宾语从句讲解及练习

1、宾语从句（The Object Clause ）学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。一.宾语从句的定义宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，可以作动词的宾语也可以做介词的宾语 作动词的宾语：I heard that he would come here later on.主语 谓语动词一个句子作宾语作介词的宾语：He said nothing about who broke the window last night.主语谓语动词代词作动词的宾语介词一个句子作介词的宾语二宾语从句中引导词（连接词）的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词:that （that 常可省略）,whether

2、, if代词：who, whose, what .which副词：when ,where, how, why 等。 连词：He told me （that he would） go to the college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学.I don't know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam没有人知道他是否会通过考试. that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）1. 可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say,

3、 think, insist, wish. hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream suggest, hear. mean. notice, prefer. request, require, propose, declare, report 等。The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets2. 在可

4、以接复合宾语的动词之后，如：think, make, consider等，可以用it做形式宾语。We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.他应当改进他的发音，我们认为这是必要的。3. thay从句一般不能充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except, in的宾语。如：He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless.他是个好学生，就是有点粗心。He differed from his classmates in that he devoted

5、his spare time to reading.他和他的同学不同的地方在于他耙课余时间用在了读书上。其他介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时，必须用it做形式宾语。You may depend on it that I shall always help you.你要相信我会一直帮助你的。练习题(1) . I don't tliiiik he is right.?A. isnt he B. is he C. do ID. dont I(2) . He believes she is right.?A. doesn't he B does he C is she D isn&#

6、39;t she(3) .1 thought that he disliked playing football.?A. didift heB. did heC. did ID. didn't I(4) . I findimportant that we practice English every day.A. itB. thisC. thatD. what(5) . You can't imaginewhen they received the nice gift.A. how they were excitedB. how excited they wereC. how

7、excited were theyD they were how excited在以下情况中that不能省峪1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后而的that不可 省。I believe (that) you have done your best and that things will get better.2、当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that-般不可省。Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green c

8、oat and his black silk cap.3、当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省。I can't tell him that his mother died.4、当it作形式宾语时例句：She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him.许多带复合宾语的句子，ihai引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。5、当宾语从句前置时 That our team will win, I believe.6、当 that 作 learn,suggest,explain.agree,wonder,pr

9、ove,mean,state.feel.hold 等动词的宾语时; 由whether,if引导的宾语从句可互用悄况：当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否“。如：I don't know if / whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道这么多年后他是否还 住在这儿。但在下列情况下只能用whether,不能用if：前有狼后有虎，or not接其后，引主表位句首用whethei: 在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether (if. or no

10、t也可以使用)。如：Let me know whether / if he will come or not. (= Let me know whether or not he will come) 让我知道他是否能来。I don*t know whether / if he does any washing or not. （=1 dont know whether or not he does any washing）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether wego.我不知道我们是去还是留。 在介词之后用whether a如:Fm in

11、terested in whether he likes English.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。Werre thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这 项工作。 在不定式前用whethero如：He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未决立是否拜访那位老人。He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train.他还未决龙是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。 whether置于句首时，不

12、能换用if。女口：Whether this is true or not, I can*t say.这是否真的我说不上来。 引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whethero如：Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能来还是个问题。 若用iF会引起歧义时，则用whethero如：Please let me know if you like the book.可理解为：b. If you like the book, please let me know.你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句1、if引导

13、条件状语从句，意为“如果“The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.2、if引导否泄概念的宾语从句时He asked if I didn't come to school yesterday.3、引导状语从句even if （即使）和as if （好象）时He talks as if he has known all about it.连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结 构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know,

14、decide, show, find out. imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand. inform, advise 等 连接代词：who,whom.whose.which,what,句中担任主语、宾语、怎语或者表语。连接代词一般指疑问，但what? whatever除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么？The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 这本书会告诉

15、你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗？ 连接副词有：when.wherejvhy.how,在句中担任状语的成分。He didn't tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见而. Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗？None of us knows

16、where these new parts can be bought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.练习题(1) I don't knowor not.B. if he is at homeA. whether he is at homeC. that he is at homeD. whether is he at home(2) This depends on the weather is fineA. whichB. whetherC. ifD. that(3) The teacher asked the new studentclass he was in.A. wh

17、ichB. whereC. ifD. that(4) I don't knowMr. Green will come to see us. He'll help us with our EnglishA. whyB. whenC. howD. where(5) 一 Be careful! Don't break the bottles. Do you hearI said? David?Yes, MumA. whatB. thatC. whyD. it(6) 一 Do you knowMr Black's address is?一 He may live at

18、NO.18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. I 'm not sure ofA. where, whichB. where, whatC. what, whichD what, where(7) There is not much difference benveen the two. I really don't knowA. what should I chooseB. which I should chooseC. which should I chooseD. what I should chooseAttention:宾语从句的杏定转移当主句谓

19、语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect等词，而宾语从句的意思是否立时，常把 否定转移至主句表示。其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.I don't tlinik it is right for him to treat you like tliat.I don't believe that man is killed by Jim.is he?我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的，是不是？I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend won't she/he?We suppose you

20、 have finished the project, haven't you?（注倉：如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词（不包含带有否定曲缀的词，如，unhappy, unfair, dislike 尊八其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.We find that he never listens Io the teacher carerully, does he?我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课.是不是？）当主句的主语是第二.三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。Your sister supposes she needs no help doesn't she?You

21、thought they could have completed the project, didn't you?They don't believe she's an engineer, do they?She doesn't expect that we are coming so soon, does she?总结：三宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+英他成分。I don't know what they are looking for. Could you tell me when the train wi

22、ll leave?做笔记：into space by spaceship one day.C. can he flyD. could he flyB. where is the nearest bankD. the nearest bank is where with his car?B. what the matter isD. what is the matter练习题：(1) Did you find out?A. she was looking for whose child C. whose child she is looking for(2) Are you interested

23、 in?A. how did he do it B. he did it how(3) I don't know. Can you tell me?A. how the two players are old C. the two players are how old(4) 一 What did the scientist say?He said he wondered ifA. he had to fly B. he could fly(5) Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me A. Where the bank nearest C. where t

24、he nearest bank is(6) She asked Tom _ A. what the matter was C. what was the matterB. whose child was she looking forD. whose child she was looking forC. how he did it D. he how did itB. how old are the two playersD. how old the two players are四宾语从句的时态时态:1、主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。 例句:The headmaster

25、hopes everything goes well.2、主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句:She was sorry tliat she hadn't finished her work on time.3、当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在 时态。例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.练习题(1) It's 7:30.1 can! believe youcooking dinner yet, Sally.D. hadnt

26、startedA. haven t startedB. didn't C. don't start(2) The teacher told us yesterday that December 25Christmas Day.A. isB. wasC. has beenD. will be(3) The teacher said that the earthround the sunA. gocsB.goC. wentD. will go(4) We d like to tell you tliat youthe exam.A. have passedB. had passed

27、 C. passD. will pass(5) "Could you tell me? "Yes. Tlieyto the library."A. where are the twins, have beenB. where were the twins, have beenC. where the twins are, have goneD where the twins were, have gone(6) Our father said that hea new computer next weekA. will buyB. have bought C. w

28、ould buyD. buys(7) I hear that heto Beijing yesterday.A. gocsB. will goC. wentD. have gone直接引语和间接引语一、直接引语和间接引语的特点1. 直接引语的特点2.间接引语的特点二、直接引语与间接引语的转换1. 人称变化2时态变化3.指示代词的变化4时间状语的变化5.地点状语的变化 6.方向性动词的变化三、不同句式的直接引语怎样转换为间接引语1 陈述句2.疑问句3.祈使句4.感叹句（一）直接引语和间接引语的特点直接引语和间接引语是人们用來直接引述或间接转述别人话语的重耍形式，这两种形式各 有特点。1.直接引语

29、的特点直接引语用來直接引述别人的话语，一般说來具有以下五个特点：（1）被引用的话放在引号内：（2）被引用的话是原话，不作任何改动：（3）引用的话之前用3 "或“：S（4）引用的话结束后，需用“S V 等标点符号；（5）引出直接引语的引述动讨常为say（说道），ask（问道），shout（喊道），cry（喊道），order（命 令）,add（补充道），smile（微笑道）,laugh（大笑道）等。e.g. Laura said. T would like to visit China this summer?1劳拉说：“今年夏天，我想去中国游览。”uMaiy will give me

30、a nice present, ”Bobbie said.博比说：仔马丽耍给我一件精美的礼物。"Lisa asked /'Can someone help me out?”丽莎问："有人能帮我吗?”David said to me have been ill since last week：大卫对我说：“自上周以來，我一直病着。"Justin asked his mother /'Can I watch TV for a while?"贾斯廷问妈妈：“我能看一会儿电视吗厂Paula said 广There'll be a lect

31、ure tomonow aftemoon.n保拉说：明天下午有一个讲座。”The doctor asked "What's the matter with you?n医生问："你怎么 了 厂The girl smiled ；Tm delighted to see you again.”姑娘微笑道：“我很高兴再次见到你。-2 间接引语的特点间接引讲用來转述别人的话语，它主要有如下几个特点：（1）在引述谓语和被引用的话语之问不用逗号.冒号、引号等：（2）有时态的变化：（3）有人称、时间、地点等的变化：（4）常用的引述动词有say（说道）,ask（问道），shout（喊道

32、），cry（喊道）,order（命令），add（补 充道），smile（微笑道）,laugh（大笑道）等。c.g. Mill said that he would stay in China for another year.米尔说他将在中国再呆一年。Lily told me that she had phoned you.莉莉告诉我她给你打过电话。The girl asked me if I could help her.小姑娘问我是否能帮她。Tamara asked Tanya when they would start off.特玛拉问塔尼亚他们什么时候出发。（二）直接引语与间接引语的转

33、换教学重点难点极其突破方法：直接引语在很多情况下可以转换成间接引语，此时应注意 人称、时态、地点状语和时间状语的变化，同时还应注意不同句式的变化。口口口 1人称的变化直接引语中的代词变为间接引语时，要根据句意情景进行变化。变化规则如下表所示:直接引语间接引语第一人称第三人称或第一人称（随主句的主语）第二人称第三人称或第一人称（随主句中的宾语）第三人称第三人称（不变）eg. I said ,T won't lose heait .”一>1 said that 1 wouldn't lose heait.我不会灰心的。（第一人称I不变）I told Mary ；'We

34、 will help you out of trouble ">1 told Maiy that we would help her out of trouble. 我告诉玛丽我们会帮助她解决麻烦的0（第一人称we不变，第二人称you变为第三人称her）Nancy told her parents /'Evan is a mce boy. He is always ready to help.”一>Nancy told her parents that Evan was a nice boy and that he was always ready to help

35、 南希告诉父母说伊文是一个不错的小伙并11他总是乐丁助人（第三人称he不变） 口口口2.时态的变化主句中谓语动词的时态如果是现在时或将來时，则间接引语中时态和原直接引语的时态一 样，不作改变。e.g. Carson says 广1 will have all of you over and eiyoy our free and easy time.">Carson says that he will have all of us over and enjoy our free and easy time 卡森说他会让我们都过來自由、轻松地好好玩一玩。（I）时态变化的情况如果主句

36、为过去的某种时态，则间接引语的时态应相应向前推一个时态，如下表所示:直接引语间接引语直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般将來时过去将來时一般过去时过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时觇在进行时过去进行时过去完成时e.g. Tina saidusually get up at six.”一>Tim said she usually got up at six.说她通常六点起床。（一般现在时变为一般过去时）Martin told me 广I rang Alice yesterday?'>Martin told me that he had rung Alice the daybe

37、fore 马丁告诉我说他昨夭已经给艾丽斯打电话了。（一般过去时变为过去完成时）Nina told me ,<4Lisa is studymg abroad.n >Nina told me that Lisa was studying abroad.尼娜告诉我丽莎正在国外学习。（现在进行时变为过去进行时）Hayley said to me 广1 will see you at the same place tomonow.M>Hayley said to me that she would see me at the same place the next day.海莉对我讲她

38、第二天要在同一地点见我。（一般将來时变为过去将來时）Nell said /I have worked out this problem."> Nell said that she had worked out that problem. 内尔说她己经做出了那道题目。（现在完成时改为过去完成时）Bob told me 广I had worked here for years before I moved out. JBob told me that he had worked there for years before he moved out.鲍勃告诉我说他在那儿工作了多年才

39、搬走。（过去完成时不变）（2 ）时态不需要变化的几种情况一般说來当直接引语转为间接引语，彼转述的话依然有效或在当时.当地转述时，常常 不改变时态。具体有以下儿种情况。 直接引语有确定的过去时间时。e.g. Chloe said 广The stoiy took place m the 1930s. JChloe said that the story took place in the 1930s.克劳说这个故事发生在二十世纪三十年代。 只着眼丁转述事实，而不侧重动作先丁转述动作的时间时。c.g. The boy said ,T found the dog just at the edge of

40、 the wood.">The boy said that he found the dog just at the edge of the wood. 男孩说他在森林边上发现 了那条狗。 所转述的动作或状态说话时仍在继续，并对此点加以强调时。e.g. The reporter said 广The war is now still on?">The reporter said that the war is now still on.记者说战争依然在继续。Charlie told me ,T am just helping my dad on the faim

41、nglit now ”一>Charlie told me that he is just helping his dad on the farm right now.查理告诉我说他现在正在农场帮他父亲干活。 所转述的是口然现象、科学真理、名言警句等，并对此加以强调时。e.g. Our English teacher said /All work no play makes Jack a dull boy.'J Our English teacher told US that all work no play makes Jack a dull boy. 我们的英语老师告诉我们只顾

42、学习不休息，聪明的孩子也变傻。3. 指示代词的变化直接引语中的this在变为间接引语时应改为that, these改为thoseoe.g. Toby said to me 广This is the School Computer Center?5> Toby said to me that was the School Computer Center.（this 变为 that） 托比告诉我说那就是学校计算机中心。Kerry told me 广These photos were taken ten years ago.M>Kerry told me that those photo

43、s had been taken ten years bcfore.（these 变为 those） 克里告诉我说那些照片是十年前拍的o注意：在说话者的当时.当地转述时，this, that不用改变。Nora said :Til take this book."What did Nora say just now?She said she will take this book4. 时间状语的变化直接引语间接引语now现在then那时today今天that day 那夭this evening 今晚that evening那夭晚上yesterday 昨 夭the day before

44、 前夭yesterday morning 昨 天上午the morning before 前天早晨last night昨天晚上the night before 前天晚上two days ago 两天前two days before 两天前next week 下周the next week the following week 第二周tomorrow 明天the next daythe following day 第二夭the day before yesterday 前天two days before 两 夭前the day after tomorrow 后夭m two days5 time

45、two days after 两夭后c.g. Nell said ,Tm now visiting China. JNell said that she was then visiting China 内尔说她当时正访问中国<> （now 变为 then） Rcbccca asked me /lHave you got anything on this evening?">Rebecca asked me whether I had got anything on that evening 丽贝卡问我那夭晚上是否有事。（this evening变为that even

46、ing）Joanna said /'Professor Black is going to give a lecture on SARS next week.一>Joanna said that Professor Black was going to give a lecture on SARS the next week 乔安娜说布莱克教授第二周要做一场有关非典的讲座。（next week变为the next week） 特别提示在说话者的当时、当地转述时，所说的话在转述时还起作用，时间状语不变。c.g.Jimmy, we111 take a tnp to Hawaii to

47、moiTOw.吉米，明天我们到夏威夷去旅行。What did Daddy say just now, Mummy?妈妈，爸爸说什么？He said we> 11 take a tiip to Hawaii tomonow.他说明天我们去夏威夷旅行。5. 地点状语的变化常见的地点状语变化是把here,变为thereo另外over here应变为over thereoe.g. The boy said 广This is the first time I have been here.n>The boy said that that was the first time he had b

48、een there.这个男孩说那是他第一次到那个地方。（here变为there）Roman told me /I just put all the tlnngs over here.n>Roman told me that he had just put all the things over there.罗曼告诉我他刚才把所有的东西都放在那边了 o （over here变为over there） 特别提示在说话者的当时、当地转述时，here, over here不用改变。c.g.Will you come here, Jim?吉姆请到这边來，好吗？What does Robert sa

49、y?罗伯特刚才说什么？He asked if you will come here.他问你是否可以到这边來。6. 方向性动词的变化在直接引语变为间接引语时，表示方向性的动词bring, come应变为mkc, go。c.g. My sister asked me /'Could you bnng the chairs upstairs?”一>My sister asked me if I could take the chairs upstairs.我的姐姐问我能否把椅子拿到楼上去。（bring变为take）Helen told me prefer you to come to

50、the party tlus weekend.n>Helen told me that she would prefer me to go to the party that weekend 海伦告诉我她愿意让我那个周末去参加宴会。（come变为go） 特别提示当某一地点成为说话者或听话者谈论的中心时，尽管远离双方，在间接引语中依然用bring, come。e.g. Lisa said that she'd like me to come to the party. 丽莎说她愿意让我去参加宴会。（the party为说话的中心） Terence asked me if I cou

51、ld bring my DV Camera on the （rip. 特伦斯问我旅行时是否可以带着数码摄像机。（the trip为说话的中心）（三）不同句式的直接引语怎样转换为间接引语人们在说话时常用四种不同的句式，即陈述句式.疑问句式、祈使句式和感叹句式，在 转述这些不同的内容时应运用不同的句式。1. 陈述句将直接引语中的陈述句转化为间接引语时变成由that引导的宾语从句，that可以省略。 主句引述动词主要为say（说）,tell（告诉），repeat（重复），answcr（答道）,reply（答道），explain（解 释说），think（认为）,bclieve（坚信），suggest（

52、建议）,advise（建议）等。c.g. Chad said ；Tm going to take up literatwe this tenn.>Chad said （that） he was going to take up literature that term.査德说他那个学期要选修文学。Perry told his parents 广What I want is not money, but love fi-om you.>Perry told his parents （that） what he wanted was not money but love from th

53、em. 佩里告诉他的父母说他想要的不是钱，而是來口父母的爱。Doctors usually advise /'People should live a fi*ee and easy life.n>Doctors usually advise （that） people should live a free and easy life.医生经常建议人们应该过得 轻松愉快。2. 疑问句直接引语中的疑问句变为间接引语时必须用陈述句语序，句末用句号。主句引述动词是 say 时，要改为 ask（问）,wonder（想知道），don't kiiow（不知道）,wanttoknow（想

54、知道），be not sure（拿不准）,be puzzlcd（纳闷）等。e.g. Bridget said / Do all of you often write to your parents?n> Bridget asked ifVwhethcr all of us often wrote to our parents. 布里奇特问我们是否经常给父母写信。（一般疑问句变为if/whether引导的宾语从句）Carmen asked me 广You are interested m computer studies, aren't you?”一>Carmen asked

55、 me if/whether I was interested in computer studies.卡门问我是否对电脑研究感 兴趣。（反意疑问句变为if/whether引导的宾语从句）I asked SallyWill you stay witli me or go by yourself on a piciuc?>I asked Sally whcthcr/if she would stay with me or go by herself on a picnic. 我问莎莉她是和我呆在一起，还是口己独自去野餐。（选择疑问句变为whether/if.or.|导的宾语从句）"

56、;What are your parents and where do they live ?"the policeman asked me.> The policeman asked me what my parents were and where they lived 警察问我父母是干什么的，住在哪里。（特殊疑问句变为由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句）3. 祈使句祈使句变为间接引语时须将祈使句的谓语动词变成不定式，作宾语补足语，原主句引述 动词say须改为ask（让）,tell（告诉），order（命令），beg（乞求）,warn（警告）,advise（建议）等。 否定句需要在

57、不定式前加上no*有的祈使句表示建议霊要改成"suggesVadvise that. .+（should）+ ”结构。c.g. "Come m and sit down, please lCher said to us.>Cher told/asked us to come in and sit down. 雪儿让我们进來坐下。"Doif t always be so nervous, John"： one of them said.>One of them told John not to be so nervous.其中一个人告诉约翰不要紧张。"Try one more tune and see what will happen二 the teacher said >The teacher advised that they should try one more time and see what woul