2019高三英语语法复习名词解析

1、1名词1. 名词就是表示人、事物、地点、现象及其它抽象概念等的名称的词。个体名词：单个人/物可数名词 Y（普通名词集体名词：一群人/一些事总称Y物质名词:无法分为个体的物质材料2. 名词不可数名词 Y抽象名词：人/物的品质、情感、状态、动作等抽象概念的名词专有名词：专门指代某一人、物、地点、机构、组织等的名词，首 字母一般要大写3. 可数名词的数可数名词有单、复数的区分，当数量大于一时，就要用复数形式。 After he had two potatoes and three_ 西红柿）for his breakfast, hewent to two differe nt_公司）to buy t

2、en_ 盒）of_（钢笔）andtwo boxes of_ 小刀）.归纳总结：?名词变复数，一般情况下直接加_ ;? 以-s， -x， -sh， -ch 结尾，力口_ ；?以辅音字母加 y 结尾，变 y 为_，再加_ ；?以 f 或 fe 结尾的常用名词，把 f 或 fe 改为_ ；?以 o 结尾的名词，一般加_ ，但_ 卩要加 es。 The two_过路人）with no_ （脚）and legs, whowere_成年人），found that two_ 女教师），together witha group of_小、孩）， were running after a few_老鼠）and_

3、棉帛羊）.归纳总结：2? 含 man 的名词 ,一般变 man为_ ,但 German _ ;? 将 00 改为 ee 的有_等;? 复数以 en 结尾的有 child children, oxoxen 等；? 将 ouse 改为 ice 的有 mouse mice, louse lice（虱子）等;? 单复数同形的有 sheep, dee, fish, aircraft （飞机） ,means, works 工 厂） ,Swiss,Japa nese, Chin es 等;? 合成词中有主体名词的只变主体名词，如 passers-by,fathers-in-law，没有主体名词的，直接在词尾

4、加 s,如 grown-ups。4. 不可数名词的特点（1）不可数名词没有复数形式，前面不可直接用不定冠词、数词，或few, many 等修饰，但可用 some, much, a great deal of 等修饰。（2）转化:有的不可数名词可转化为可数名词 ,如,表示种类时： variousstee l s （各种钢） ;表示具体的人或事物时 : success 成（ 功的人或事 ）等;表示“一场/段/件.”时:a heavy snowL场大雪）； 表示“一杯/罐/瓶”的 tea, coffee, drink, beer 等;two teas and a coffee 两杯茶和一杯 咖啡）

5、;表示不同意思时 : paper （纸不可数 ;报纸可数 ）。注意： 有些不可数名词是无论什么情况下也没有复数形式的，即使 受形容词修饰也不能加不定冠词的， 可称作“绝对不可数名词” 。如， advice， fun， homework， information ， news， progress， equipment，furniture 等。5. 名词所有格翻译下列短语： _ 汤姆的父亲 _教师办公室_ 更斯（Dicke ns）的小说_汤姆和约翰的朋友_理发店 _ 我叔叔的家3_ 天的新闻_那本书的封面归纳总结：有生命的人或物，以及表示时间、距离、金额、重量、国家或城市等 的名词，其所有格一般用

6、“ _表示，若是以 S 结尾的名词后只加“_”无生命的东西的所有格一般用 _示。补充：be of +use/ value/importanee 等抽象名词，其用法相当于形容词的用法，在句中可做表语、补语等。The book is of great use. =_6名词的用法与语境分析主要用法所处语境1在谓语之前The book was stole n .2在谓语之后1 have a problem.在介词之后She suffered from Ion eli ness.3在系动词之后My brother is a worker.4在主语之后谓语之前We stude nts should stu

7、dy hard.5在宾语之后We made Tom our mon itor.6在另一个名词之前gold medal 金牌（材料）color film彩色电影（类别）sports shoes 运动鞋（用途）7名词与语法填空做语法填空时，我们可以根据名词在句中的作用来判断是否填名 词。 名词通常在_如 a worker）、_ 如 his illness）、_（女口 this book）、_ 如 the author s name）,及 some, any, many, alot of 等限定语后。语法专练41. _ (Anne) sister Margot was very upset that

8、 the family had to move.However, she knew that she had got to go through all the_ (difficult) withher family.2. Si nee“ Life is a stage ” , we are actually all actors and_ (act). On thisstage, every one has his own role to play, and I will try my best to play my role well.3. There are more visible c

9、ha nges in our gestures and facial_(express).4. Lang Lang is a world-class young _(piano) who grew up in Shenyang.5. It very importa nt to teach the childre n about road_(safe).6. Your_ (ki nd) is grateful.7. There are two importa nt_ why we offer you the goods now.8. The excit ing result filled us

10、with_(proud).9. Marys dress is similar in appeara nee to her elder_(sister).10. The success of our experime nt is a great_ (satisfy) to us.11. He has n ever show n much_ (con sider) for her feeli ng.12. I donte the_in which you laugh at her.13. His_ (careful) resulted in the terrible accide nt.注意：语法

11、填空中，一般不会像在完型填空中那样，要求根据上下文来确定填某个名词。如果考，也只限于 reaso n, way, situation 等较为特殊的词。Some years ago, SARS broke out in the main la nd of Chi na, caus ing some peopleto be killed or n early got close to (1)_(die). The situati on was so severe thatthere was no time (2)_ (debate) who is to blame. The most import

12、a nt thi ng forthe (3)_ (gover n) to do is to find out the cause of this deadly(4) _ (ill). They invited all the experts in this field to discuss and quite a few(5) _ (suggest) were put forward. Some of the top experts picked out thosesuggesti ons and tested them to see whether they were available. Doctor Zhong Nan sha nchose one_who was seriously ill and had little hope of(6) _ (pick) up and had the new (7)_ (medical) tested on him. To hisgreat (8)_ (joyful), this patie nt recovered! He made his way to his(9)_ (official) and teleph oned to the top official, telli ng him this e