2017年中考英语考点总动员系列全套打包24

1、考点十六完形填空聚焦考点温习理解【复习要点】完形填空题是对学生英语语言知识与语言运用能力的一种测试。其考查的形式灵活，综合性较强， 要求考生能综合运用所学的知识在特定的语境中进行合理的推理判断，并能准确地从四个备选项中选出正 确答案，使补足后的短文结构完整，意义通畅。一.完形填空题的特点完形填空题能够较为准确地检查学生的各项知识水平和综合运用语言知识的能力。这种题型的主要考查内容为： 词语辨析、基本句型、基础语法；固定搭配与习惯表达；阅读理解能力和逻辑推理能力。近年来，完形填空题更侧重对语言应用能力、阅读理解能力的考查。完形填空题(cloze test)它有以下两大特点和规律：第一，一篇完形填

2、空题是一个有机的整体。尽管看起来形式上有残缺(若干个空)，但它的内容、语言习惯，句与句之间的衔接点，句子与段落 之间的联系，段落与段落之间的逻辑顺序仍或隐或现地存在于篇章之中。因此，在做完形填空题时，通读 全文、明了大意、理清观点、分清层次是十分重要的一步。考生解题时必须自始至终依托语境，注意上下文之间、词与词之间，从语法到意义的合理搭配。尤其要注意短文中承上启下的过渡词等，如 so, but, however, then, therefore, also等。 第二，完形填空题选材广泛。它涉及社会、政治、经济；文化、教育、历史、地理、科普知识、人物故事等。因此，考生做完形 填空题时，要快速通览

3、全文，了解文章概貌与各段落的中心意思，把握文章主旨脉络，掌握文章作者的意 图。二.完形填空题的设空规律为了对完形填空题的各种类型有一个深入的了解，探索一下该题型的设空规律是有必要的。上下文直接信息题：本类题的设置特点是，四个选项之间不存在词义区别和用法比较。考生应着眼于对上下文信息的捕捉和对上下文暗示的领会。如下列“考题 1”中的第7、8、9小题。 词、句、文三结合理解题：本类题的设置特点是：其中某一个或几个选项代入空白处会使句意不通或严重违背上下句意义的衔接或直接与短文内容不符，考生在做这类题时要对各选项的词义作准确的把握。如下列“考题1”中的第4、5小题。词义辨析题：本类题的设置特点是，各

4、选项代入空中后该句的语法都是正确的，但是句子出现了几种不同的含义。在做这类题时，考生要认真比较各词之间的细微差别。如下列“考题 1”中的第1、11、15小题。（4）语法知识和固定短语考查题：考生在解答本类题时要注意句子的语法结构要正确：如时态、语态等；对固定短语要注意其结构的完整性，如下列“考题1”中的第10小题。 行文逻辑和全文中心把握题：本类题的设空特点是：把各选项中的对象代入空格中可导致上下文之间出现因果关系、递进关系、转折关系、条件关系等。做本类题时，考生要注意全文的主线或脉络，仔细分析上下文之间的逻辑关系，从而准确地选出正确答案。三、完型填空之命题趋势剖析完型填空要求考生不仅要会运用

5、自己学过的词汇和语法知识妥善地处理好每个单句，理解语义，还要处理好单句之间以及单句完形填空题要求填入的词主要有：构成各种时态和用法区别的动词及短语动词；名词和介词；根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的形容词、副词、代词和连词；同义词八近义词等易混词。考查以实词为主，兼顾虚词和语法结构。难点主要集中在根据上下文作正确判断的词的用法上。1 .题材：以故事性题材居多，历年中考故事小品类题材比例超过50%,故事往往具有幽默性或富有哲理，其他还有科普小品、文化体育、风土人情、人物、史地等。2 .体裁：完形填空选文的体裁也值得一提，以记叙文居多，同样在近年中考考试中记叙文比例超过50%。其他还有说明文应用文、议

6、论文等。3 .命题形式：完型填空题 的两空之间一般相隔710个词，短文首尾句一般不设填空题，每句中只有一个空。4 .试题特点分析：分析近几年完型填空题可以发现以下一些规律：1）本题型设空以考查文意为主，也就是我们所说的 实词”一一名词、动词、形容词和副词等，比重极大，且有逐年增加的趋势。2）降低对单词本身词意的考查要求，以突出本题的主要测试目的：理解全文，通篇考虑，掌握大意，注重关联。3）增加了考查连词的题，涉及考生对于行文逻辑的掌握及文句之间关联的理解。4）注意结合文意考查对词语用法的掌握。主要涉及两个方面：词义辨析与惯用搭配。同义与近义词的比较分辨应当放到一定的语境之中才有意义。如果只是一

7、一对应地背记单词的中文意思，不注意具体语境中单词的确切含意，是难以分辨一 些词汇的细微差异的。5 .题目的类型可分为：1）语言知识型，如各种语法规则、句型、句式等；还包括词汇型，测试单词在 一定语境下的基本用法、习惯用法、常用搭配以及对其词义的记忆或其特定意义的理解和灵活运用。2）判断推理型，考查对篇章的整体理解、上下文段落的衔接、逻辑思维与判断推理能力。3）综合型，即对知识和能力综合运用的考查。四、完型填空之解题秘笈考试犹如打仗，方可谓 知己知彼，百战不殆。”在了解了出题的原则和规律.后，明白题目的考查点， 再配以好的解题方法和思路，做完型填空题就不会再是学生们过不去的槛。那么，做完型填空的

8、解题秘笈 和步骤是什么呢？在做完型填空题时，通常先弄清语境，并依据上下文进行合理的分析、判断，才能作出恰当的选择。 具体可分为以下三步：6 .通览全文，掌握大意。做题时，应先越过空档，通读全文，理顺题意，找出信息词。这是做好完形 填空题的关键。因为完型填空的特点是着眼于整体理解。我们如果把短文比作环环相扣的链条，那么由于 空格的设置，链条”从第二句起.有些地方就脱节了。有些同学习惯于提笔就填或边读边填，急于求成，然而，欲速则不达。由于完形填空属障碍性阅读，所以抓住文章的首句（段）和尾句（段），对把握文章的主旨和大意很有帮助，因为文章的首句是观察全文的窗口”，尾句是文章的总结、结论或点睛之笔，会

9、带给我们有益的启示，因此首先看一下文章的首句和尾句，使自己心中大概有个印象，我们应该依据首句给的启示，通过逻辑思维，借助短文中关键词所提供的信息，越过空档，尽快把全文读完，建立语言的整体感，帮助 我们了解短文大意。然后再去通读全文，不失为一个窍门。通读全文的方式也可因文而异，对较易把握大 意的文章可采用粗读、速读的方式；而对理解稍有吃力的文章不妨放慢读速、慎读，但不管怎样读，注意 力都应集中在文章的主线（或中心词卜了解文章内容，从而确定进行推断、选择的基本思路。如果一开始 就忙于见一空填一空， 势必无法从整体上把握全文概要，造成顾此失彼，既影响准确率，也影响做题速度。7 .先易后难，完成各项。

10、通览全文后，对文章有了整体印象，在此基础上，可以根据全文大意，展开 逻辑思维，分析这一空格处在句中的地位，前后的关系和它所起的作用，确定最佳答案。遇到困难，暂放 一边，先易后难，这是解题之道。当遇到难以判断的空档时，不妨先放一边，继续往下做。因为有些答案 是必须通过下文的理解后才能作出断定的。有时，前后信息之间还有相互提示作用。因此，当我们遇到难 题时，不能久久停留于此， 这样会浪费不必要的时间。本着先易后难的原则， 先根据上下文和自己的语感，推测部分空格的可能答案。然后，再结合选项逐一敲定。综合考虑指的是根据全文大意和词不离句、句不 离文的原则，把上下文的意思、句法结构、词类和语法功能、惯用

11、法、逻辑推理常识等各种因素加在一起 综合考虑，仔细推敲。要准确判断出题目的类型，语法知识类较多地表现为动词时态、语态的选用或句子 成分的辨识；词语知识方面的题目要从词性、词形区分，同义词语辨析、习惯搭配、习惯用语、结构词选 择等方面考虑；情景推理题要注重跳出句子层次，注意句间的结构、意义上的连接和照应关系，有时还应在段与段之间、情节与情节之间或更大范围内上下文照应，因此对短文作全景式”的总体把握对每一空的正确解答非常重要。注意句型、语法、词语搭配和习惯用法。8 .复读全文，消除疏漏。完成所有空档后，还要再次通读全文，看看这时的短文行文是否流畅，意义 是否连贯，逻辑关系是否合理。复查时，可从语法

12、入手，检查一下句子的时态、主谓一致、代词的性、数、 格以及词语的搭配等是否正确。凡遇疑点，必须根据文章的中心思想，从意义、语法的角度来仔细权衡， 除此之外，复读时对全篇文章的理解，检查全文是否前后贯通，再次将不合题意的答案调整或修改；如果 实在无法确定，可以作推理性猜测，不可放弃不填。名师点睛典例分类例1It is very important to stay heal thy. I have a neighbor. She is an old lady. She can do all the housework, _31_ newspapers, watch TV and search on

13、 the Internet to learn something new. I often see _32_ do Taijiquan in the morning and dance in the evening. She looks young and beautiful _33_ she is over seventy. Last week a reporter from a magazine interviewed her and asked _34_ she kept > so young and healthy. She replied with a smile:I have

14、 a secret of staying young and healthy. It is quite _35_ .Keep your mind active , take an interest in the world _36_ you, and learn at least one new thing every day. Try to do different kinds of housework and do sports as _37_ you can. Don' t think you are too old to go back to _38_. I know a ma

15、n who entered a medical college when he was 70 years old. He studied there for 6 years and now he is a doctor. Another man went to a tennis school at the age of 71 and now he is good at _39_ tennis. Some people may say staying young is easy only for those who live in the future. In fact, no matt er

16、how old you are, you can make it.Please tell the story to your family. It would be a good start to _40_ the lady ' s example. I hope all the people will stay young and healthy.31. A.lookB.readC.seeD.watch32. A.herB.himC.otherD.others33. A.thanB.sinceC.thoughD.because34. A.whatB.whyC.whoD.how35.

17、A.earlyB.dearC.easyD.late36. A.u nderB.aroundC.aboveD.between37. A.soonB.busilyC.hardlyD.often38. A.placeB.songC.schoolD.dance39. A.buyingB.losingC.sendingD.playing40. A.followB.giveC.makeD.bringBIt was one of the hottest days of the dry season. We had not seen 31 in almost a month. The crops were d

18、ying. If we didn ' t see some rain soon, we would lose everything.I was in the kitchen that day when I saw my son, Billy, walking toward the 32 . Trying to be as still as possible, he was obviously walking with great 33 . Minutes after he disappeared into the woods, he came running out again, to

19、ward the house. Moments later, however, he was once again walking in that 34 way toward the woods. I couldn ' t take it any longer 31nd I him.He was cupping both hands in front of him as he walked, being very 36 not to spill （ 溢出）the water he carried.As I came closer, I saw the most surprising s

20、ight. Several large deer stood infront of him.Billy walked right up to them. But the deer did not hurt him nor37 move as . yBilly kneltdown. And then I saw a baby deer lying on the ground, obviously thirsty, lift its head -to lap up thewater in my boy ' s hands. When the water was gone, Billy ju

21、mped up to run back to deer the house. I followed him back to a spigot （ 水龙头）.Billy opened it and let the drip slowly 38 up his " cup".When he stood up and began to turn back, I was there in front of him. His little eyes were filled with tears."I ' m not39 , " was all he said

22、. The week before, he had made the same troilib with our horses, which caused him a lecture from his father about the importance of not wasting water.This time, I 40 him, with a small pot of water from the kitchen. I let him take care of the baby deer alone for it was his job. As the tears that roll

23、ed down my face began to hit the ground, they were suddenly joined by other drops more drops and more. I looked up at the sky. All I can say is that the rain that came that daysaved our farm, just like the actions of one little boy saved another.31.A. windB. snowC. rainD.cloud32.A. woodsB. schoolC.h

24、ouseD.rivers33.A. surpriseB. effortC. doubtD. notice34.A. naturalB. obviousC. popularD. Unusual35. A. stoppedB. followedC. acceptedD. controlled36. A.carefulB.noisy37. A.everB.yet38. A. setB. fill39. A.interruptingB.joking40. A. receivedB. believedC. comfortableD. politeC. evenD. neverC. putD. place

25、C. complainingD. wastingC. joinedD. pushed【点睛】从完形填空题来看，难度不大，全部题目都属于句子层次。只要看懂了短文的意思，掌握了一些短语的固定搭配，再多做一些精选的练习，做好完形填空题是不难的。凡遇疑点，必须根据文章的中心思想，从意义、语法的角度来仔细权衡，除此之外，复读时对全篇文章的理解，检查全文是否前后贯通，再次将不合题意的答案调整或修改；如果实在无法确定，可以作推理性猜测，不可放弃不填。课时作业能力提升A thousand years ago, Hong Kong was covered by a thick forest. As more a

26、nd more people came to 56 inHong Kong, these trees were cut down and burnt. Now there is 57 forest left, though there are still some small areas covered with trees. We call these woods.Elephants, tigers and many 58.animals were living in the thick forest. When people came to live in HongKong, the _5

27、9 began to die out. Early farmers grew rice and _60_ pigs and chickens in the valleys. They cut down the trees and burnt them. They needed 61 to keep themselves warm in winter, to cook their food and to keep away the dangerous animals. Elephants quickly disappeared because there was not enough food

28、for them._62_ did most of the wolves and tigers. Monkeys and many other animals soon _63_in the same way.You might think that there are no longer any animals in Hong Kong _64 in the zoos. There are still about36 different animals 65 there. One of the most interesting of Hong Kong' animals is the

29、 barking deer.These are beautiful little animals with a rich brown coat and a white patch（ 补丁 ） under the tail. They look like deer , but they are much like a dog barking. There are now not many barking deer left. So it is important for people to protect wild animals.56.A. workB. studyB. a fewC. liv

30、e57.A.notC.no58.A.otherB.othersC.another59.A. thingsB.animalsC. plants60.A.grewB.madeC. kept61.A. fireB. stoves （炉子）C. heat62 .A. SoB. SuchC. As63 .A. livedB. diedC. left64 .A. besidesB. exceptC. beside65 .A. to liveB. livedC. livingBOne day a poor farmer was taking a bag of wheat to town. Suddenly

31、the bag fell his horse onto the road. He did not know what he could do about it because it was heavy that he couldn ' t lift it himself. He only hoped that someone would soon and lend him a hand. Just at this moment, a man a horse came up to him. But the farmer felt when he saw who he was. It wa

32、s the great man who lived nearby. He thought the great man wouldn ' t help him, and hopemer would come up. But to his , the great man got off his horse he came near, “I see you need help, " herecjidst the rigmt Kiene." Then he tookone end of the bag and the farmer took the other. They

33、lifted it together and put it on the horse.farmer, “ Howcan I1 pay you? " "It q uiteeasy. the greatman answered. "When yousee_in trouble, do thesame for him.A. fromB. downC. offD. overA. soB. tooC. toD. suchA. turn outB. pass byC. drop byD. walk alongA. is ridingB. rodeC. ridingD. rid

34、esA. disappointedB. excitedC.happyD. relaxedA. otherB. the otherC. anotherD. othersA. sadnessB. surpriseC. joyD. happinessA. as long asB. as soon asC. whileD. asA. atB. inC. onD. withA. anyone elseB. no one elseC. the other people D. othersCDear teacher,I was a student of yours in Grade Six , and I

35、hope you still remember me. I36 ' tms letter because Iwant to let you know that the school year with you was important and special to me.I know I 37 be very quiet in your class , and you never said much to me. But you did something thatmade a big 38 in my life. You see , all through my first yea

36、r in schools , I haled to read. Books were just words that had 39 to do with me , and I felt bored while reading them. I40 ll nevefirst day ofGrade Six when you look out a thick book and began to read the story to our class. It41 that your voicechanged with the people in the story , and you drew pic

37、tures in my mind as you read 42 . After that day , I always waited for the time that you read to the class. You 43 us all kinds of wonderful stories.During the summer after my year in your class , I missed the stories you read. So one day I picked up a book and 44 it all by myself. I found out that

38、I could make the wor ds 45 , too. Now , I love to read! Thank you for opening the world of books for me.Yours,Linda36. A. watchingB. readingC. writingD. getting37. A. usedB. used toC. was usedD. was used to38. A. differenceB. mistakeC. decisionD. progress39. A. nothingB. everythingC. somethingD. any

39、thing40. A. rememberB. knowC. forgetD. understand41. A. likedB. lookedC. looked likeD. seemed42. A. loudB. quietC. aloudD. silently43. A. toldB. wroteC. borrowedD. taught44. A. drewB. listened toC. readD. kept45. A. boringB. patientC. necessaryD. interestingDFriends or ExamsTina had two exams that d

40、ay. Physics was first and she hard physics , it was her worst 31 . Her friend Lily had promised to help her study for the physics exam. But for two weeks , Lily didnt answer any of her calls or messages. Tina was disappointed and angry.While taking the exam , Tina found it difficult to answer questi

41、on number five. She looked up and was surprised to see Lily holding her 32under the table and reading from it. Lily would get a good grade by cheating. It wasn t fair ! Tina felt really angry at Lily and even thought about telling the teacher. But what would everyone else think of her? Just then , M

42、r. Reed started to collect the exam papers. Oh no , Tina hadn t 33 it and she was going to fail again !At lunch time , Tina wanted to talk to Lily but couldn t find her. Tina thought about 34 the teacher, but everyone would hate her if she did that “It wasn t fair !” she thought Just then, Mr. Reed walked past her table "Mr. Reed” Tina 35 him.That afternoon , Tina was sitting behind Lily in the history exam. Lily didn t take her phone out. Maybe she didn t need to cheat