初中音标第十三节

1、late-night午夜场的；午夜时段的edy笑话，喜剧n.put on穿上，戴上v.Most evenings, (before watching late-night comedy or reading emails) (on his phone), Matt Nicoletti puts on a pair of orange-colored glasses (that he bought) (for $8) (on the Internet). 【带橘黄眼镜】in穿着I am in red today.我今天穿着橘红色ridiculous荒谬的，滑稽的adj.consul

2、t咨询v.consultant顾问n.insist坚持，坚信，坚持认为v.block阻挡v.wave波浪n.length长度n.certain特定的，一定的adj.wavelength波长n.emit发射v.electric电气的adj.electronic电子的adj.(电子更发达，所以单词长)screen屏幕 My girlfriend thinks (I look ridiculous) (in them), he said. But Mr.Nicoletti, a 30-year-old consultant (in Denver), insists (that the glasses

3、), (which can block certain wavelengths) (of light) (emitted) (by electronic screens), make it easier (to sleep). 【阻挡特定光，更容易睡觉】study研究n.show证明v.option选项n.expert专家n.caution警告n.few几乎没有，几乎不（可数）little几乎没有，几乎不（不可数）adequate足够的adj.（add加+equal相等+ate后缀）effectiveness有效性n.solution解决方法n.solve解决v.avoid避免v.light点

4、燃v.（lit）Studies have shown (that such light), especially (from the blue part) (of the spectrum) (光谱), inhibits the bodys production (of melatonin)(褪黑激素)，(which helps people fall asleep). Options arc growing (for blocking blue light), (though experts caution) (that few have been adequately tested) (f

5、or effectiveness) and the best solution remains avoiding brightly lit electronics at night. 【蓝光阻挡褪黑素、影响入睡】Swiss瑞士的adj.Swiss made瑞士制造journal期刊adolescent青少年show证明v.prevent阻止v.suppression抑制n.significant明显的，至关重要的adj.sleepy困的adj.tend to do 倾向于做某事intend to do打算做某事on average平均monitor班长n. 监控v.lab实验室 A Swiss

6、 study (of 13 teenage boys), (published)(in August) (in The Journal) (of Adolescent Health) showed (that) (when the boys wore orange-colored glasses), (also known) (as blue blockers) and (shown) (to prevent melatonin suppression), (in the evening) (for a week), they felt significantly more sleepy (t

7、han) (when they wore clear glasses). The boys looked (at their screens), (as teenagers tend to do), (for at least a few hours) (on average) (before going to bed), and were monitored (in the lab). 【研究证明戴橘黄色眼镜有助于睡眠】adult成年人n.affect影响v.effect效果n.quality质量n.considerably可观的adj.relative相关control group控制组n

8、.lenses眼镜片n. Older adults may be less affected (by blue light), experts say, but blue light remains a problem (for most people), and an earlier study (of 20 adults) (aged 18 to 68) found (that those) (who wore orange-colored glasses) (for three hours) (before bed) improved their sleep quality consid

9、erably relative (to a control group) (that wore yellow-colored lenses), (which blocked only ultraviolet(紫外线)light). 【蓝光是问题】device设备smart phone智能手机tablet平板电脑tend to倾向于emit发射v.increasingly越来越adv.= more and morebulb电灯泡n.theory理论n.increase增加v.decrease减少n.exposure暴露n.swear起誓v.swear by对发誓；发誓效忠 LEDs (used)

10、 (in devices) (such as smart phones, tablets and televisions) tend (to emit more blue light) (than incandescent products)（白炽产品). LEDs are also increasingly popular (as room lights), but warm white bulbs, (with less blue), tend (to be a better choice) (than cool white) (for nighttime use). The lighti

11、ng company Philips also makes a reduced-blue LED bulb, (meant) (to be used) (before bedtime).(In theory), anything (that will decrease that blue light exposure) (at night) will be helpful. said Christopher Colwell, a scientist (at the UCLA), I know some gamers (who swear by those orange-colored glas

12、ses). 【LED发蓝光，不好】get rid of XX 摆脱XXand然后intensity强度n.brand品牌n.undergo经历n.independent testing独立测试n.aid帮助，协助，辅助v.First Aid急救n. But orange glasses are not a panacea(万能药). Dr.Skene said.It isnt just getting rid of the blue and everythings fine, she said. The intensity of light, (in addition to color), c

13、an affect sleep, she said, and not all brands (of orange-colored glasses) have undergone enough independent testing (for their ability) (to aid sleep).【橘黄眼镜不万能】sunlight太阳光n.contain包含v.direct指导v.direction方向n.director主任；主管；指挥n. (During the daytime), experts say, exposure (to blue light) is good. Best

14、of all is sunlight, (which contains many different wavelengths) (of light).Thats (what our brain knows), said Kenneth P.Wright Jr., director (of the sleep and chronobiology (生物钟学) lab) (at the University of Colorado, Boulder). 【白天蓝光好】Things can be different. 事情/情况可能是不同的participant参加者n.participate参加v

15、.camp露营v.normal正常的adj.prepare准备v.earlier更早n.A 2013 study (he led), (published) (in the journal Current Biology), showed just (how different things can be) (without nighttime lights). (After participants had camped) (in the mountains) (for a week), their bodies began (to prepare) (for sleep) (about t

16、wo hours earlier) (than normal). 【没有夜晚光，情况不一样】short of 缺少advisable建议的，值得被推荐的adj.rather than= instead of而不是dim暗adj. 把.调暗v.amount量n.make a lot of different带来很大的不同Short of cutting out all evening electronics, experts say, its advisable (to use a small screen) (rather than a large one); dim the screen a

17、nd keep it as far away from the eyes as possible; and reduce the amount (of time) (spent) (reading the device). 【用小屏、离远点儿、减时间】 (If you can look) (at the iPhone) (for 10 minutes) (rather than three hours), that makes a lot of difference, Dr.Skene said.nothing but 只有：I want nothing but love. 我只想要爱。nob

18、ody but 只有：I love nobody but you. 我只爱你。（but=only）63.What does the underlined word inhibit in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A.prevent B.promote C.project D.process64.Which of the following statements is true?A.The older a person is, the less he or she will be affected by blue light.B.The exposure to the

19、 blue light does nothing but harm to the human body.C.Traditional lighting companies are facing a dead end (due to backward technology).D.All brands of orange-colored glasses are not reliable (for their ability) (to aid sleep).注意：all和not只要同在一个句子中出现，就表示“不完全否定”65.What are the contributing factors of a

20、 better nights sleep?Limited screen time before bed.A pair of color glasses.A small-sized screen of electronics.A place without nighttime lights.Devices with LED backlighting. A. B. C. D. 66.The purpose of this article is to_.A.advertise a brand of orange-colored glasses which can block blue lightB.

21、question the effectiveness of orange-colored glasses on the marketC.introduce a kind of orange glasses that may help people sleep betterD.teach readers about the most effective ways to have a better sleep答案 63-66 ADDCquiet安静的adj.quite相当adv.centimeter厘米n. cent美分(1/100美元)n.meter米from离开，从far away from

22、离远die of死于内在原因die from死于外在原因search寻找v.research研究v.researcher研究人员n.spot点n. 看见，发现v.stare盯着v. （死盯着）remove移开v.replace替代v.space空间n. 放置v.place地点n. 放置v.focus焦点n.present呈现vt. 出现vi. 当下n. 礼物n.科技文：实验对象实验过程实验结论They baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert (警觉). Twenty centi

23、meters (from her face) researchers have placed a white card (with two black spots) (on it). She stares (at it) carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it (by another), (this time) (with the spots) (differently spaced). (As the cards change) (from one) (to the other), her gaze(凝视) start

24、s (to lose its focus) (until a third), (with three black spots), is presented. Her gaze returns; she looks (at it) (for twice as long) (as she did) (at the previous card). Can she tell (that the number two is different from three), just 24 hours (after coming) (into the world)?newborn新生儿n.simply仅仅pr

25、efer A to B更喜欢A（相对于B）slightly轻微的，稍微的adj.object物体b梳子（扣在脑袋上的一块木头）and so on等等affect影响v.effect效果n.separate分开的adj.pattern式样，模式n.square小方块n.random随机的adj.repeat重复v.excite使兴奋v.exciting令人兴奋的adj.excited感到兴奋的adj.drumbeat鼓点n.Or do newborns simply prefer more (to fewer)? The same experiment, but (with three

26、 spots) (shown) (before two), shows the same return (of interest) (when the number of spots changes). Perhaps it is just the newness? (When slightly older babies were shown cards) (with pictures) (of objects) (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number (of objects) had an effect separa

27、te (from changing the objects themselves). Could it be the pattern (that two things make), (as opposed to three)? No again. Babies paid more attention (to squares) (moving randomly) (on a screen) (when their number changed) (from two to three), or (from three to two). The effect even crosses (betwee

28、n senses). Babies (who were repeatedly shown two spots) became more excited (when they then heard three drumbeats) than (when they heard just two); likewise (同样地) (when the researchers started) (with drumbeats) and moved (to spots).60. The experiment (described) (in Paragraph 1) is related (to the b

29、abys_).A. sense of hearingB. sense of sightC. sense of touchD. sense of smell61. Babies are sensitive (to the change) (in_).A. the size of cardsB. the color of picturesC. the shape of patternsD. the number of objects62. Why did the researchers test the babies (with drumbeats)?A. To reduce the diffic

30、ulty of the experimentB. To see how babies recognize sounds.C. To carry their experiment furtherD. To keep the babies interest63. Where does this text probably come from?A. Science fiction.B. Childrens literature.C. An advertisement.D. A science report.Bcut inline插队hire雇佣n.fire解雇v.purchase购买v.privil

31、ege优势n., say,比方说airline航空公司n.amusement park游乐场deal交易n.replace替代v.moral道德n.queue队n.replace A with B 替代A用B Weve considered several ways (of paying) (to cut inline): hiring line standers, buying tickets (from scalpers) (票贩子), or purchasing line-cutting privileges directly from, say, an airline or an am

32、usement park. Each of these deals replaces the morals (of the queue) (waiting your turn) (with the morals) (of the market) (paying a price for faster service). 【用市场法则替代排队法则】allocate分配v.appropriate合适的per合适的adj.appeal呼吁，诉求v.ignore忽略v.privilege特权n.power权力，力量n.pocket口袋n. Markets and queuespaying

33、and waitingare two different ways (of allocating things), and each is appropriate (to different activities). The morals (of the queue), “First come, first served,” have an egalitarian(平等主义的) appeal. They tell us (to ignore privilege, power, and deep pockets). 【排队的道德】The principle seems right on play

34、 grounds and at bus stops. But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions. If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because its the first. Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities, properly governed by different

35、standards. 【市场的道德】Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply. Think of the recorded message you hear, played over and over, as you wait on hold when calling your bank: “Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.”This is essential for the morals

36、of the queue. Its as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness. 【采用哪个】 But dont take the recorded message too seriously. Today, some peoples calls are answered faster than others. Call center technology enables companies to “score” incoming calls and to give faster service to tho

37、se that come from rich places. You might call this telephonic queue jumping. 【技术】 Of course, markets and queues are not the only ways (of allocating things). Some goods we distribute by merit, others by need, still others by chance. However, the tendency of markets to replace queues, and other non-m

38、arket ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore. It is striking that most of the paid queue-jumping schemes weve consideredat airports and amusement parks, in call centers, doctors offices, and national parksare recent developments, scarcely imaginable t

39、hree decades ago. The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern, but these are not the only places that markets have entered.【各种分配方法】58. According to the author, which of the following seems governed by the principle “First come, first served”?A. Taking buses.B. Buying

40、houses.C. Flying with an airline. D. Visiting amusement parks.59. The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates .A. the necessity of patience in queuing B. the advantage of modern technologyC. the uncertainty of allocation principle D. the fairness of telephonic services60. T

41、he passage is meant to .A. justify paying for faster services B. discuss the morals of allocating thingsC. analyze the reason for standing in line D. criticize the behavior of queue jumpingCIf a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen(氮) dissolved(溶解) in his blood is suddenly l

42、iberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubbles (气泡)accumulate in a joint, is sharp pain and a bent bodythus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death. Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression(减压) sickness if they s

43、urface too fast: whales, for example. And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs. That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes

44、 to the point of collapse. Fossil (化石)bones that have caved in on them-selves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends. Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he part

45、icularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the worlds natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretace

46、ous periods.When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the be

47、nds before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen(标本) showed evidence of that sort of injury. If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quicklyand, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was

48、 evolution in other animals that caused the change. Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (捕食动物) such as a large shark. One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lu

49、nches. Triassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully shark- and crocodile-free. In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they were prey(猎物) as well as predatorand often had to make a speedy exit as a result.61. Which of the following is a typica

50、l symptom of the bends?A. A twisted body.B. A gradual decrease in blood supply.C. A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.D. A drop in blood pressure.62. The purpose of Rothschilds study is to see_ .A. how often ichthyosaurs caught the bendsB. how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompressionC. why ichthyosau

51、rs bent their bodiesD. when ichthyosaurs broke their bones63. Rothschilds finding stated in Paragraph4 _.A. confirmed his assumption B. speeded up his research processC. disagreed with his assumption D. changed his research objectives64. Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs_.A. failed t

52、o evolve an anti-decompression meansB. gradually developed measures against the bendsC. died out because of large sharks and crocodilesD. evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost itDMark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel. And he surely deserves additional praise: the

53、man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.I say clever because anti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War. H. B. Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin is only the most famous example. These early stories dealt directly with slavery. With min

54、or exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely. He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.Again and again, in the postwar years, Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race. Con

55、sider the most controversial, at least today, of Twains novels, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn, Twains most widely read tale. Once upon a time, people hated the book because it struck them as rude. Twain himself wrote th

56、at those who banned the book considered the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums(贫民窟).” More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim, the escaped slave, and many occurrences of the word nigger. (The term Nigger Jim, for which the novel is often severely criticized, never appears in i