高中英语名词性从句详解

1、名词性从句【名词性从句】相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因 此，名词性从句分为才语从句、表语从旬、宾语从何和同位从旬。人簧语从句一一在复合句中作主句及物动词的宾语，也可作介词或 某些形容词的宾语1.连接词从属连词that whether if不担任成分 只起连接作用.+既担任成分，又起连接作who whom whose what 用关系代词which.、石 件ft小、右左王语，兵语或表语等关系副词when where why how既担任成分，又起连接作 用常担任状语I think (that) you will like the pictures.He has becom

2、e what he wanted to be ten years ago.I don ' t knowhy Jane was late for school this morning.The teacher is pleased with what she said. I'm afraid that I can't go to the party.2.注意事项由that引导的宾语从句（that通常可以省略）。但如从句是并列句时，第二个分 句前的that不可省。He told me （that） he was ill and that he would not come

3、to the party.陈述语序I want to know what he has told you.She will give whoever needs help a warm support.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应。当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一 般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理， 自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。否定转移若主语谓语动词为 think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess,

4、 imagine, 其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语 用目止式。I don ' t think this dress fits you well认为这件衣服不适合你穿。形式宾语it常可以放在动词think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作为形式宾语.it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语-that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。We often hears it that travel boarden the mind.I made it clear that I was

5、determined to carry out the plan.I consider it necessarythat we should spend more time practising spoken English.We think it possible that the young master at least two foreign languages.某些动词后面，宾语从句的谓语要求用虚拟。这类动词常见的有：command （命令），demand （要求），desire （希望）,insist （坚持）,order （命令）,propose （提议）,recommend （

6、推荐）,request （要求）, require （要求）,suggest （建议）等。He proposed that we （ should ） set a dead line for the complement of the plan .他提议拟定一个执行计划的期限士 展语从句一在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在动词之后 般结构是 主语+系动词+表语从句。? 可以接表语从句的系动词有 be, look, remain, seemly。?引导表语从句的that常可省略。? 另外，常用的还有 the reason why is that 和 It is because 等结构1) . T

7、he question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) . This is why we can ' t get the support of the people.3) . But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) . The reason he is late for school is that he missed the bus.注意事项：I?表语从句一定要用陈述语序。?不可以用if,而用whether连

8、接表语从句(as if例外)。?不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一 致。? that在表语从句中不可以省掉。小试牛刀：在以下从句中填入合适的连接词、并指出是何种从而1. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is I disagree.2. The road is covered with snow. I can' t understand they insist on goingon motor-bike.3. The other day, my brother drove his

9、car down the street at I thought wasa dangerous speed.4. Along with the letter was his promise he would visit me this comingChristmas.5. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn' t matterI ' m talking to.6. Parents are taught to understand important education is to their c

10、hildrenfuture.7. These wild flowers are so special I would do I can to save them.8. I read about it in some book or other, does is matter it was?9. Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game.10. The poor young man is ready to accept help he can get.dI主语从句-从句在整个句子中充当主语的成分主语从句一般有三种结构

11、：1 .主语从何+谓语That_she_will_win_the_match is certain.2 .主语从何+形容词（名间词组、过去分词） +that从旬? It is important that we teens should learn English.? It is a good news that he will attend the meeting on behalf of our school.? It is said that our school will hold a sports meeting3 . It +seem （happen , appear 等不及物动词

12、）+that 从旬It seems that Katy is not coming to this party.率|同位语从句-在句中作同位语，它一般要放在主句中某些名词I丁|后面，说明这些名词的含|可跟同位语从句的名词主要有：fact, news, promise, reason, idea, hope, word,belief |等。如： We heard the news that our team had won.注意事项：定从与同位语从句的区别，不要混淆哦!一、先行词1 .定语从句的先行词是名词或代词；而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词， 而且仅限于 idea, plan , fact,

13、 theory , promise, hope, news, doubt, truth , information , suggestion, question, thought, belief, conclusion 等少数名词。 例如： The boy who is playing football is my classmateThose who work hard will succeed.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybodyThe fact that you are talking about is im

14、portantt在句中，划线部分是定语从句，其先行词是名词boy,它不能用作同位语 从句的先行词。在句中，划线部分也是定语从句，其先行词是代词those,代词不能用作同位语从句的先行词。在句中，划线部分是同位语从句，其先行词是名词fact,它同样可以用作定语从句的先行词，句便是一例。由以上分析可见，同位语从句的先行词一定可以用作定语从句的先行词，但定语从句的先行词不一定能用作同位语从句的先行词。2 . when, where, why引导的定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间、地 点和原因的名词，而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则肯定不是表示时间、地 点和原因的名词。例如： I still rem

15、ember the day when I first came to Beijing. I have no idea when she will be back在句中，划线部分是 when引导的定语从句，其先行词 day是表示时间的 名词；在句中，划线部分是 when引导的同位语从句，其先行词idea则不是表 示时间的名词二、引导词定语从句和同位语从句共同的引导词有四个：that, when, where, why。下面把四个引导词分成两类说明它们在两种从句中的不同用法。1 .引导词that引导定语从句的that叫做关系代词，它除了起连接作用，还在定语从句中充 当一定成分，并且在意义上代表先行

16、词；引导同位语从句的 that叫做从属连词， 它只起连接作用。例如： The news that you told me yesterday was really exciting We heard the news that our team had wo n在句中，划线部分是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，在意义上指代先行 词news。在句中，划线部分是同位语从句，that没有任何意义，只起连接作用。2 .引导词 when, where, why引导定语从句时，它们叫做关系副词，在从句中充当状语，可以转换成"介词+关系代词”的形式；引导同位语从句时，它们叫做连接副词，在从句中充

17、当 状语，但不能转换成"介词+关系代词”的形式。例如： I will never forget the day when I joined the army. We have no idea when she was born在句中，划线部分是定语从句，when在从句中作状语，它可以转换成 on which的形式；在句 中，划线部分是同位语从句，when在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成"介词+关系代词”的形式。 This is the house where I lived two years ago He put forward to the question where

18、the meeting would be hel d在句中，划线部分是定语从句，where在从句中作状语，它可以转换成in which的形式；在句中，划线部分是同位语从句，where在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成"介词+关系代词”的形式。 This is the reason why she will not attend the meeting The teacher had no idea why Jack was abse nt在句中,划线部分是定语从句,why在从句中作状语,它可以转换成forwhich的形式；在句中，划线部分是同位语从句，why在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成

19、"介词+关系代词”的形式。PS:同位语从句可以不紧跟在它解释说明的名词后面，而被其他的词隔开。E.g. The thought came to him that maybe she had already left the city.测试性评价：填入适当的连接词，并判定是定语从句还是名词性从句1. The fact he used to be a thief is known to all.2. We were surprised by the fact she told us.3. The next thing must be done is to make a plan.4. W

20、ord came our army had won the battle.5. The president has given an order everyone in the country should preparefor a war might last for several years.6. We ve just heard a warning on the radio a hurricane iseily to come.7. There is no doubt he has told a lie.8. You have no idea anxious I was.9. The

21、coat is in the place you left it.10. Then arose the question about we were to get the machines needed.!名词性从句5大考点归纳:考点 1:区别 that , what 与 whichWhat he said makes me happy.That a new teacher will come is true .that只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任何成分，且在宾语从句中有时可省。what既起连接作用，又在从句中作 主语宾语，表语（且在名词性从句中只有what可作 表语）小试牛刀：1.

22、 we can ' t get sebmer than we have.2. China is no longer it used to be.3. There were even some grandparents who came to see it was all about.4. It is widely accepted the earth goes around the sun.5. The problem is we can ' t finish tihetiwork6. We express the hope they will come to visit Ch

23、ina again.7. . A modern city has been set up in was a wasteland ten years ago.8. At last the soldiers reached the locals called the Three Gorges.考点 2. 区别if 与 whether? 1. I don' t know I be 什ee tomorrow.? 2. I don ' t know or not I ' toirberfcae.? 3. The question is this book is worth wri

24、ting.? 5. It depends on we will have enough money.? 6.they can do it matters little to us.? 7._ you are not free tomorrow, I，ll go without you.自我小结：只能卷用 whether的情况|1. we ' ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.2. The argument we ' ll have a sports meeains to be settled.3. It all depe

25、nds on they will support us.4. He doesn ' t know to stay or not.5. We didn ' t know or not she was ready.考点 3. what,whatever,who,whoeverwhoever、whatever_等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个 定语从句，而who、whatever_等引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义。? 1.was said here must be kept secret.? 2.we need is more time.? 3.has taken

26、away my bag is unknown.? 4.breaks the law will be punished.No matter who destroys the forest will be punished.不）Whoever destroys the forest will be punished .（正）跨点4 : it作形式主语，形式宾语用it作形式主语的结构It is +名词+从句It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that非常荣幸It is common knowledge that 是常识It is +形容词+从句It is nat

27、ural that很自然It is strange that奇怪的是It is +不及物动词 +从句It seems that 彳以乎It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 彳以乎 It + 过去分词 + 从句It is reported that 据报道It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说小试牛刀： Can you understand them?It is reported/ thought/said that?It is clear/necessary/certainthat? It is a pit

28、y/a shame/an honor that? It doesn ' t matter whether ? It seems that ? It happens that ?it作形式宾语|I hate it when people laugh at the disabled .练习：1 .改错：I ' vgot to make clear that he told a lie.2 . I like in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.A. thisB. thatC. itD. one3 .他发现很难使别人理解

29、他.He found.由点5语序问题：从句一定用陈述语序高考链接：1. The photographs will show you.A. what does our village look likeB. what our village looks likeC. how does our village look likeD. how our village looks like2. You can hardly imagine when he heard the news .A. how he was excitedB. how was he excitedC. how excited h

30、e wasD. he was how excited3. I ' d like to know to her.A. what do you think has happened B. do you think what has happenedC. what you think has happenedD. you think what has happened练习名词性从旬一、判断下列各旬哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：一1. China is no longer what it used to be.2. The truth that the earth turn aroun

31、d the sun is known to all.3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.7. That is w

32、here Lu Xun used to live.8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.二、用适当的连词填空：1. I can ' t decide dictionary I should buy.2. That ' s he refused my invitation.3. I

33、 am very interested in he has improved his pronunciation in such ashort time.114.we need is more time.5. The fact she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.6. and they will meet has not been decided yet.7. Please tell me you are waiting for.8. Is that you are looking for?9. Would

34、you please tell methe nearest post office is?10. I don ' t know he will agree to theqplaiot.三、60题专练突破：一1. Do you see I mean?A. thatB./C. howD. what2. Tell me is on your mind.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. why3. We must stick to we have agreed on.A. whatB. thatC. /D. how4. Let me see.A. that can I repa

35、ir the radioC. I can repair the radio 5. Keep in mind.A. that the teacher saidC. that did the teacher say D.6. Could you advise me?A. which book should I read firstB. whether -I can repair the radioD. whether can I repair the radioC. what did the teacher say what the teacher saidD. what book should

36、I read firstC. that book 1 should read first D. which book I should read first 7. He was criticized for .A. he had done it B. what he had doneC. what had he done D. that he had done it8. Would you kindly tell me ?A. how can I get to the Beijing Railway StationB. how I can get to the Beijing Railway

37、StationC. where can I get to the Beijing Railway StationD. whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station9. Mrs. Smith was very much impressed by .A. what had she seen in ChinaC. what she had seen in China10. We took it for granted _A. that they were not comingC. they were coming not11. I really d

38、on't know A. I should do nextC. what I should do next12. I'm afraid .B. that she had seen in ChinaD. which had she seen in ChinaB. that were they not comingD. were they not coiningB. what should I do nextD. how I should do nextA. the little girl will have to be operated onB. that will the li

39、ttle girl have to operate onC. the little girl will have to operate onD. that will the little girl have to be operated on 13. She walked up to .A. where did I standC. I stood there14. Can you tell me ?A. who is that gentlemanC. who that gentleman is15. We'll give you .A. that do you needC. whate

40、ver you need16. They want us to know _B. where I stoodD. where I stood thereB. that gentleman is whoD. whom .is that gentlemanB. what do you needD. whether do you need to help us.A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they 17. We must put into practice.A. what we have learned B

41、. that we have learnedC. that have we learnedD. what have we learned18. Did she say anything about ?A. that the work was to be doneB. how was the work to be doneC. that was the work to be doneD. how the work was to be done19. He was never satisfied with .A. what she had achievedB. had what she achie

42、vedC. she had achievedD. that she achieved20. These photographs will show you .A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks likeC. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like21. Peter insisted he pay the bill.A. on thatB. whatC. thatD. on which22. They urged the libr

43、ary open during the vacation.A. whenB. whereC. whyD. that23. We wish we could have learned when we were at high school.A. what you didB. that you had doneC. that what you didD. what did you do24.1 will describe to you I saw when there.A. whatB. thatC. which D./25. From I should say he is a good work

44、er.A. what 1 know of himB. that I do know of himC. what do I know of himD. that do I know of him26. I will give this dictionary to _ wants to have it.A. whomever B. anyone C. whoever D. someone27. they will come here hasn' t been decided yet.A. WhatB. ThatC. When D. Where28. was said here must b

45、e kept secret.A. WhoB. The thing C. Whatever D. Where29. It is still a question we shall have our sports meet.A. ifB. thatC. whatD. when30. I'm going anyway. she will go is up to her to decide.A. If or notB. Whether or notC. IfD. That31. It is strange she have left without saying a word.A. thatB

46、. whatC. whyD. how32. It is very clear our policy is a correct one.A. whatB. thatC. whyD. where33. Mr Zhang said is quite right.A. ThatB. WhenC. WhatD. Whether34. It has been decided he will be sent there.A. ifB. whetherC. whyD. that35. It doesn' t matter he' s come back or not.A. ifB. wheth

47、erC. thatD. when36. It's a great pity we wont be able to finish the task on time.D. ThatD. Whether or notD. WhateverA. whenB. thatC. whyD. where37. It happened I wasn't there that day.A. whenB. whyC. whereD. that38. you have done might do harm to other people.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhichD. The thi

48、ngs39. leaves the room last ought to turn oft the lights.A. AnyoneB. The personC. WhoeverD.Who40. the 2000 Olympic Games won't be held in Beijing is known to all.A. Whether B. IfC. Whenever41. fails to see this will make a big mistake.A. ThatB. WhoeverC. Whether42. _ we need more equipment is qu

49、ite obvious.A. WhatB. WhetherC. That43. Has it been announced ?44.That is A. what_ we all support his ideaB. whyC.whereD. when45.That s _we should do.46.A. thatB. whatC.is troubling me is I donhowD. why t understand _ he saidA. when are the planes to take off B. that are the planes to take offC. where are the planes to take off D. when the planes are to take offA. What; that; whatB. What; what; what whichC. That; that; whatD. Why; that;47. Things were not they seemed to be.A. whenB. w