literature,review,模板

1、竭诚为您提供优质文档 /双击可除第 i 页共 ii 页literature,review, 模板篇一：打印版 literaturereview 模板nuclearRadiationanditslong-termhealtheffect(yourtitle)thereisaconstantcontroversyastotheapplicationofnuclearpowerandrisksfromnuclearradiationeversincethechernobyldisaster.especiallythereleaseofsubstantialamountsofradiationinto

2、theatmospherefromjapansFukushimadaiichinuclearpowerplantin20 xxhastriggeredthewidespreadfearandconcernsoverrisksofradiationleaks,radiationexposure,andtheirimpactonpeopleshealth.thecommonsensicalandintuitiveresponseofthepublicisthatnuclearradiationismostlikelytocauseacancerorgeneticdiseases.manyresea

3、rchers,however,assuredthepublicthatthereisnosubstantialdangerasassumed,andnuclearpowerisnotasfearfulormenacingasitseemstobe.cohen(20 xx),blumenthal(20 xx)andbai(20 xx),forexample第2页共 11 页,citednumericalevidenceandresortedtoscientificfactstoillustratethatacertainlevelofnuclearradiationrisk swontposer

4、ealdangerifhandledproperlywiththecurrenttechnologyavailableorbyfollowingtheprescribedrules.theydoadmitthepossibilityofradiationinitiatingcertainkindsofdiseases,though.onlyexposuretohighdosesofradiationorlong-termlowdoseexposurecouldleadtoacutehealthproblems(bai20 xx).nevertheless,noteveryoneagrees.c

5、ornelio(20 xx),ontheotherhand,holdsthatnuclearradiationismostlikelytothreatenpeople shealthbycontaminatingmilk,vegetables,andrainwater.theliteratureontherelationshipbetweenradiationandhealthlargelyfocusedonthemanageabilityofnuclearrisksandplayeddownthedamagethatnuclearradiationislikelyto cause.there

6、searchesgenerallytookadetourastowhetherthereisanysolidevidencetobearoutthelong-termhealthimpactofnuclearradiation.thereneedstobemorewell-groundedstudiesonthecorrelationbetweenradiationandhealth,andonthepossiblelong-termhealtheffectsinordertoaddresstheconcernsofthegeneralpublic.besides,wealsoneedtoan

7、s werquestionslike“ whyisthereadisparitybetweenthecommonsensicalfeelingofthepublicandtheexplicationofferedbyexpertsconcerningnuclearradiationandhealth ”“ ,arescientistsbiasedandusethefactsandstatisticstotheirfavor ” and“ istherealong-termnegativehealthimpactifonetakesmoderatedosesofnuclearcontaminat

8、edfoodoveralongperiod”题目小二字体小四如果是 400 字数刚好，最下面还有一点空间写下名字。第二种文献综述，带个人主观观点的。个别特殊情况可以根据具体的字数再更改字体大小欢迎补充建议篇二：literatureReview( 样本)literatureReview1.theimportanceofreadinginenglishlearninginlanguagelearning,readingisregardedasamajorsourceofinput,andformanyeFllearnersitisthemostimportantski llinanacademic

9、context(grabe1991).inaddition,readingcanhelplearnersexten第 3 页共 11 页第4页共 11 页hecontextofchina,aschineseeFllearnersarelearningthetargetlanguageinanacquisition-poorenvironment,theyneedallthemoretodependonreadingforlanguageandcultureimmersion.and,whatismore,thereisan

10、othernecessitytochineseeFllearne rs readingforexaminations(zhou20 xx).itisobviousthatreadingmakesupalargeproportionofthetotalscoresinimportantenglishproficiencytestsatvariouslevelssuchastestofenglishasaForeignlanguage(toeFl),internationalenglishlanguagetestingsystem(ielts),collegeenglishtestband4(ce

11、t-4),collegeenglishtestband6(cet-6),testforenglishmajorsband4(tem-4),testforenglishmajorsband8(tem-8)(pu20 xx).therefore,readingisconsideredanessentialandprerequisiteabilityonthepartofenglishmajors.2.thereadingprocess2.1thenatureofreadingReadingcomprehensionbeginsatthesmallestandsimplestlanguageunit

12、sandeachsingleword,sentenceandpassagecarriesitsownmeaningindependentlywhichhasnodirectlinkwiththereader(chomskycitedinzhangsmith1971,citedinsi第5页共 11 页lberstein20 xx:6).Fromthisperspective,readingcanbetakenasaninteractiveactivity(eskey1988;grabe1993,citedinhedge20 xx:188)whichcanbeunderstoodtobeacom

13、plexcognitiveprocessinwhichthereaderandthetextinteractto(re)createmeaningfuldiscourse(silberstein20 xx:x).itisinatleasttwoways .Firstly,thevariousprocessesinvolvedinreadingarecar riedoutsimultaneously.secondly,itisinteractiveinthesensethatlinguisticinformationfromthetextinteractswithinformationactiv

14、atedbythereaderfromhislong-termmemory,asbackgroundknowledge(grabetofollowinstructionstoperformatask;forpleasure,amusement,andpersonalenjoyment;tokeepintouchwithfriendsandcolleagues;toknowwhatishappeningintheworld;andtofindoutwhenandwherethingsare(Riversandtemperley1978:187,citedinhedge2 0 xx:195).be

15、sidesthese,readingisacriticalprocess.crit(literature,review, 模板)icalreadingviewsreadingasasocialengagement(kress1985,citedinhedge20 xx:197).Formthisviewpoint,textsareorganizedincertainwaysbywriterstoshapetheperceptionsofreaderstowardsacceptanceoftheunderlyingideologyofthetext(hedge20 xx:197).soitist

16、heprocessforthereaderstoevaluatethewritersattitudesorviewpoints.2.2threecomponentsofreading2.2.1languagecompetencemanyresearchershavepointedoutthatl2learnersmustreachacertainlevelofsecondlanguagecompetencebeforetheycansmoothlyreadinthetargetlanguage(seegrabeRumelhartRumelhart1980,citedinzhang20 xx).thereaderbeginswiththeperceptionofgraphiccues,butoncethesearerecognizedasfamiliar,schemataderivedfrombothlinguisticknowledgeandknowledgeoftheworldingeneralarebroughtintoplay(parry1987:61,citedinqian1997).sowordsintextsfunctionassignswithinacultu