晚些时候，唐山又发生了一次大地震。(1)be a shock to.使吃惊(2)shocked adj.震惊的；惊讶的be shocked at/by对 吃惊

8、be shocked to do sth.做某事很吃惊(3)shocking adj .即学即练令人震惊的 His situation was a great to us all .他的处境使我们大家都大为震惊。 The news (shock) the public, leading to great concern about students' safety at school这个消息使公众震惊，导致了对在校学生安全的担心。 We are(shock) that so many people were injured or died in the earthquake 我们感到震

9、惊的是，如此多的人在地震中伤亡。 The news of his sudden death is so that everyone is very much shocked at it (shock) 他突然死亡的消息如此令人震惊，以至于每个人听到时都感到很震惊。6. trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.险境；陷阱(教材 P50)Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trappedand to bury the dead地震发生后不久，军队派遣

10、了15 万名士兵前往唐山，搜救被困人员并埋葬遇难者。(1)fall into a trap落入圈套(2)be trapped in困在中；陷在中trap sb into (doing) sth 即学即练诱使某人做某事 If you choose this way, you'rlye tloikefall into a 如果你选择这条路，你很有可能会落入圈套。 There was a power failure, they (trap) in the lift . 停电了，他们被困在电梯里。 By clever questioning they trapped him telling t

11、he truth . 他们用巧妙的提问诱使他说了实话。7. bury vt.埋藏；掩埋；隐藏(佳句背诵 )Ever since he moved there, he has been buried in his research work 自从搬到那里以后，他一直专注于研究工作。(1)bury . in .把埋到里bury one 's face in hands双手掩面be buried in(2)埋头于；专心于，沉浸于bury ( oneself) in即学即练 She her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad ne

12、ws 当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。 In the past three weeks, we have been burying (we) in study because the exam is drawing near 在过去的三周里，我们一直专心于学习，因为考试即将到来。 (bury) in his study, he didn 't know that all the others had left=(bury) himself in his study, he didn know that all the others had left .=Because he (bur

13、y) in his study, he didn' t know that all the others.had left他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。8. effort n 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力(教材 P50)With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city ' pesople, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins 在政府的大力支持和市民的不懈努力下，一个新唐山在废墟上建立了。spare no ef

14、fort to do sth 不遗余力做某事make an effort to do sth 努力做某事即学即练 I do believe that all your will pay off sooner or later .我的确相信你的努力迟早会有所回报。 As far as I' m concernyeodu, should make a greater effort (study) hard 依我看来，你应该更加努力学习。 If I am lucky eno ugh to be give n such a good cha nee , I will spare no effo

15、rt (fini sh) the task .如果我足够幸运被给予这样一个好机会，我将不遗余力地完成这项任务。8.suffer vt.遭受；蒙受vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦(教材 P51)What kind of help do you think people who have suffered an earthquake need?(1)suffer from你认为地震灾民需要什么样的帮助？患病；因而受苦忍饥挨冻遭受损失 / 痛苦苦难，痛苦受难者suffer from cold and hunger(2)suffer losses/pains(3) suffering nsuffer

16、er n即学即练 As far as I know, he has ever a serious illness 据我所知，他曾患有严重的疾病。 The company as a result of the accident 由于那次事故，该公司遭受了重大损失。 Even if he a lot of difficulties ， he never gave in尽管饱受许多困难之苦，但他从不屈服。 Death finally brought an end to her (suffer) 死亡最终结束了她的痛苦（遭受 ）。9. supply n 供应（量）；补给；pl.补给品vt 供应；供给（

17、教材 P52）The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country 向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集来的。(1) school/medical supplies学校用品 /医疗用品(2) supply sth to sb为某人提供某物supply sbwith sth 为某人提供某物即学即练 The water has been cut off because the workers are repairing the main pipes 因工人们在修主要管道，

18、水资源供应被切断。 The Internet supplies a lot of information us every day 因特网每天给我们提供很多信息。 There is no need to worry We can supply you_ whatever you need =There is no need to worry . We can supply whatever you need _you . 没有必要担心，我们可以提供任何你需要的东西。10. survivevivt 幸存；艰难度过(教材 P52)She 她在喂在地震中幸存的婴儿。(1) A survive B (

19、by) survive onsurvive from(2) survivor nsurvival n即学即练生存；存活s feeding the baby who survived the earthquakeA比B活得长依靠 生存下来从 存活下来，流传下来幸存者U幸存；C残存物 Of the six people injured in the terrible accident, only two 在这次可怕的事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。 The traveler trapped in the lonely island survived the fish caught in the

20、 sea 被困在孤岛上的那位旅客靠在海里捕到的鱼生存了下来。 Some strange customs have survived earlier times 有些奇怪的风俗是从早年流传下来的。 The old lady has survived all her sisters and brothers ten years 那位老妇人比她所有的兄弟姐妹晚去世 10 年。11. power n.能力；力量；权力（佳句背诵 ）As is known to us, knowledge is power 众所周知，知识就是力量。(1)have the power to do sth 具有做某事的能力c

21、ome to power上台；执政 （动作 ）be in power执政；掌权 （状态 ）beyond one ' s power力所不能及的(2)powerful adj 即学即练强有力的 There was a time when the girl lost theof speech.曾经有一段时间，这个女孩不能说话。 It is two years since the party came to power .=The party for two years . 这个政党执政两年了。 It is to finish the task in two hours .两个小时结束这项工

22、作，超出了我的能力范围。 I do believe that encouragement is so （power） that it can change a person .我相信鼓励是如此强大，它可以改变一个人。12. calmvt. & vi . （使）平静； （使）镇定adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的（佳句背诵 ）I wonder if you can help me to calm the little boy down 不知道您能否帮我让这个小男孩平静下来。（1）calm down平静下来calm sb down使某人平静下来；使某人镇定下来（2）keep calm保持镇静即

23、学即练 The excited football fansat last激动的足球迷们最终平静了下来。 ； there is no need to feel upset about it 让你自己平静下来，没有必要为此事心烦。 It is importa nt to in face of dan ger.在面临危险时，保持镇静是重要的。13. aid n & vt 帮助；援助；资助（佳句背诵 ）I couldn't speak any French, but a nice man came to my aid and told me where to go对某人急救在的帮助下来

24、帮助某人 帮助某人 （ 做）某事 以某事 /物帮助某人 帮助某人做某事我不会说法语，但是一位好心的男士来帮助我并告诉我怎么走。(1)give first aid to sb with the aid of come to one ' s aid (2)aid sb in (doing) sth aid sb with sth aid sb to do sth 即学即练 With the aid of our teachers, we learned how to perform 在老师的帮助下，我们学会了如何进行急救。 I 'd be very grateful if you

25、can aid me my English 如果你能帮助我学习英语我将不胜感激。 He is so kind a boy that he often aids his mother (clean) the house .他是一个如此善良的男孩，他经常 帮助他的母亲打扫房子。14. wave n.波浪，波涛；挥手v.波动；起伏；挥手(教材 P54)Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magn

26、itude of 90 渔民、游客、旅馆、住宅和汽车都被 9 级地震引起的巨 浪卷走了。wave goodbye to sb向某人挥手告别wave to/at sb向某人挥手give sb a wave即学即练 She refused my suggestion with a of her hand .她摆摆手拒绝了我的建议。 He gave us a wave as the bus drove off.=He waved us as the bus drove off.公共汽车开走时，他向我们挥了挥手。 The policeman waved to the driver (stop) 警察挥

27、手示意司机停车 (停止 )。15. strike vi& vt (struck ； struck/stricken) 打；撞击；罢工；突然想到；打动，迷住；(钟) 敲；侵袭n 罢工一词多义 写出下列句中 strike 的含义 即学即练 The clock struck twelve when I got home last night A terrible earthquake did strike the northeast of Japan on March 11 A good idea struck me when I was reading the newspaper The

28、visitors were struck by the beauty of the West Lake (1)be struck by sth strike (s) sbIt strikes sb that/wh- (2)be/go on strike I should pay a visit to my teacher 我突然想到，我应该拜访我的老师。16. deliver vt.递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)(佳句背诵 )Everyone who is willing to take part will be given 3 minutes to deliver his spee

29、ch 每个愿意参加的人都有 3 分钟的时间来发表演讲。deliver sth . to投递/运送某物给 deliver a speech发表演说即学即练 Hans was asked (deliver) a speech on the graduation in Harvard University 汉斯被邀请在哈佛大学毕业典礼上发表演讲。 I wonder why you refused (deliver) my letters to my home last week 我想知道上周你为什么拒绝把我的信送到我家。17. effectn.结果；效力(佳句背诵 )While online sho

30、pping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive 虽然网上购物改变了我们的生活，但不是所有的影响都是积极的。(1) have an effect on/upon对产生影响come into effect生效side effect副作用(2) effective adj有效的；有影响的即学即练 The measures taken by the local government will come into next month 当地政府采取的措施将下月生效。 There is no doubt that

31、reading books can have a good effect the children 不可否认，读书会对儿童有良好的影响。 In my opinion, go outdoors and play team games with your friends , which is an (effect) way to get rid of anger.在我看来，和你的朋友去户外玩团队游戏，这是一个摆脱愤怒的有效的方式。18. too + adj. + to.太 不（教材 P50）Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and do

32、gs refused to go inside buildings 鸡甚至猪都紧张得吃不下东西，狗也不愿意进圈舍里去。too+ adj. （for sb . ） to do sth .意为 太不"，表示否定意义。即学即练 I was young understand the meaning of the film .=I was young I can ' t understand the meaning of the film我太年幼，不理解这部电影的含义。 The problem isdifficult for me to settle =The problem is d

33、ifficult that I can' .t settle it这个问题太难了，我解决不了。19. as if = as though仿佛；好像”，可用来引导表语从句（教材 P50）It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!仿佛到了世界末日！It seemed （to sb. ） that/as if.“（某人来说）似乎”。（1）as if 从句用陈述语气：从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的。（2）as if 从句用虚拟语气： 从句用一般过去时 （与现在的事实相反 ）； 从句用过去完成时 （与过去的事实相反 ）； 从句用 wo

34、uld/could/might do 形式 （与将来的事实相反 ）。即学即练 Look at the clouds in the sky! It looks it is going to rain . Let' s hurry up 看看天上的乌云！看起来要下雨，咱们快一点。 He talks to them as if they （be） children .他同他们说话，就当他们是孩子一样。（与现在事实相反 ） He talks about Rome as if he （be） there before .他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里似的。 （与过去事实相反 ） He opened his mouth as if he （say） something .他张开嘴好像要说什么。（与将来事实相反 ）20. v-ing 结构作结果状语（教材 P54）The most powerful earthquake in the past 4