2017届高考英语二轮专题复习代词讲义

1、代词【考纲解读】代词是高中英语的难点，又是高考的重点和热点。英语中的代词种类繁多，有人称代词，物主代词,反身代词，指示代词，不定代词等。主要考点：1代词的分类；2.人称代词的格，物主代词的用法；3.指示代词、不定代词和相互代词的用法。今后高考对代词的考查将继续沿着两条主线前进：加强语境的真实性和复杂性，注意人称代词和物主代词的语境判别；加强对语义较丰富、语法较复杂的不定代词的考查。【考点纵横】2016年全国卷2015年新课标卷20152016年地方卷目前这么考全国I卷（物主代词his）全国n卷（物主代词our）全国川卷（反身代词myself）新课标I卷（物主代词its;物主代词our）2016

2、年四川（物主代词）2016年浙江（人称代词）2015年重庆（不定代词）2015年天津（指示代词）2015年陕西（指示代词）2015年福建（不定代词）2015年浙江（it指代从句）今后高考主要考查在给定的上下文中运用代词、不定代词和替代词的能力。命题主要出现在完形怎么考填空、语法填空和短文改错等题型中，侧重在具体语境中考查各种代词之间的区别【考题导引】1.（2016全国I,68） On my recent visit，I held a livelythreemonthold twin thathad bee n rejected by_ （it） mother.答案与解析：its根据空格后的名词

3、及前文中的a lively threemon thold twin可知要用形容词性物主代词。22.（2016全国n,短文改错）lf we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain3kno wledge we cannot get from books._答案与解析：your -our考查形容词性物主代词的用法。根据前 面的主语we可知，此处要用our,表示我们能够开阔我们的视野”。3.（2016全国n,短文改错）lt does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot._答案与解析

4、：Ma ny-much考查代词的用法。这样不会花很多钱。cost much花费很多。此处也可理解为much money的省略。4.（2016全国川，短文改错）At first, I thought I knew everything and could makedecisi ons by yourself._答案与解析：yourself-myself根据句意，此处指我自己”。5.（2016浙江，3）In many ways , the education system in the US is not very differentfrom_ in the UK.答案与解析：that考查代词。句

5、意：在许多方面，美国的教育制度与英国的不是非常的不同。代词that指代前文中出现的the education system。【知识网络】1主格仃疗了在句中作主语。宾涿RE，iim.herfK；usjyouhem）；在旬中作宾语、表泳名词性（you rs j his era JtSj airs? yours, theirs）中作主语、宾语、表语。形容诃性（myourjhiSjhet-jitSiOur.youriTheir；只能赦右名词前作定语反身弋词I my sei（,yo u r se. f, hi m s elf j h er sei f, i t s el f j 3U rse. v es

6、, you rse vesfth emsek es ；:作动词或介词（如byJoi等）的宾语战咋主语或宾语的同位駅起强剛乍用月话障亲住，本人 S 但不可单触作主语指示代词hhir心Es%:kawhci沁航ch；可作主语、星语俵语戒盘语.相互代诃（eachother*oneanother）：Letslearn（rameacho:heraridhelpeachother.產接代诃鮮见名词生从旬） ；Na ar.e kr.aws what wil. happen next.关系弋词（详见定语从旬包讷ohughw last laughs best.疑同忧词 （whihv; iiJitwr.o,whjm

7、hwliose等 :9&泓a比youth:nkingabuur?表不两者和多者的不定代诃:bothTether, neither ja.fanyfr.Dne表示”另夕卜的不定弋诃；3thertanotherrotherstthe o:her（s） 妬-g的甜氏any不定代词 v 表示:少啲fewflkrlefa fewTa liide表亲嗨一刊的every（只能在名诃前作定语强返整林和蹴h（强调个林S?合不注代词a.nyihingjinyc.neranyb3dyom&:hingj someDiiefsomebody nothingfno one, nobody.替f弋词jtrt

8、liatfonerthose【知识梳理】-、人称代词形式句法功能人称代词物主代词4主格I, we, you, he, she, it, they主要用作主语，有时用作表语5宾格me, us, you, him, her, it, them作动词或介词的宾语；口语中常用宾格作表语1She was beautiful and could run faster tha n others.她（那时）很美并且比其他人跑得快。2Give me a challe nge, and I will meet it with joy.让我迎接挑战，我会欣然接受。二、物主代词形式句法功能形容词性物主代词.my, o

9、ur, your, his, her, its, their作定语名词性物主代词mine, ours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs作主语、宾语或表语He in vited some friends of his to his party.他邀请了他的一些朋友参加宴会。三、反身代词形式句法功能myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself,ourselves,yourselves, themselves作宾语、表语或冋位语The child looked at himself in the mirror with in ter

10、est.那个孩子饶有兴趣地看着镜子里的自己。名师指津含有反身代词的习惯用语：by oneself独自地for on eselfcome to on eselfbehave on eselfapply on eself toenjoy on eself苏醒；恢复知觉dress on eself举止规矩有礼专心致志于玩得开心make yourself at home另U客气devote on eself tohelp on eself toseat on eselfteach on eself亲自自己穿衣致力于随便吃/用就座，入座 自学adapt/ adjust on eself to适应于指示代

11、词this/thes四、指示代词6ethat/thos e指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that可指上文提到过的人或物such指代前面所叙述的人或事物。作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的 名词或代词的数so代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情，意思是“如此，这样”。在believe, think, expect, suppose, imagine, guess等词后用so代替前文提出的观点1The quality of educati on in this small school is better tha n that in some largerschools.（2015天津高考单选）这

12、所规模很小的学校的教学质量比有些规模较大的学校的教学质量还要好。2Studying Wendys menu, I found th at many of the items are similar to those ofMcDonalcTs.（2012浙江高考单选）研究了温迪的菜单，我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。3Such are my friends who will n ever fail to help me whe n n eeded.我的朋友们就是这样：永远会在我需要他们时伸出援手。4一Is James coming tonight?I think so, but Im not

13、sure.詹姆斯今晚会来吗？一一我想会的，但我不能肯定。五、不定代词（一）不定代词的基本用法不定代词用法each/both/alleach指（两者或两者以上物或人中的）每个；both表示两者都; all指（二者或二者以上物或人中的）所有，全部either/ neithereither表示（两者中的）任何一个；neither表示 两者都不none/nothingnone表示（二者或二者以上）全无，没有一点;nothing表示没有任何东西，没有事”ano theran other泛指（二者或二者以上中的）另一，又一other/othersother泛指“其余的，另外的”，只作定语。other+可数

14、名词复数=othersthe other/the other特指（两者之中的）另一个。the other+可数名词复数一7the othersthe others1As the two diet ion aries are useful, III take both and either of them is veryimporta nt to me.因为这两本字典有用，我把两本字典都带上，每一本对我而言都很重要。2一Would you like to go shopp ing with me on Saturday or Sun day?I m sorry. Neither will sui

15、t me. Ill be away on bus in ess duri ng that period.一一星期六或星期天陪我去购物好吗？一一对不起。那两天都不行。我那段时间将正在出差。3You are a team star!Work ing with others is really your cup of tea.你是队里的明星！与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。4Neither side is prepared to talk to the other uni ess we can smooth things over betwee n them.除非我们能够消除他们之间的矛盾，否则他们双

16、方都不打算与对方讲话。（二）复合不定代词的用法某任何每个.；所有没有人some one/ somebodyanyone/ anybodyevery one/ everybodyno one/ nobody物someth inganythingeveryth ingnothing1There is someth ing in his words. We should have a try.他说的话不无道理，我们应该试一试。2This project requires close teamwork. Nothi ng will be achieved uni ess we work well to

17、gether.（2013安徽高考单选）这个项目需要密切的团队合作，除非我们通力合作，否则将一事无成。（三）表示数量的不定代词的用法代词用法表示意义含义few修饰可数名词否定含义几乎没有a few修饰可数名词肯定含义几个；一些little修饰不可数名词否定含义几乎没有a little修饰不可数名词肯定含义少量；一点点many修饰可数名词肯定含义许多much修饰不可数名词肯定含义许多8Few of us can speak four foreign languages.我们当中很少有人会说四种外语。I have a few friends, but my younger sister has ve

18、ry few.我有一些朋友，但我妹妹几乎没有朋友。She can speak a little French, but she knows little English.她能讲点法语，但她几乎不懂英语。六、it的用法1it用作人称代词，用来指代事物或上文提到过的内容。The Smiths bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.史密斯一家买了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作要做。2it指时间、距离、天气等。Its 112 miles from London to Birmingha

19、m.从伦敦到伯明翰有112英里。3it用作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语往往由 从句、动名词、不定式充当。It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others.独居而不和他人来往没有好处。（it作形式主语，动名词短语living alone without .为真正的主语）No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.不管在哪里，他养成了早餐前散步的习惯。（it作形式宾语，动词不定

20、式to go for .为真正 的宾语）He didnt make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.他没说清楚何时何地举行会议。（it作形式宾语，从句when and where .为真正的宾语）知识积累常用it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式：It is a pity/shame that .It is no wonder that .It seems/appears that .It looks/seems as if/though .It happens that .It occurs to/comes to/strikes/

21、hits sb. that .It is said/reported/announced/believed/hoped/suggested that .据说/据报道/据宣布/人们认为/人们希望/人们建议It is no use/good/a waste of time doing sth.做某事没有用/好处/浪费时间It takes sb. some time to do sth.主语+表示情感倾向 的动词或动词短语（enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, appreciate, rely/co unt on等）+it+that/if/whe n 1

22、I would appreciate it if you take my suggestion into consideration.如果你考虑我的建议我将感激不尽。2It is a waste of time trying to persuade him to cha ngehis mind. As is known to usall, he is so stubbor n.真可惜/丢人难怪似乎/看起来.某人突然想起做某事花费某人多长时间9试图说服他改变主意是在浪费时间。众所周知，他是如此固执。【考点突破】考点1考查人称代词，物主代词和反身代词考题精练1. （2016全国I）On my re

23、cent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had beenrejected by _ （it）mother.2. （2016全国n改错） If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot ge t frombooks.答案：1. its2. your改为our1形容词性物主代词通常用作定语，修饰名词，如:her father她的父亲”。2of（介词）+名词性物主代词（或名词所有格）”构成双重所有格，如:a friend

24、 of mine我的 一个朋友”。She asked me what was the matter with me.她问我我怎么了。He didnt use his ink. He used mine.他没有用他自己的墨水，他用了我的（墨水）。He lives by himself in the coun try.他独自住在乡下。考点2考查it的用法考题精练1. （2015浙江）How would you like _if you were watching your favorite TV program andsome one came into the room and just shu

25、t it off without ask ing you?2. （2014大纲）Who s that at the door?_is the milkma n.答案：1. it2. It注意：1.it作形式主语或形式宾语代替不定式、动名词或从句。10Its no use arguing with him.与他争辩是没有用的。2.注意下列句型中的it。(1) lt is+时间段+si nee.自从.以来多久了(2) lt was+时间段+before+过去时多久以后才.(3) lt will be+时间段+before+一般现在时 多久之后才能.(4) It wont be long befor

26、e.不久就.(5) It is/was+被强调部分+that.(6) It is (high) time that sb should do/did.到了.的时候了(7) It be (just) like sb to do.像某人做某事的风格(8) It be+the+序数词+time+that.这是某人第几次做.(9) I dislike it whe n.我讨厌.(10) I would appreciate it if.如果.我感激不尽(2014陕西)Id appreciate it if you could let me know in advanee whether or not

27、you will come.如果你能提前让我知道你是否会来我将感激不尽。考点3考查none,nothing,no one的区另U考题精练1. (2015四川)Niki is always full of ideas, but_is useful to my knowledge.【答案与解析】none句意:Niki总是有很多想法，但是据我所知，没有一个想法有用。本题强 调在Niki的众多想法中没有一个有用，即强调数量。none既可指人，也可指物，还可以强调数量。2. (2012江西)My brother would like to buy a good watch but_was availab

28、le fromthat shop.【答案与解析】none句意：我哥哥想买一块好表，可是那家商店里没有。本题强调在那家商店 里没有一块我哥哥想买的那种好手表，即强调数量。none既可指人，也可指物，还可以强调数量。注意:1. none可与由of连接的人或物组成短语，而nothing，no one不可。No ne of us went to the concert last night.昨天晚上我们中没有一个人去听音乐会。2. none可以用来回答How many.或How much.的问题，而no one (nobody)和nothing则分 别用来回答Who.和What.的问题。How man

29、y stude nts in your class went to the lecture?你们班有多少学生去听报告了？None.个也没有。Who did you see enter the Ion ely house?你看见谁进了那幢偏僻的房子吗？11Nobody.一个人都没进。3. none可以指代前面提到的人或物;no one (nobody)和nothing没有这种用法。考点4考查none,neither,all,both,either,any的区另U考题精练1. （2015福建）The research group produced two reports based on the

30、survey,butcontained any useful suggesti ons.【答案与解析】neither根据题干中的two reports和but可知，此处表示两者都不”，所以用neither。2. （2014江西）一When shall I call,in the morning or afternoon?_ll be in all day.【答案与解析】Either根据题干可知是在上午和下午这两种情况中做出选择。either表示两者中选择其一。1. none表示三者或三者以上都不”；neither表示两者都不”。2. all表示三者或三者以上都.”;both表示两者都.”。3.

31、 any表示三者或三者以上中任何一个”;either表示两者中任何一个”。Although Rosemary had suffered from a seriousill ness for years, she lost none of herenthusiasm for life.尽管Rosemary多年来遭受严重疾病的折磨，但是她从没有失去对生活的热情。Neither of the two boys is/are clever.两个男孩都不聪明。None of the boys is/are clever.没有一个男孩是聪明的。He has two boys. Both of them a

32、re clever.他有两个儿子。他们都聪明。All of the stude nts are there.所有的学生都在那儿。考点5考查an other,（the）other, （the）others的区别考题精练1.（2015陕西）To warm himself,the sailor sat infrontof the fire rubbing one bare footaga inst the _ .【答案与解析】other表示两者中的一个.另一个.”用on e.the other.结构。2（2014福建）ln some countries,people eat with chopsti

33、cks,while in_ ,knives andforks.He has a brother，but I have none.他有一个兄弟，而我一个也没有。12【答案与解析】others some.others.是固定用法，意为一些.另一些.”,others在此处指代other countries。注意:13I.other作前置定语，修饰单数或复数名词。III come again some other day.我改日再来。2. another用于泛指三者或三者以上的不定数目中的另一个”，所修饰名词前不加冠词。I dont want this one.PIease give me anoth

34、er.我不想要这一个,请给我另一个。3. the other表示两者中的另一个”或两部分中的另一部分”，是特指。She has twochildren.One is a boy;the other is a girl.她有两个孩子，一个是男孩，另一个是女孩。4.others用作代词，泛指“其他人”或“其他物”。Some say yes,and others say no.有人说对,有人说不对。5.the others指整体中除去一部分后，剩余的全部。There are fifty stude nts in our class.Thirty of us are girls;the others

35、are boys.我们班有五十个学生，三十个是女生，其余的是男生。考点6考查不定代词考题精练1.（2015重庆） The meeting will be heldin September , butknows the date for sure.【答案与解析】nobody句中的but表转折，所以此处应指“但没人知道确切日期”，填nobody。2.（2014大纲）I think Mrs Stark could be someth in g,a nything,nothin g,everyth in g,some one=somebody,every on e=everybody,a nyon e

36、=a nybo dy等。some-类复合不定代词主要用于肯定句中，any-类复合不定代词主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。当some-类复合不定代词用于否定句、疑问句和条件句时，表示希望得到肯定回答。any-类复合不定代词用于肯定句时，表示“任何”之意。由-one和-body构成的复合不定代词通常可以互换 使用。（2014安徽）You can ask anyone for help. Every one here is willi ng to lend you a hand.你可以向任何人求助。这儿的每个人都愿意为你提供帮助。考点7考查one,that,it,those的区别考题精练1.（20

37、15天津）The quality of education in this small school is bettertha n _in some larger schools._betwee n 50 and 60 years of age.【答案与解析】an ywhere本题中含有固定搭配在.之间”，该固定搭配也可用any where from.to.注意:some, any, every, no常与-one,-body,-thingany where betwee n.a nd.,意为 “数目表示。构成复合不定代词。这类不定代词有14【答案与解析】that此处that指代前面的The

38、quality of education。2.（2013浙江）Half of surveyed in 16countries say they go first to their closest friend to share theirdeepest wishes and darkest fear s.【答案与解析】those此处those指代people who are surveyed in 16 counties。3. （2012四川）New tech no logies have made _ possible to turn out new productsfaster and a

39、t a lower cost.【答案与解析】it此处为make+it+adj.+to do”结构。其中it作形式宾语，替代动词不定 式to turn out new productsfaster and at a lower cost。4. （2012辽宁）1 f youre buying todays paper from the stand, could yougetfor me?【答案与解析】one paper作“报纸”讲时是可数名词。结合情景，说话人要对方给自己捎一份报纸，也就是a paper,替代单数可数名词，用one。注意：1.it所代替的是前面提到过的同一事物，而one所代替的是

40、同类事物中的“一个”，one=a/an+名词，它可以用来代替可数名词单数，其复数形式是ones。leant find my pen.Do you see it?我找不到我的钢笔了。你看见它了吗？I need a bike but I have no money to buy one.我需要一辆自行车，可我没钱买。2. that=the+名词，它既可代替可数名词，也可代替不可数名词，它所代替的也是同类事物。His behavior was not that of a gen tlema n.他的行为不是正人君子的行为。3. those替代上文中提到的复数名词，既可指人，也可指物，those指人时

41、，后须跟定语。At our factory there are a few mach ines similar to those described in this magaz ine.在我们厂里，有一些类似于这本杂志里描述的机器。【真题感悟】1.（2016全国I,68） On my recent visit，I held a livelythreemonthold twin thathad bee n rejected by_ （it） mother.2._ （2016全国n,短文改错）lf we go on a trip abroad，we can broadenyour view and

42、 gain kno wledge we cannot get from books.3._ （2016全国n,短文改错）lt does not cost many，yet we can still learn a lot._154.（2016全国川，短文改错）At first，I thought I knew everything and could make decisionsby yourself._5._ （2016全国川，阅读D）No news is good news，and good news is no news._arethe classic rules for the eve

43、ning broadcasts and the morning papers.6._ （2016北京，阅读A）For the firsttime，I feel good about _（me） because Im16doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good.7.（2016四川，七选五）Both menand womenare livingIon ger these days in in dustrializedcountries.However, women, on average, live longer.I

44、n general, _can expect to livesix or seven years more than men.8._ （2016四川，短文改错）When my father came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.9._ （2016浙江，3）1 n many ways , the education system in the US is not very different fromin theUK.10. （2015浙江，12）How would you like_ if you were watching you

45、r favorite TVprogram and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?11._ （2015重庆，2）Themeeting will be held in September, but _ knows the date for sure.12.（2015陕西，13）To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing onebare foot against themoved to Cambridge.for hers

46、elf.1 its 根据空格后的名词及前文中的a lively threemonthold twin可知要用形容词性13.（2015四川,10）Niki is always full of ideas，butis useful to myknowledge.14.（2015天津,2）The quality of education in this small school is better thanin some larger schools.15.（2015福建,21）The research group produced two reports based on the survey,

47、butcontained any useful suggestions.16（2014安徽，24）You can ask anyone for help.here is willing to lend youa hand.17（2014江西，32）When shall I call，in the morning or afternoon?_.Ill be in all day.18.（2014四川,1）Shed lived in London and Manchester，but she likedand19.（2014重庆,1）A smile costs _，but gives much.2

48、0.（2014山东,4）Susan made_ clear to me that she wished to make a new life17物主代词。2.your f our考查形容词性物主代词的用法。根据前面的主语we可知，此处要用our，表示“我们能够开阔我们的视野”。3.ma门尸much 考查代词的用法。这样不会花很多钱。cost much花费很多。此处也可理解 为much money的省略。4.yourselffmyself 根据句意，此处指“我自己”。5.Those/These 根据句意：没消息就是好消息，好消息就是没消息。对于一些晚间播报和早报来说，这是（那是）经典法则。指代前

49、面的两句话。6.myself 根据句意：第一次，我因为自己做事情而自我感觉良好，而不是因为别人告诉我 做得好。7.they 根据句意：女人平均比男人活得年龄长，总体来说，她们有望比男人多活六七年。此处用they代替前文的women 8.herfhis 从句主语是my father,因此物主代词形式用his。9.that考查代词。句意：在许多方面，美国的教育制度与英国的不是非常的不同。代词that指代前文中出现的the education system。10.it句意：如果你正在看最喜爱的电视节目，这时有人进来没有征求你的意见就把电视关了，你会怎么想。固定表达how would you like

50、 it if.，在此结构中it代替后面if句的内容。11.nobody 句意：会议将在九月召开，但是没人知道具体日期。句中的关键词为but，表转折，故nobody没有人，符合句意。12.other 句意：为了让自己暖和起来，这个水手坐在火堆旁，光着脚，用一只脚搓另一只脚。表示两者中的一个，另一个，用one.the other.。13.none 句意：Niki总是有很多想法，但是没有一个想法对我的知识有用。三者或三者否 定以上用none,可指人也可指物。14.that 句意：这所规模较小的学校的教育质量比一些规模较大的学校的教育质量好得多。表示比较时，指代前面的quality of educat

51、ion要用that，为了避免重复，可以代替前面提到的不可数名词。15.neither句意：这个研究组发布了以调查为基础的两个报道，但是都没有有用的建议。18考查代词。根据句意，两者都不用neither。16.Everyone 考查不定代词。句意：你可以向任何一个人求助。在这里的每一个人都会给予你帮助。根据前句中的anyone,可知填everyone。17.Either 根据 “in the morning or after noonEither。18. neither 题干的意思是她在伦敦和曼彻斯特都住过，可是这两座城市她都不喜欢，就搬到剑桥去了。”由此意可知要用neither（两者都不）。19.nothing考查不定代词用法。句意：微笑虽然不用花费什么，但意义却是巨大的。20. it 句意：苏珊向我清楚地表达了她希望过自己的新生活。此处用it作形式宾语，that从句作真正的宾语。语篇填空（在下列空格中填入适当的代词）