新概念英语一册语法及专项练习

1、精选资料可编辑修改,可打印别找了你想要的都有!精品教育资料一全册教案,试卷,教学课件,教学设计等一站式效劳-可修改编辑精选资料全力满足教学需求,真实规划教学环节最新全面教学资源,打造完美教学模式新概念英语第一册语法点归纳新概念一共144课,其中单课为课文,双课为语法和练习.整本书是以单数课为正课,并附带有插图而双数课那么是针对单数课所讲的内容有针对性地进行练习,从此出展现出整个新概念一教材区别于其他教材的独特之处.以下是对新概念一整本教材的理解和剖析,以供各位对整个课本的理解和把握上参考和借鉴.首先根据课本中出现的时态来分析：本册书的语法出现层次性和规律性是很强的,首先我们先来整本书中都出了哪

2、些时态,这些时态的具体分布和讲解时我们大家需要注意的递进性.Lesson 31 -34现在进行时Lesson 37 -40第一次出现 be going to 的将来时Lesson 51 56 一般现在时Lesson 67 76为一般过去式Lesson 83 -90为现在完成时Lesson 91 96 为一般将来时(will)Lesson 117 118过去进行时可修改编辑精选资料Lesson 119 120过去完成时除去前面所有时态和句型所占据的76课我们一起来看一下以下的68课,每一课小的语言点,语法点都是在什么地方,应该用什么样的方式来讲解.在这里告诉学员新概念一的每一个单课的重点都是出现

3、双课的标题和课后的练习题里 面.Lessonl 2语言点：与陌生人说话或引起别人的注意.Excuse me. Yes? Pardon? Thank you verymuch.语法点：主系表结构this为主语,名词做表语1的一般疑问句以及它的肯定答复.Is thisyour handbag? Yes, it is.Lesson 5 6语言点：如何介绍别人.This is Miss Sophie Dupont. Nice to meet you.语法点：主语为第三人称单数的主系表结构.She is French. He is German. It' s aVolvo.(L6)a/an的使用

4、.Lesson 7 8语言点：如何自我介绍和相互熟悉.语法点：主语为第二人称的主系表结构.Are you French?What nationality are you? What ' s your job? 特殊疑问句.可修改编辑精选资料Lesson 9 10语言点：朋友或熟识的人之间如何相互问候.How are you?语法点：主系表结构形容词做表语.介词短语表示位置near the window, on the televion, on the wallLesson 29 30语言点：如何发号命令.语法点：祈使句肯定.动词与宾语的固定搭配.Lesson 37 38语言点：如何表达

5、将要做的事情.语法点：现在进行时态be going to do结构表达将要发生的事情.There be句型的一般疑问句形式.Lesson 41-42语法点：如何表示不可数名词的量.Lesson 63-64语言点：建议忠告.语法点： don' t do . You mustn ' t do 'Lesson 65-66语法点：具体时间表示法半点和刻钟.反身代词.具体日期表达方式.Lesson 73-74可修改编辑精选资料语言点：问路.语法点：不规那么动词的过去式.形容词转变成副词.Lesson 77-78语百点：看病.语法点：综合时间表达方式.Lesson 105-106语

6、言点：办公室用语.语法点：want sb to do ./ tell sb to do以及其否认形式.Lesson 103-104语言点：测试.语法点：宾语从句.从句局部为非现在时态程度副词 too, very ,enoughLesson 125-126语言点：/语法点： have to do / don' t need to do Lesson 127-128语言点：娱乐界.语法点：must/can ' t对现在事,f#的肯定/否认猜想.Lesson 129-130语言点：交通状况.可修改编辑精选资料语法点：must/can ' t have been.对过去事,f#

7、的肯定 /否认猜想.Lesson 131-132语言点：度假.语法点：may对现在/过去事情的肯定或否认猜想.以下学的知识慢慢与新二接轨：现在完成时：Lesson 83 90直接引语变成间接引语：Lesson 99 102形容词的比拟级和最高级：Lesson107 -112neither ,so 的用法：Lesson 113 114不定代词白用法：Lesson 115 116过去进行和过去完成时：Lesson 117 120定语从句：Lesson 121 124情态动词的综合用法：Lesson 125 132直接引语变间接引语：Lesson 133 136 着重讲时态的倒推if 的用法：Les

8、son 137 140被动语态：Lesson 141 1441代词及be动词主格 I we you you she/he/it they宾格 me us you you her/him/it them代词所有格 my our your your her/his/its their名词性代词 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs可修改编辑精选资料be 动词现在时 Am are are are is arebe 动词过去时 was were were were was were2名词的复数规那么变化的名词复数形式规那么 1 一般情况 +s e.g. s

9、hell shells toy 一toys规贝U 2 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾+es e.g. fox ffoxes churchfchurches规贝U 3 以 o 结尾 +s 或+es e.g. radio f radios potato f potatoes规那么 4 以 f, fe 结尾的,变 f, fe 为 ves e.g. life lives half hakes规那么 5 以辅音字母 +y 结尾, 变 y 为 i+es e.g. sky 一skies studyfstudies3动词的第三人称单数形式规那么 1 一般情况 +s e.g. like-likes, loo

10、k-looks规那么 2 以 s, x, ch, sh 和 o 结尾+es e.g. do-does, catch-catches规那么 3 以辅音字母 +y 结尾, 变 y 为 i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly-flies4动词现在分词规贝U1 般动词力口 -ing e.g. look-looking, read-reading, play-playing规那么2以不发音的字母结尾的单词去e加-ing e.g. make-making, take-taking,arrive-arriving可修改编辑精选资料规那么3重读闭音节词结尾,即单词中只有一个元音字母,其后紧跟

11、一个辅音字母的词,双写 辅音字 母再力口-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop-stopping5动词过去式规那么动词变化规那么 1 般动词力口 -ed e.g. look-looked, watch-watched, play-played规贝U 2 以 e 结尾的力口 -d e.g. make-maked, arrive-arrived规贝U 3以辅音字母 y结尾的变y为i加-ed cry-cried, carry-carried规那么4重读闭音节词结尾,即单词中只有一个元音字母,其后紧跟一

12、个辅音字母的词,双写辅音字母再加 -ed stop-stopped过去式的读音在清辅音后面除外读 /t/ e.g. walked, jumped在浊辅音和元音后读 /d/ e.g. washed, watched在/t/, /d/后读 /id/ e.g. waited, hated6形容词和副词的比拟级和最高级比拟级规贝U1 一般力口 -er e.g. high-higher规那么2以e结尾加-r nice-nicer可修改编辑精选资料规那么3以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i再加-er busy-busier规那么4重读闭音节结尾,双写辅音字母再加-er fat-fatter最高级规贝U1 一般力

13、口 -est e.g. high-highest规那么2以e结尾加-st nice-nicest规那么3以辅音字母加 y结尾,变y为i再加-est busy-busiest规那么4重读闭音节结尾,双写辅音字母再加-est fat-fattest7常见缩写：is='s I am=I'm are='reis not=isn't /iznt/ are not=aren't /a:nt/do not=don'tdoes not=doesn'twas='sdid not=didn'tcan not=can'thave=

14、9;vehas='shave not=haven'thas not=hasn'twill='ll可修改编辑精选资料will not=won'tshall not=shan't直接引语/间接引语如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时,那么间接引语要做相应变化：时态,人称,时间地点及指示词1 时态变化：一般现在时一一一般过去时现在进行时一一过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时be going towas/were going to/wouldcan-couldmay-might2时间地点及指示词的变化：here-there,

15、 tomorrow-the next day, the following day, this-that 3人称变化：根据句意改变人称.4直接宾语/间接宾语主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语可修改编辑精选资料直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事务,也可以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的,或者是为谁做的.所以间接宾语要用名词或者宾格代词来担当.He gives me a book. me 间接宾语, a book 直接宾语直接宾语和间接宾语的位置调换时要加一个介词to或for ：主语+及物动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语Give me a book. = Give th

16、e book to me.Send him a letter. = Send a letter to him.Show him the new dress. = Show the new dress to him.倒装句：so/neither的倒装eg: He can swim. So can I.She didn't go to class. Neither did I.结构：so/neither+be+ 主语so/neither+ 助动词+ 主语so/neither+ 情态动词 + 主语助动词：一般现在时 ：do, does/am, is, are现在进行时：am, is, are

17、般过去时：did可修改编辑精选资料现在完成时:have, has一般将来时:will, shall过去进行时：was, were过去完成时：had过去将来时：would新概念英语A册语法汇总新概念英语第一册语法一:一般现在时新概念英语第一册语法二:现在进行时新概念英语第一册语法三：一般过去时新概念英语第一册语法四：现在完成时新概念英语第一册语法五：一般将来时新概念英语第一册语法六：过去完成时新概念英语第一册语法七：过去进行时新概念英语第一册语法八：过去将来时新概念英语第一册语法九：问句新概念英语第一册语法十：限定词新概念英语第一册语法HL:名词新概念英语第一册语法十二:副词新概念英语第一册语法

18、十三:情态动词新概念英语第一册语法十四：need用法新概念英语第一册语法十五：不定代词及不定副词可修改编辑精选资料新概念英语第一册语法十六：感慨句新概念英语第一册语法十七：祈使句新概念英语第一册语法十八：倒装句新概念英语第一册语法十九：直接引语/间接引语新概念英语第一册语法二十：单复数现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作.构成： 主语+be动词+动词的现在分词+其它成分现在分词的构成见附录We are having lunch.He is reading a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the r

19、iver.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Are we having lunch?Is he reading a book?Is the dog running after a cat?Are the boys swimming across the river?变否认句在be动词后面加 notWe are not having lunch.可修改编辑精选资料He is not reading a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.特殊疑问句：what, which, how,

20、 where, who, etc.疑问词+动词+主语+现在分词What are you doing?What is she doing?What is the dog doing?没有进行时的动词必背表示状态,思想,感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作1 .表示感觉,感官的词see, hear, like, love, want,2 . have, has当"拥有讲时没有进行时一、时态：一般现在时,现在进行时,一般过去时,现在完成时,一般将来时,过去进行时,过去 完成时,过去将来时1. 一般现在时表示一般性,经常性的动作或一般性事实.可修改编辑精选资料1含有be动词的句子He is

21、 a teacher.The girl is very beautiful.Tim and Jack are students.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Is he a teacher?Is the girl very beautiful?Are Tim and Jack students?变否认句在be动词后面加notHe is not a teacher.The girl is not very beautiful.Tim and Jack are not students.肯定答复及否认答复Yes, he is. No, he is not.Yes, she is. No, she is

22、 not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.不含有be动词的句子,即含有一般动词的句子第三人称单数及单数名词可修改编辑精选资料He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bones.变疑问句在句首加 does,动词变为原型Does he like books?Does she like him?Does the dog like bones?变否认句在主语及动词之间加doesn ' t,动词变为原型,原句中的动词不再有第三人称变化.He doesn ' t like books.She doesn '

23、; t like him.The dog doesn ' t like bones.肯定答复及否认答复：Yes, he does. No, he doesn ' t.Yes, she does. No, she doesn ' tYes, it does. No, it doesn ' t.注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S,不要和名词复数混淆,变否认句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化.可修改编辑精选资料其他人称及复数名词I want to have a bath.We have some meat.The students like smart teach

24、ers.变疑问句在句首加 doDo you want to have a bath?Do we have any meat?Do the students like smart teachers?变否认句在主语和动词之间加don ' t.You don ' t want to have a bath.We don ' t have any meat.The students don ' t like smart teachers.肯定答复及否认答复Yes, I do. No, I don ' t.Yes, we do. No, we don '

25、tYes, they do. No, they don' t.般过去时可修改编辑精选资料表示过去发生的动作或事件,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago,含有be动词的句子,将动词变为过去式,am, is的过去式为was , are的过去式为wereI was at the butcher ' s.You were a student a year ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.变疑问句将be动词移动到

26、句首Were you at the butcher ' s?Were you a student a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?变否认句在be动词后面加notI was not at the butcher ' s.You were not a student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.肯定答复否认答复Yes, I was. No, I was not.Yes, you were. No, you wer

27、e not.可修改编辑精选资料Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not.特殊疑问句：What did you do?必背不含有be动词的句子,将动词变为过去式,动词过去式构成见附录I finished my homework yesterday.The boy went to a restaurant.The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.变疑问句在句首加 did ,动词变为原型Did you finish your homework yesterday?Did the boy go to a restaurant

28、?Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?变否认句在主语和动词之间加did notI did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.肯定答复及否认答复Yes, I did. No, I didn ' t.可修改编辑精选资料Yes, he did. No, he didn ' t.Yes, they did. No, they d

29、id not.现在完成时构成：主语+助动词have, has+过去分词用法：2表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作,常和 just, usually, already, since等时 间副词连用I have just had lunch.饱了,不用再吃了 He has had a cup of tea.不渴了,不用再喝They have already had their holiday.不能再度假了The boy has already read the book.已经知道书的内容了,不用再看了3询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：Have you finished your homew

30、ork?Have you been to Beijing?Have he seen the film?4表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.可修改编辑精选资料8表示一种经历,经验：去过 地方,做过事情,经历过事情I have never had a bath.I have never seen a film.I have never been to cinema.I have ever been to Paris.Have been t

31、o 表示去过, have gone to 表示去了I have been to London.人已经回来He has gone to London.人还在那里11表示一种结果,一般不和时间副词联用I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broken my heart.句型变化：变疑问句将助动词移到句首,变否认句在助动词后面加not.e.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.肯定答复及否认答复Yes, I have. No, I hav

32、e not.可修改编辑精选资料特殊疑问句：What have you done?What has he done?一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：但凡有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点,不能再延续,因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用错：I' ve left Beijing for 3 days.对：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days一般将来时表示将来将要发生的动作,经常和tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow,

33、 the year after the next, in five hours ' time, etc.表示将来的词联用结构： 主语+助动词will+动词原形I will go to America tomorrow.The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.变疑问句将助动词移到句首Will you go to America tomorrow?可修改编辑精选资料Will the pilot fly to Japan th

34、e month after the next?Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?变否认句在助动词后面加notI will not go to America tomorrow.The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning肯定答复及否认答复Yes, I will. No, I will not.Yes, he/she will. No, he/she w

35、ill not.Yes, he will. No, he will not.特殊疑问句：What will you do?过去完成时：用法：在过去的时间里,两个动作中,发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时.结构：had+过去分词After she had finished her homework, she went shopping.They had sold the car before I asked the price.The train had left before I arrived at the station.可修改编辑精选资料After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要

36、在句子后面加逗号,如果放在主句后那么不 用加.5变疑问句将助动词移到句首Had she finished her homework?6变否认句在助动词后面加notShe hadn ' t finished her homework.7肯定答复及否认答复Yes, she had. No, she hadn ' t.8特殊疑问句：What had she done?可修改编辑精选资料第二局部过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作,经常用在when, while, as引导的状语从句中.结构：was/were+doingWhen my husband was going into the

37、dining room this morning, he dropped s ome coins on the floor.While we were having dinner, my father was watching TV.过去将来时结构：would doShe said she would go here the next morning.两个特殊句型：there be句型,be going to结构1） Be going to 结构表示打算,准备,方案做某事可修改编辑精选资料结构：主语+be动词+going to +动词原型I am going to make a bookcas

38、e.They are going to paint it.The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Are you going to make a bookcase?Are they going to paint it?Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter?变否认句在be动词后面加notI am not going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The fath

39、er is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter.肯定答复及否认答复Yes, I am. No, I am not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.Yes, he is. No, he is not.特殊疑问句What are you going to do?可修改编辑精选资料What are they going to do?What is the father going to do?必背2） There be 句型表示哪里有什么东西某处有某物There is+单数名词+表示场所的词一般为介词词组The

40、re is a book in this room.There is a pen on the tableThere are+复数名词+表示场所的词一般为介词词组There are two pens on the table.There are three schools there.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Is there a book in this room?Are there two pens on the table?变否认句在动词后面加notThere is not a book in this room.There are not two pens on the table.肯

41、定答复及否认答复可修改编辑精选资料Yes, there is. No, there is not.Yes, there are. No, there are not.新概念英语第一册语法总结九:问句09:35:02问句一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反意疑问句,选择疑问句,否认疑问句1） 一般疑问句：助动词/be动词+主语Are you a teacher? Do you want to have a cup of tea?2特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句What is your name?3选择疑问句：orDo you want beef or lamb?4反意疑问句：肯定陈述句+

42、否认疑问局部,否认陈述局部+肯定疑问局部You don ' t need that pen, do you?5否认疑问句：一般疑问句+否认词Aren ' t you lucky? Don ' t you want have a rest?新概念英语第一册语法总结十:限定词可修改编辑精选资料限定词：some, any, many, much some, any修饰可数名词或不可数名词,some用于肯定句,any用于否认句和疑问句,注意,当期待对方的答案为肯定答复时用some many修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词,在口语中表示很多一般不用many,much,而用a

43、lot of,在否认句中表示很多用many, much.I have a lot of money. I don ' t have much money.新概念英语第一册语法总结十一:名词名词：种类,复数,名词所有格 名词分为可数名词和不可数名词1不可数名词无法分开的东西： water, tea, bread, milk, rice米抽象的东西：love, beauty, coldness严寒不可数名词有以下特点： 不能用a, an修饰 不能加s 和单数be动词或动词搭配2可数名词：单数可数名词要用冠词修饰,复数可数名词要在名词后面加s,名词复数共有以下几种变化:可修改编辑精选资料规那

44、么变化的名词复数形式规那么 1 一般情况 +s e.g. shell -shells book - books规贝U 2 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾+es e.g. fox -foxes churchfchurches, busfbuses, w atch f watches规贝U 3 以.结尾+s 或+es e.g. potatofpotatoes, NegrofNegroes, herofheroes, t omato f tomatoes , (口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿),剩下一般加 s, radio - radios规那么 4 以 f, fe 结尾的,变 f, fe 为

45、ves e.g. life - lives half -hakes, shelf shelves, city f cities, wife f wives规那么5以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i+es e.g. skyfskies fly fflies3)不规那么变化的名词复数形式man(men) woman(women) foot(feet) goose(geese) tooth(teeth)0child(children) sheep(sheep) deer(deer) mouse(mice) fish(fish)新概念英语第一册语法总结(十二):副词09:36:52副词：用法及形容词变副词

46、的变化副词可以修饰形容词,动词,副词或整个句子.如:The book is very good.He runs fast.可修改编辑精选资料She came here quite early.Certainly I will go with you.副词变化形式： 直接在形容词后加-ly,careful-carefully, slow-slowly, 以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词,把 y变I,力口-ly, happy-happily, lucky-luckily 有些词形容词和副词的形式相同,不需要做任何变化fast, hard, late 有些词加上-ly后意思与原词相差很远： neary-n

47、early, high-highly, late-lately新概念英语第一册语法总结十三:情态动词09:37:35情态动词的使用： can, must, may, might, need, 1情态动词can能够, must必须,may可以 结构：主语+can/must/may+ 动词原型He can make the tea.可修改编辑精选资料Sally can air the room.We can speak English.变疑问句将情态动词移到句首Can he make the tea?Can Sally air the room?Can we speak English?变否认句在

48、情态动词后面加notHe cannot make the tea.Sally cannot air the room.We cannot speak English.肯定答复及否认答复Yes, he can. No, he cannot.Yes, she can. No, she cannot.Yes, we can. No, we cannot.特殊疑问句：What can you do?必背注意：情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化,不要在情态动词或动词后面加So可修改编辑精选资料2)Must/have to 的区别must表示必须,是主观上觉得应该做,have to是不得不,是由于客观条

49、件逼迫的必要要做must只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里,而 have to do可以用在任何时态3)must, may, might 表示猜想： must do表示对现在事实的猜想 must have done表示对过去事实的猜想 must have been doing表示对过去正在进行的事实的猜想 may/might do, may/might have done表示没有任何事实依据的猜想, might的可能 性更小.5 - can ' t/couldn ' t 表示不可能新概念英语第一册语法总结(十四)：need用法 09:38:09need 用法：表示“需要时为实意动词

50、,后面可以加名词,也可以加不定式：I need a pen. Do you need any beer? No, I don ' t.I need to have a rest.可修改编辑精选资料 Need doing=need to be done ,表示被动The flowers need watering. Need在否认时做情态动词使用You needn ' t go so early. =You don ' t need to go so early.Must I clean the desk right now? No, you needn ' t.

51、新概念英语第一册语法总结(十六)：感慨句09:39:24感慨句：1) What +名词+主语+谓语What a beautiful girl she is!2) How +形容词+主语+谓语How beautiful the girl is!祈使句：,第二人称：let+其他人称代词祈使句的否认,加 don ' t反意疑问可修改编辑精选资料祈使句第二人称祈使句表示请求,命令,建议,邀请等,谓语动词一律用原型,句子中通常不用主语, 句末用惊叹好或者句号,用降调.肯定句动词原型例,Come here, please. Go downstairs, please. Stand up. Sit

52、down. Be quiet. Be careful.祈使句中如果有唤语,一定要用逗号隔开,放在句首或者句尾Come in, Amy.Sit down here, Tom.Mary, give me a book please.否认：Don't+动词原型 Don't come here.Don ' t sit down.Don ' t stand up.Don ' t give me it. let sb. do Let me pass.Let us have a rest.可修改编辑精选资料Let' s have a rest.反意疑问：Let

53、' s have a walk along the river, shall we?Let us go out for a drink, will you?新概念英语第一册语法总结十八：倒装句09:40:44倒装句：so/neither 的倒装eg.He can swim. So can I.I didn ' t go to class. Neither did I.结构：so/neither+be+ 主语so/neither+ 助动词+ 主语so/neither+ 情态动词 + 主语一般现在时,do, does/am, is, are现在进行时,am, is, are一般过去

54、时,did现在完成时,have, has可修改编辑精选资料一般将来时, will, shall,过去进行时, was, were过去完成时,had过去将来时,would新概念英语第一册语法总结十九：直接引语/间接引语09:41:26直接引语/间接引语如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时,那么间接引语要做相应变化：时态,人称,时间地点及指示词1时态变化：一般现在时-一般过去时现在进行时-过去进行时一般过去时-过去完成时现在完成时-过去完成时一般将来时-过去将来时be going to-was/were going to/wouldcan-could可修改编辑精选资料may-might2时间地点及指示词的变化：here-there, tomorrow-the next day, the following day, this-that 3人称变化：根据句意改变人称.4直接宾语/间接宾语主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事务,也可以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的,或者是为谁做的.所以间接宾语要用名词或者宾格代词来担当.He gives me a book.me间接宾语,a book直接宾语直接宾语和间接宾