专题05介词及介词短语必考点原卷版

1、三观一统十年高考真题精解05介词及介词短语十年树木，百年树人，十年磨一剑。本专辑按照最新2020年考纲，对近十年高考真题精挑细选，去伪存真，挑选符合最新考纲要求的真题，按照考点/考向同类归纳，难度分层精析，对全国卷I具有重要的应试性和导向性。三观指的观三题(观母题、观平行题、观扇形题)，一统指的是统一考点/考向，并对十年真题进行标灰(调整不考或低频考点标灰色)。(一) 2020 考纲考点2020考纲要求(1)常见介词的用法inm(2)与介词相关的短语的用法inm(二)本节考向题型研究汇总题型考向考点/考向2020考纲要求语法填空(1)在具体语篇中，综合考查介词相关知识inm短文改错(2)在具体

2、语篇中，综合考查介词相关知识inm单项填空(3)在语境中，考查介词相关知识2014年前考向题型研究一：语法填空(考点1-常见介词的用法)三现真题1. （2019 新课标 I 卷）Modem methodstrack ing polar bear populati ons have bee n employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expe nsive to perform （perform） con siste ntly over a large area.2. （2017 全国卷I） There has been a recent trend

3、in the food service industry towards lower fat content and lesssalt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界）61. a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Q

4、u平行蓟1. 【2019 浙江卷】 But can uni forms help improve school sta ndards? The an swerthis questi on is not clear.2. 【2018 浙江】If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mumhomedinner, get a few cook ing tips from her.3. 2017 全国卷川After school she plans to t

5、ake a year off to model full- time before going to university to get adegreeengin eeri ng or architecture.4. 【2016 全国新课标 III 】Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most peopletraditi on ally eat50 their han ds.5. 2015 广东卷Then the Johnsons had to make a living _22_ the co

6、w. In order to support his family, MrJoh nson bega n to pla nt herbs and vegetables.观扇形题1. 2017 全国卷n In 1863 the first un dergro und passe nger railway in the world ope ned in London .It ran for justun der seve n kilometres and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they trave

7、lled to and work.2. 【2019 北京卷】First celebrated1970 , the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries andregions（地区）.3. 【2016 四川 The mother continued to care for the young panda 47more than two years.4. 【2013 湖南卷 When kids in parts of the world want to play, they often make soccer balls out of

8、 trash tiedtogether with stri ng.“ because the areas used for play ing fields are ofte n rough and rocky, milli ons of real balls goflat（变瘪）49 24 hours, ” says Tim Jah nigen, a Califor nia bus in essma n.5. 2012 广东卷The new boy looked at the teacher 23 a few seconds and all the other studentswon dere

9、d_24 the boy would do.6. 2012 湖南卷Still others prefer writing letters so that they can include photos or interesting articles _52 heenvelopes along with their letters.一统考点/考向在语法填空中，介词是必考内容，常考表示方位、时间、地点、方式、原因、计量、材料等的介词。如果句子中不缺少主语或表语，动词后又不缺少宾语，则在名词或代词前一定是填介词。常见介词的用法常用介词如 in， on, for，with， against， of，b

10、eyond，out of， across等含义较多，应全面把握。1. against有违背，违逆；反对；对不利；倚；靠；碰撞；预防；衬托"之意。Vacations help us perform better at work ， improve our sleep quality and cushion us against depression. 假期帮助我们在工作中表现得更好，提高我们的睡眠质量和缓解忧愁。2. beyond可表示范围，限度，意为超出，为所不及”常用短语： beyond words/description/imagination/belief/one's

11、reach/one's control ，意为 “无法用语言形容 / 无法用语言描述 /想象不出来 /无法相信 / 够不着 /无法控制 ”。“I came to thank you， ”she sa，idsurprising me beyond speech.“我是来感谢你的。 ”她说。 （听到这 ）让我惊讶地说不出话来。3. by可表示程度或增减的幅度，还可作 按；以计；依据”讲。As far as I know ， workers are generally paid by the month. 据我所知，工人们的工资通常按月来付。4. for 有 “就 而言；从 来看；达，计；为

12、 ”之意。 The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education. 我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量问题。 2016 四川The mother continued to care for the young panda for more than two years. 这位母亲持续照顾熊猫幼崽两年多。5. off有 在离不远处；在沿海的海面”之意。She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went off the road.她在转弯处开得如此快，以

13、至于车差点偏离公路。6. across 有“横跨 ”之意。Do you think this shirt is too tight across the shoulders?你觉得这件衬衫在肩膀这个地方是不是太紧了？7. on/upon有 刚就；一就”之意，后接名词或动词ing形式。Upon graduation ， Charlotte returned to Montreal and set up a private clinic.夏洛特一毕业就回到了蒙特利尔，开了一个私人诊所。8. over 可表示时间，意为 “在 期间；直到 结束 ”。 Talks with the teachers&#

14、39; union over the weekend have averted a strike. 周末与教师工会举行的谈判避免了一场罢工。 Over coffee, she lit a cigarette, her eyes daring him to comment. 喝咖啡时，她点燃了一支烟，用挑衅的眼神看着他，谅他也不敢吭声。9. within 可表示范围、程度，意为 “在 之内 ”。The government was doing everything within its power to help the victims. 政府正尽其所能地帮助那些受害者。10. of 表示在 范

15、围内。 The ceasefire resolution calls for the release of all prisoners of war.停火决议要求释放所有战俘。2015 福建A com mon memory they all have of their schooldays is the school uniform.他们对于他们学生时代的共同记忆是校服。考向题型研究一：语法填空（考点2-与介词相关的短语的用法）三观真题趣母暨）1. 【2018 全国 III 】 I was searchingthese three western lowland gorillas rd bee

16、n observing. No one hadsee n them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.2. 【2016 全国新课标 I 】But my conn ection with pan das goes backmy days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,1. 【2016 全国新课标 II 】 Most of us are more focused our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.2. 2015 全国卷n Whe n

17、a new day breaks, the walls have give n up their heat and are now cold eno ugh to cool thehouse duri ng the hot day;the same time, they warm up aga in for the ni ght.3. 2015 全国卷 I For those who fly to Guilin,it's onlyan hour awaycar and offers all the scenery ofthe better-k nown city.4. 2015 广东卷

18、He sold or excha nged some of the milk in the tow ns n earbyother food and made cheese andbutter for the family with what was left.5. 2014 辽宁卷Don't laughme. I may look funny.（阴扇形蓟1. 【2019 新课标 HI 卷】 We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _63_ _ dogs , seven to be exact.2. 2014 新课标全国卷n W

19、he n the bus fin ally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next thewin dow, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.3. 【2013 广东卷】 The only reason a man would sell sale 21 a lower price would be because he was desperate formoney. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a

20、 lack of respect 22_the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”一统考点/考向考点 介词的固定搭配考查介词短语辨析，往往要借助具体语境，另外，还要掌握常用的介词短语及其意义。 Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice to her opinion on the subject.在讨论刚开始时，玛丽一言不发，但最后她就这个主题发表了自己的观点。 I hate

21、it whe n she calls me at work rm always too busy to carry on a con versati on with her. 我不喜欢她在我工作时给我打电话 我总是太忙，不能和她进行会话。 Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes to animals both on land and sea? 你听说过成为海陆两栖动物的栖息地的树吗？ They believe that there are transport developments around the corner that will

22、 bring a lot of changes for the better.他们相信交通的发展就要到来了，这将会带来很多更好的变化。 Human life is regarded as part of nature and , as such, the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.人类生活被认为是大自然的一部分,严格说来,我们生存的唯一方式是与大自然和睦相处。1与介词 in 搭配的常用短语in a way 在某种程度上in no way 没门in the way 挡住道路in vain 徒劳in g

23、eneral 通常,大体上in detail 详细地in turn 轮流in return 作为回报in need 需要in time 迟早；及时2与 out of 搭配的常用短语out of date/time 过时 /过期out of question 毫无疑问out of the question 不可能out of shape 变形out of fashion 不流行out of order 出了故障out of reach 遥不可及3“in 名词 of ”常用搭配in honor of 为纪念in charge of 负责； 掌管in terms of 依据；就而言in praise

24、 of 赞扬in favor of 支持； 赞同in need of 需要4 与介词at搭配的常用短语at no time 决不at a time 一次/每次at o ne time 一度 / 曾经at times不时地/有时at on e's request应某人的要求at a loss不知所措5.其他常考短语on behalf of 代表by chance/accident 偶然after all毕竟；别忘了regardless of 不管，不顾on the whole总的说来on the contrary 相反考向题型研究二：短文改错（考点1-介词的误用）1. 【2018 全国

25、I 】They also had a small pond which they raised fish.2. 2017 全国卷 I It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road. 平行蓟1. 【2018 全国 II 】Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.2. 【2016 浙江】 While they chatted, my father would lift my sister and me up to si

26、t in the top of the fridge.3. 【2015 浙江】 My old classroom was interesting because three sides of the classroom were made from glass.4. 【2015 新课标全国 II 】It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy on a shop window.5. 【2015 新课标全国 I】Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has poll

27、uted.1. 【2014 全国新课标 II 】Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities.2. 【2014 陕西卷】 My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird.3. 【2014 全国新课标 I 】Nearly five years ago, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes（圣女果）in our back garde

28、n.4. 2013 新课标 I He was tall, with broad shoulders and a beard that turned from black toward gray over the years.5. 2013 新课标 II In terestin gly, it had a conn ection by the British porcelai n（瓷器）in dustry.6. 【2013?辽宁卷】 Mr. Johnson is a hard working teacher. Every day, he spends too much time with his

29、 work.7. 【2013 陕西卷】 Before waiting for about half an hour, I was beginning to get impatient.一统考点/考向（1 ）注意掌握常用基本介词的用法，修改因汉语影响的误用。（2）注意短语搭配中介词的正确使用。（3）介词易错点1 句尾介词往往由于受到汉语的影响而缺少He is the man I just spoke. 误He is the man I just spoke to. 正I don't know which school he studies. 误I don't know which

30、 school he studies in. 正I don't know in which school he studies. 正I don't know where he studies. 正2 因不熟悉介词及介词短语语法功能和不同搭配而造成语句混乱、搭配不当等错误（误）I often come to school take bus , but sometimes I come by my father's car.（正）I often come to school by bus , but sometimes I come in my father's c

31、ar.3 英汉差异造成的介词错用误He got married with her last month.正He got married to her last mon th.正He married her last mon th.误He has a knife wound with the leg.正He has a knife wound in the leg.误He drove onto a tree yesterday.正He drove into a tree yesterday.误A is different with B.正A is differe nt from B.误un de

32、r the help of the teacher正with the help of the teacher误He made holes on the wall.正He made holes in the wall.考向题型研究二：短文改错(考点 2-考查删除多余的介词)三观真题【2018 全国 I 】 At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, and he agreed.QB平行蓟1. 【2019 新课标 III 卷 短文改错】I want my cafe to have a special theme such as like "Tang Dynasty".2. 【2016 四川】Dad clea ned the house, and then we nt on shoppi ng.3. 【2015 陕西】My soccer coach retired in last week.1. 2017 全国卷n They have also bought for some gardening tools.2. 2017 全国卷川W