虚拟语气语法总结

1、虚拟语气语法总结1. 虚拟条件句谓语动词的构成形式条件从句的谓语动词主句的谓语动词与现在事实相反动词过去式（ be一般用would + 动词原形were）与过去事实相反had +过去分词would have done与将来事实可能相反1. 动词的过去式Would+ 动词原形2 should+ 动词原形3 were to+ 动词原形1) If you got burnt and dropped the pan of burning oil, you would have a house on fire.2) If Marry hadntdevoted all her time to study,

2、 as was the case with Tom, she c ouldnthave passed the exam.3) If our train were to arrive late, we should cancel the plan4） If it were not for the fact that you are ill, I would ask you to do it right now.2特殊虚拟条件句（1）倒装虚拟条件句1） Had you (=If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.2） Wer

3、e I (=If I were) you, I would do more practice after class.3） Should it rain(If it should rain) tomorrow, Iwouldn t go.4） Had he not broken (If he had not broken) the rules last week, he wouldn tfall behind now, which annoys his mother.( 核 )（2） . 错综虚拟条件句条件从句的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生.If I had earned some money

4、 last summer, I would go on vacation next month.If you had not missed the bus, we would be enjoying their concert now.If it hadnt been for the tsunami last year, the old mancould be living a happy life now.（3） .含蓄虚拟条件句虚拟条件从句通过下述词语引出：with, without, but for, or, otherwise, if it had not been / if it w

5、ere not for etc 例如：1） I couldn t have won the competitionwithout your encouragement.2） With your assistance, we might finish the plan earlier3） But for you advice, I would not be able to do this work.4) Victor obviously doesn tknow what s happened, otherwise he wouldn thave made such a stupid remark

6、.3 名词性从句中的虚拟语气A. 常这样用的形容词有：important 、 insistent、appropriate necessary、 advisable 、 desirable、 essential、natural、 strange 、 urgent、 vitalimperativeB. 常这样用的抽象名词有：pity, shame如：1) It was natural that she (should) think so.2) It is strange that he should have said so.3) It is a great pity that he should

7、 be so careless.4）It sstrange that such an outstanding actor should have killed himself when he was on top ofhis career.4 建议、命令、和要求等 ,谓语形式是“ (should)+动词原形”。 注：无论所在的句子是何种从句都用此种结构。常这样用的动词及其名词形式有：recommend 、request 、require 、advise 、propose、 desire、insist、suggest 、 command、order、1） I insistthat she (sh

8、ould) do her work alone.（宾从）2） They proposed that all the plans(should) be discussed at the meeting.（宾从）3） Mr. Smith has something urgent to attend to. Who do yousuggest(should ) substitutefor him at the meeting? （宾从）4） The teacher demanded that the monitor should see to it that all the students got

9、 themessage.（宾从）5） The children are required that under no circumstances should the door be kept unlocked.（宾从）6) The order that we received yesterday was that we should make preparations for the coming parade. （定从）7) It is desired that we should get everything ready by tonight. （主从）8) What do you th

10、ink of Mr Li sproposal that we should have a together next Friday? （同从）9) The old man s request is that his children should give him some money to live on every month. （表从）注 当 suggest 意为“暗示” ，insist 意为“坚持认为（一个事实） ”时，其后的宾语从句中不用虚拟语气。例如：1） Her face suggested (暗示 ) that she was ill. So I suggested (建议 )

11、 that she (should) be sent to the hospital immediately.2) He insisted（坚持认为） that he was right. 她坚持认为自己是对的。5. 动词 wish主句谓语Wish对 情况从句谓语从句谓语形式的虚拟现在过去将来动词的过去式（be 用 were）+ had 过去分词Could have +过去分词Could/should/would+ 动词原形注 主句中 wish 的各种时态都不影响从句的时态，从句连词1） I wish I were ten years younger.2） I wish I had gone

12、to the football match last night.3) I wish I could have talked to her then.4） He wishes you would go and visit him.that常常省去。6.as if, as though1) She looked after the orphan as if hewere her own child.2) They are talking as if they had been friends for many years.注 1 as if 从句的虚拟语气用进行时态时，表示动作正在进行，如：He

13、 heard a noise, as ifsomeone were breathing.注 2 在 It looks (seems, sounds) as if 后的从句中，如果接近事实的可能性大，也可用陈述语气，如：It looks as if it is going to rain.7would rather与现状或将来事实不符用动词的过去时，与过去事实不符用动词的过去完成时。1)I would rather he visited us today/tomorrow.2)I would rather he had visited us yesterday.3）Unlike the pare

14、nts who are always forcing their child to follow them, I would rather my sondidas he pleased.4)What a pity! I would rather I had taken the teacher s advice yesterday.5）Do you feel like going out for a change or would you rather we two had dinner at home?8 It is (high) time that + sb did (should do )

15、1)It is time that the boy should go to school.2)It is high time (that) the weather be improved.3） What a mess! It is time that your papers needed sorting out.9. if (only)条件从句，表达说话人的强烈愿望。如：1） If (only) she were my sister! 她要是我姐姐（就好了）！2） If only he had not left! 如果他没走（该多好啊）！10 用于表示祝愿的句子中Long live + 主语

16、！ 万岁 ! 长存！May you + 动词原形 !祝你11 In case, for fear (that) ,suppose, supposing, etc.Take an umbrella in case it should rain( it rains)Suppose you were on holiday and you had a really good novel that you had been looking forward to reading.Supposing you had just bought a new DVD player.I had to run away

17、 for fear that he might one day kill me.12.隐含在上下文中的虚拟语气、Anyone who had seen the painting might have taken it for a photo.Anyone in his position would have done that.What a pity! Five minutes earlier, and you could have caught the train.I m not sure if I would have had enough courage to refuse that.N

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