英语宾语补足语用法详解

1、Contents英语宾语补足语用法详解 2一、概念 2二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语宾语 补足语 2三、可以用分词作主语或宾语补足语的动词 3典例精析： 4英语宾语补足语用法详解一、概念分词作主语补足语和宾语补足语其实是同一成分用于两种不同的句式中。具体地说，主动态句子中的宾语补足语就是被动态句子中的主语补足语。先了解宾语补足语，那么很容易了解主语补足 语。宾语补足语：在英语中，某些及物动词不仅需要宾语，而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语，即表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态，这个词或短语称为宾语补足语。有些语法书把宾语和补足语称为复合宾语。句型：及物动词 +宾语n./p

2、ron.+宾语补足语n./adj./adv./to do/-ing/-ed/介词短语共7种表示法该句型假设变成被动语态，即将宾语提到句首作主语，原主动语态中的宾语补足语此时在被动语态中起到补充说明主语的作用，所以改称主语补足语。例如：A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.此句中smoking是主语he的补足语，所以称为主语补足语。、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语宾语补足语分词作主语宾语补足语时，假设主语宾语与分词之间是 主动关系，那么用 现在分词 表示主动； 如果主语宾语与分词之间是被

3、动关系，那么用过去分词表示被动。例如：He was heard singing in the next room.He was singing.主语he与补足语 唱歌"之间是主动关系，故用现在分词singing。One of the glasses was found broken .One of the glasses was broken.主语one of the glasses与补足语 打破"之间是被动关系，故用过去 分词 broken。Don t leave the water running while you brush your teeth.The water

4、 is running. 宾语 the water 与补足语 “淌 之间是主动关系，故用现在分词 running 。三、可以用分词作主语或宾语补足语的动词要会使用分词作补足语， 必须记住 哪些动词可以接分词充当补足语。1感官动词 feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, notice, observe, look at感二听五看及 find 等既可以接现在分词又可以接过去分词充当补足语 。如：If you wave your book in front of your face , you can feel the air moving against your f

5、ace.The air can be felt moving against your face , if you wave your book in front of your face.The next morning she found the man lying in bed ，dead.The next morning the man was found lying in bed ，dead.2. 表示 致使动词get, have, leave等既可以接现在分词又可以接过去分词充当补足 语。-Good morning. Can I help you ？-I 'd like t

6、o have the package weighed，madam.3. 表示“意欲；命令 的动词如 like，want，wish，order 等常接过去分词 充当补足语。 如：You must tell us exactly what you would like done. 你必须准确地告诉我们该做什么。The father wants his daughter taught the piano. 这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。I wish it done quickly. 我希望很快将此事做完。注意： set， start， catch 常跟现在分词作宾语补足语，make 常跟过去分词作宾语补足

7、语。如：Set sb.thinking ， start sb.coughing ，He looked around and caught a man putting his hand into the pocket of a passenger.The speaker raised his voice but still couldn' t make himself heard.典例精析：1.I smell somethingin the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute ？A.burning B.burnt C.being burnt

8、D.to be burnt 答案： A。解析： smell something burning “闻着什么东西在燃烧而发出糊味 强调这个动作正在进行。burning 作宾语补足语。 Something burnt 烧“焦了的东西 表示一种状态。所以选A 。2. After a knock at the door ，the child heard his mother 's voicehim.A.calling B.called C.being called D.to call 答案： A。解析： hear sb.doing sth. 意为 “听到某人在做某事 。动词 +ing 表示主动

9、， the child heard hismother ' svoice calling hir表示孩子听见他母亲喊他 Hear sth.done表示听见某事被做了 所以选 A 。3. Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have her written Englishin a shortperiod.A.improved B.improving C.to improve D.improve答案： A。解析： have sth.done 表示 “使某事被做 ，have her written English improved 使她“的书面英语得到提高 。动词 +ed 形式作宾语补足语表示被动。 Have sb.doing sth. 意为 “使某人一直在做某事 表主动。Have sb.do sth.意为 使某人做某事"表主动，do前必须省略to。所以选 A。4. -Did Peter fix the computer himself ？-He ， because he doesn ' t know mucahbout computers.A.has it fixed B.had fix