图表作文讲义

1、2.2.3 图表作文图表作文分为看图作文和看表作文两类。由于看图作文在四级考试中不常见，因此本书不作介绍。 写作方法： 首先 要熟悉图表的各种类型，了解他们的特点和作用。百分比Food24%Tobacco6%Housing13%Alcoholic drink6%Other goods9%Durablehousehold goods5%Services8%Clothing&footear8%Fuel Light&power7%14% Pie chart 使用来表示各种事物在总数百分之一百中所占的比例。（共时）Line Graph ，这种曲线图用来表示一种事物的上升和下降趋势（历时

2、）。Bar Chart 一般用来比较集中事物在同一时期上升或下降的情况。 Table 这种表格使用与表示多种事物间的相互关系。Family bank DepositsRMB (yuan)YearAverage family depositsTotal family deposits19841338130.5 billion19907869757.3 billion1999320002533.2 billion 其次，读懂图表中数字变化所体现的深层含义。要善于从众多的数字中抓住主要问题。给你的图表和数字并不是要求你进行简单的描写，而是要求你通过图表上的数字抓住所反映的社会问题进行评论。从数字中看

3、出主要问题的方法有两个：一是借助题目和指示里的要求来抓住主要问题。二是看一下图表中的哪些数字的前后变化最大。 最后，在表达的时候，对数字的运用要有针对性，不要把图表中的数字全描写出来。把所有的数字都写出来，往往会导致重点不分，主题不清。它通常的模式为 1. 对图表的描述2. 对图表的概括3. 对图表所做的结论或分析及原因。注意事项：1. 审阅图表要心细眼明，凡印在考卷上的可能都有用，不可遗漏任何一个有用信息。2. 对图表描述后的概括、发现或议论要注意符合图表本意，不可妄切断语，仅凭主观。3. 文章最后得出的结论要合乎情理。这种结论可以是归纳，也可以是对未来的预测。Family bank Dep

4、ositsRMB (yuan)YearAverage family depositsTotal family deposits19841338130.5 billion19907869757.3 billion1999320002533.2 billion对图表的描述：From the table, it is clear that the period 1984-1998 saw a great increase in family bank deposits in Chinas cities and towns. In 1984, the average family deposits w

5、ere 1338 yuan while in 1998 it rose sharply to 32,000 yuan. Compared with the total bank deposit in 1984, the amount in 1998 was 19.4 times as much as that year. 对图表的概括与分析 Several factors may contribute to/ give rise to/trigger this change. First, with the development of reform and open-up, the fami

6、ly income has greatly increased and people have more spare money to put in the bank. Second, people are no longer content to buy inexpensive appliances and they save money to purchase more expensive items. Thirdly, some families still consider depositing money in the bank is a good means of investme

7、nt. 对图表所作的结论From the above analysis, we can see clearly that as long as we adhere to reform and open-up policy, the family income will continue to increase and meanwhile the family will have more extra money deposit in the bank.常用的一些数字表达法： By comparison with 1999, it dropped from 10 to 5 percent.It

8、accounts for 15 percent of the total.The number was 15 per thousand, less than a half of the 1999 total.There were 26 traffic accidents in March, an increase of 2 percent in a three-month period. 常用词汇表达法：on the increase ( 上升中), remain steady/level/unchanged ( 保持平稳) , reach to the highest level (达到最高

9、水平)，Asia ranks first both in area and in population among the seven continents. Europe is second to Asia in population, but in area it is the last but one.As can be indicated in the table, the housing space in China has been increasing.As is revealed in the graph, 图表作文Has/ have undergone dramatic/sl

10、ight changes一、change1. increase(rise)a. sharply(soar)b. steadily2. decreasea. sharply(corrupt)b. steadily3. fluctuatea. fiercelyb. slightly二、no change(remain, stay) 掌握技巧a对表格、图形、数据、分类、横线、纵线及百分比等都代表什么必须了解清楚。还要关注相应的时间，以及这些数据的联系能够说明什么问题。b适当运用描述图表的规范用语。一定要适当引用图表，使你的文章“由图而发”，言之有据。c学会看趋势、找规律：从整体看图表有何发展变化，找

11、出特点、规律，d注意用数字获取信息：将代表发展趋势的数字变成文字，加以叙述-e抓典型，讲明原因：并不需描述、引用所有信息，只就典型数字说明原因及关系。尤其需要注意的是，图中所给数值中的极值，或者是曲线突然发生变化的地方，比如数据或百分比的大幅度增加或者减少，这里往往是所给图表的主旨所在。f必须按情理得出结论：基于图形、曲线所给事实，自然得出合乎情理的结论，做到自圆其说，具有说服力。遵照程序a审题和分析图表曲线。b将图表、数字变为信息，并列出提纲。c依题意分析，得出结论，并写出关键句。d按命题作文方式围绕关键句展开段落。在整个写作过程中，应注意三段式写法、Directions:Please wr

12、ite a composition based on the table given The Average Family Income and Expenses in USitems19801985 Income$12，000$16，000ExpenseFood18%22%Housing25% 32%Medical10%12%Entertainment7%7%Savings5%5%Others35%23%典型语篇示范：The table shows .In +年代， the average expense was distributed in the following way: % was

13、 spent on ， % on ， which accounted for . and take up % and % respectively. And 5% went to . The remaining % was channeled to .In+ 年代 ， the picture was slightly different .With increased/ decreased to ， the percentage of also took an upward/down ward turn. The percentage of family income remained the

14、 same，while dropped/ rose from % to %.It can be concluded from the above table that .图表式作文结构分析：It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of X1, Y rea

15、ches its peak value of (多少). What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are (多少) reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, (第一个原因). More importantly, (第二个原因). Most important of all, (第三个原因). From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will

16、 happen in the near future. The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).图表作文常用句型：用句型和结构，供参考。希望对考生在短时间内迅速提高写作能力有很大的帮助。鉴于目前写作部分一般都是图表图画+论说文这一情况，我们将在这里提供大量的描述图表或图画的句型和观点论证型的句型。表示“说明”的常用句式 在说明图表的时候，要使用下列表示“说明”的常用句式，它

17、们可以帮助读者弄清楚所引信息的出处，有效地将你要说的话带出来。1As we can see from the chartgraphtablediagrampicture，· 从图表图画中可以看出2The chartgraphtablediagrampicture showsdisplays that 如图所示·3As(can be)shown inAccording to the chartgraphtablediagrampicture' 如图所示·4The figuresstatistics in the chart reflectshowreveal

18、(that)· 图表中的数据表明 、5The chartgraphtablediagram illustratesdescribes· 图表描述了6It is clearapparent from the chartgraphtablediagrampicture that' 从图表图画我们可以清楚地看到表示“数据”的常用句式（共时）1··had the largest percentageproportion Of·. 在方面具有很大的百分比。2··account(s) fortakes up l0 which i

19、s times more than 占有10 是.的倍。3Compared with A，B has a higher percentage 与A相比，B有更高的比例。4On the top Of the list is·，which accounts for 60 占有比重最高的是，占有60 。5At the bottom is·，which takes up 20 占有最低比重的是，占有20 。6A is second to B A仅次于B。7A is rankedrated first，followed by B at 30 and C at 25 · 表示

20、“数据变化”的常用句式（历时） 在描述图表的过程中，考生有必要对图表的数据进行描述，因此，掌握相应地表示变化的句式也是相当重要的。a表示增加、减少和波动的常用结构1The number Of (private cars)increasedrose suddenlyrapidlydramaticallysubstantiallyconsiderablysharplysteeply fromto 从到期间，(私家车)的数量有了急剧的增长。2There was a suddenrapiddramaticsubstantialconsiderablesharpsteep increaserise in

21、 the number Of (private cars) fromto 从到期间，(私家车)的数量有了急剧的增长。3There was a boom in the number Of (private cars)fromto。 从到期间，(私家车)的数量有了急剧的增长。4The number Of(private Cars)climbedjumpedrose suddenlywent sharply upsoared toin 在(时间)，(私家车)的数量猛增到(辆)。5There was a(n)evidentapparentobvious increase infromto 从到期间，在

22、方面有明显的增长。6The number Of (private Cars)increasedrose steadilygradually fromto 从到期间，(私家车)的数量有了稳定持续的增长。7There was a steadygradual increaserise in the number Of(private Cars)fromto 从到期间，(私家车)的数量有了稳定持续的增长。&There was a slightslow increaserise in the number Of(private cars)fromto 从到期间，(私家车)的数量有了稍微缓慢的下降

23、。9The number Of(private cars)increasedrose slightlyslowly fromto 从到期间(私家车)的数量有了稍微缓慢的下降。10The number Of(private cars)decreasedfelldropped suddenlyrapidlydramatically substantiallysharplysteeply fromto 从到期间，(私家车)的数量有了急剧的下降。11There was suddenrapiddramaticsubstantialsharpsteep decreasedropreductiondecli

24、ne in the number Of(private cars)fromto 从到期间，(私家车)的数量有了急剧的下降。12There was a(n) evidentapparentobvious reductiondecline in，fromto 从到期间，在方面有明显的下降。13The number Of (private cars)dropped sharplywent sharply down toin 在(时间)，(私家车)的数量急剧下降到(辆)。 14The number Of (private Cars)increasedrose/byfromto 在·(时间)，

25、(私家车)的数量增加了百分之15The number Of (private cars)felldroppeddeclined byfromto 在(时间)，(私家车)的数量下降了百分之16There was a slight fluctuation in the number Of (private cars)fromto 从到期间，(私家车)的数量有轻微的波动。b 表示变化不大或没有变化的常用结构1The number Of (private Cars)remained steadystableconstant at betweenand 从到期间，(私家车)的数量保持稳定在。2The n

26、umber Of (private Cars) stayed the same betweenand 从到期间，(私家车)的数量并没有发生变化。3There was littlehardly any change in the number Of (private Cars)betweenandwhich is at 从到期间，(私家车)的数量并没有发生变化保持在。4The number Of (private cars) remained level betweenand 从到期间，(私家车)的数量趋于稳定。5The number Of (private cars)remained steady at approximately 从到期间，(私家车)的数量稳定在(辆)左右。6The number Of(private Cars)appeared to level off (私家车)的数量开始