英语分类解题技巧

1、Reading Comprehension Part A阅读理解题型分类及解题技巧 阅读理解一定要先审题，看题干就行，选项不一定要看。审题时必须根据每道题目的长相判断出属于什么题型，以便于使用相应的解题技巧来做题。审完题后依次到文中找信息点，做一个题目看一段，千万不要跳读，即使这一段没有出题目，这样有利于对文章的整体把握，英语考试时间非常充足。1 主旨题：2道*标准长相：main idea mainly about center around best title is mainly concerned withis written to凡是遇到主旨题，在文章的首段搞定，80%的主旨题都在首段

2、能找到答案。绝大多数作者都会在文章开头以某种约定俗成的方式呈现文章的主题，英语文章绝大多数都是开门见山。*解题技巧找能表达主题的方式：a. 首段提问法，如果在文章的第一段第一句或者最后一句，或者第二段的第一句，则是典型的首段提问法，本文主旨就是对该问题的回答。选项中正确答案绝对是对这个问题的回答，所以答问要一致。Eg：Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? 其主旨就是讲述读者不相信自己看到的报纸的原因。 b. 转移中心提出主题：一般有表转折的标志词，如however/yet等，然后文章的主旨就会

3、出现在转折之后的部分。要是遇到多个转折词，则最后那个转折词后面的的部分是文章主旨。c. 类比开头法：一开始讲A如何如何，然后来一句similarly, B/the same is true for B/likewise, B/B also之类的词或结构，则作者是用A这个大家熟悉的不怀疑的事例来引出相似的但大家不熟悉的B，所以文章的主旨就是B。d. 事例开头法：一开始就举一个例子，主旨肯定在例子之后，不在第一段的尾句就在第二段的首句，若看不懂这两句，就努力看懂文章。只要文章第一个词是“I”，99%都是举例开头。Eg:我在日本生活过多年，我的日语水平达到了可以跟日本人交流，但是每次我一加入交谈，谈

4、话就停止了。后来经过调查我发现原来是我用的谈话方式是西方的谈话方式。 主旨：日本语与西方语言交流的差异。e. 独句段法：这一句就能推出文章的主旨。比尔盖茨正在.对MBA的质疑。f. 各段分述法：每一段落讲一部分。2 细节题：9道每一道细节题都能在文章中找到含有这个细节的信息。细节题的基本原则就是问什么找什么，回到文章中找信息点，找到以后认真阅读，然后根据上下文找出细节答案。标准长相：Health problems mentioned in the passage include all the following except_. 文中一定讲了Health problems，而且至少是三个方面

5、。3 事例分析题：1道标准长相：The author mentions (cite/refer to/quote) the example of IBM in the passage to_ 空格中填的就是作者举例的目的，或者事例在文中的作用。一般就只有两个作用：引主题和证观点。解题方法：找事例在文中的位置篇首例（100%引主题：to introduce the topic under discussion/to be discussed）；文中例（证观点：to prove/show/revel/demonstrate/ illustrate/justify_空格中填的就事例要证明的观点，其就

6、在例子的前句。例前句看不懂的时候看例子，能总结出例前句的观点。）4 原因题：3道* 出题方式：Why? attribute to_ .beacuse_ 文中必定有这个事实，首先在文中找到这个事实，而且这个事实肯定是非原句。确定哪个句子是答案的的时候，如果原因不在本句，则必定在下一句。 事实：我昨天上班迟到了。 原因：路上塞车。 表述：a. I was late for work yesterday because I was trapped a jam. b. I was late for work. I was trapped a jam. 结论：遇到原因题马上找事实，事实在文中的出现一定不

7、是题干中的原句，原因80%的可能出现在本句，20%的可能出现在上句。然后在本句找表原因的词(其后就是原因)：a. 由于：because / as /for/since/now that/in that/on the ground that b. 由于：because of/due to/owning to/ thanks to/as a result of/on the account of c. A与B相关：be related to/be linked to/be connected with/be associated with/have much to do with d. 作为对B的

8、反应，A发生了：A (appears/starts/occur) as a (reaction/response) to .导致、造成： be responsible for/be blamed for/ be to blame for e. The mother, afraid her daughter loses her way accompanies her to campus. 担心 The higher death rate of teenager drivers has not so much to do with their ill behaviors as with their

9、 lack of driving experiences. 与其说与他们的愚蠢行为有关，不如说与他们缺乏驾驶经验。5 词义/句义题:标准长相: The word/ sentence “.”(linepara.) is closest to_不能跳着在文章中找原词，要逐字逐句地慢慢看找这个词。破折号在文中的作用解释。只要看到句首是and，不管前面是什么标点符号，这句都是跟上一句是并列关系。猜词用了三种方法：定语、举例。一个选项跟原文重复一样的越多，错的可能性越大。不一定非得认识每个单词，可以根据上下文来猜。充分利用好上下文：a.句内定义法（看看这个词的定语，以及上下文）b.因果法 (as a r

10、esult)c.举例法(for example) d.反义法/转折法（用的特别多，跟逻辑有关系。比如 S1, however,S2）e.重述解释法（in other words）f.并列法、递进法（more importantly）做完以后需要把选项代到文中去试一下，看能不能读通，这些方法可以用做其他题。6 段落信息题：1道标准长相：We can infer from paragraph 3 that_.最大的特点就是题干中没有信息点，只是让我们去段落中推测信息,这种题只能逐字逐句的慢慢看懂。7 篇章结构题：？ 这种题很少见，但是出现过，出现以后只要能识别出事篇章结构题，并且知道去哪找答案就行

11、。Eg: What is the previous/following/subsequent paragraph of the passage about? What do the paragraphs before/after the passage deal with? 题干中提到的“上一段”“下一段”其实在文中并没有出现，因为文章是节选的，只是让考生去推测文章节选的上下文情况，明白这一点了就好做了。8 态度题：2道 态度题其实不难，只要稍微看懂文章就能知道作者对某一事物的态度了，但是态度题错的最多，原因是考生看不懂选项中那几个单词。这里附上总结历年所有级别的考试的态度题选项的词汇表。态度

12、类词汇a) Positive 积极的Approving 满意的Supportive 支持的 拥护的favorable 赞同的consent (n.) 赞同praising 称赞appreciative 赞赏的optimistic 乐观的enthusiastic 热心的passionate 热烈的affirmative 肯定的permissive 认同的hopeful 抱希望的b) Negative 否定的 负面的Disapproving 不赞成的unfavorable 相反的reserved 矜持的critical 批评的pessimistic 悲观的gloomy 忧郁的 暗淡的depress

13、ed（depressive） 沮丧的opposed 反对的hostile 敌对的indignant 愤怒的doubtful 怀疑的skeptical 怀疑的suspicious 怀疑的apprehensive 担忧的（态度）concerned 担忧的desperate 绝望的c) Objective 客观的 （中立的词汇轻易不选，除非文中出现了两派不同观点的，这种情况极少出现）As a matter of fact 事实上 其实Neutral 中立Sympathetic 同情的Middle road 中间路线Compromising 折中的d) Indifferent 漠不关心的 （这类选项一

14、般只是干扰选项，基本上不会是正确选项，因为如果是漠不关心的肯定不会出题。）Biased 偏见的 Prejudiced 有偏见的9 其他应试技巧：一题变成死题完全不会做了，使用应试技巧，不看文章只看选项。a.陈述过于绝对的句子不能选：all/never/only/sole（单独的，唯一的）b.如果选项中出现了“可能性”的词汇应该选：not sole/may/somec.任何选项中如果出现了最高级的表述，一般都不能选，太绝对了。d.如果两个选项是相反的，则必有一个是对的。e.两者特别犹豫选前者。长难句顺译法：逐字地翻译，不管语法跟从句之类的没用的东西，能看懂就行，不认识的单词一律翻译成“那样”。E

15、g:逐字翻译：回复显示比较其他美国人，记者们更加可能住在那样的邻居，有那样的，有奔驰，并且交易股票，他们更不可能去教堂、做社工，或者把根放在一个社区里。这样逐字地翻译完以后，虽然不知道什么定语从句状语从句，但是句子内容肯定理解得差不多了，够做题就行。Reading Comprehension Part B1. 五问七选2. 判断正误（不考，不用再看）3. 选择段意4. 个人认为跟part A里的细节题差不多，不用太特殊准备，都是送分题。Writing整体构架1. 命题要求：根据所给的情景或者提纲写一篇150词以上的作文。a. 形式：提供情况的形式有图画、图表（chart柱状图/table表格/

16、carve曲线图/pie饼状图）或者文字（中文/英文），图画作文不会考。b. 内容：若对题目不熟悉，就把它往自己熟悉的类型拐。* 数变类：图表 2012,2011,2010,2008,2007,2006* 优缺点类 2009,2005* 问题解决类* 意义影响类（忽略） * A/B选择类（忽略） * 观点论述类（忽略）2. 评分标准：重点在内容的完整性，文章组织的连贯性，语法结构和词汇的多样性 其实标准无法量化，评分很大程度生取决于阅卷人阅读文章后的印象。 * 高分作文的标准：卷面整洁，字迹清晰。不要用连笔，一笔一划写。 * 结构完整，追求作文结构要模式化：字数170词。3. 结构：段落数：必

17、须也只能写三段，这是作文的正常体型。三段必须有各自特定的功能：第一段必须完成点题，第二段是文章的主体论证，第三段是文章的结论，必须要有观点。* 三段各自必须要有各自的功能句：a. 第一段必须要有一个点题句，一般就是第一句:数变（图表）：如图所示，的数字在年大概是，在年是左右，在年是，显然，的数字一直在增长。As is indicated in the chart/table/carve/pie, the number of is roughly in., approximately inand around in 选三个年度的数据就行，选变化幅度比较大的。Illustrated=shown=r

18、evealed=indicated数变（文字）:The past few years witnessed a dramatic rise of the number of 过去几年见证了的戏剧化增长。Its reported that Number: make up the number. 数据合理地编Witnessed=experienced优缺点：优缺点题目一开始都先说是问题变得普遍了，这样才有论证的价值。In recent years, is getting increasingly prevalent and playing an increasingly significant ro

19、le in our life. 最近几年，变得越来越普遍，对人们的生活的影响也越来越重要。In recent years=currently=these daysIncreasingly=more and more问题解决类：近年来，越来越多的来自各领域的人们开始关注 In recent years, an increasing number of people from various spheres are concerned with howb.第二段（数变类写变化的原因。优缺点类的只写优点，这样不乱，但是需要特别的铺垫和创意：第一段先铺垫两种观点，第二段就可以只写优点。问题类作文第一段

20、先摆出问题，并点出要有解决方法，第二段就可以只写解决方法。）不管是写原因还是优缺点还是解决方法，一律只写三条。第二段第一句要是主题句。数变类：为什么会有这种增长呢？我认为有三种原因引起了这种变化，首先 What accounts for the increase? In my opinion, at least three factors contribute to the change, Accounts for=explains contribute to= bring about=be responsible for=be blamed for 优缺点类:就我而言，我赞同前者，并且强烈确

21、定它是好事。As far as Im concerned, Im in favor of the former and contend that is blessing. 问题解决类这些都是万能结尾：事实上，有各种不同的办法都能促成这种问题的解决。As a matter of fact, there are various approaches which can contribute to the resolution of the trouble. (But in my eyes, the following will work better.) c. 第三段：结论句。数变类：随着社会的进

22、一步发展，这种变化在未来几年肯定还会继续。As the society further develops, the rising trend is bound to continue for a few years in the future.就我而言，这是一种积极的变化，应该加以鼓励，它不仅有利于个人而且有利于社会。As far as Im concerned, it is a positive(negative) change and should be stimulated(reversed), for it is beneficial(a threat) not merely to i

23、ndividuals but to the society. （这个是万能句，任何积极的现象的文章都可以用这段做结尾。）As the society further develop-As the further development of car industry of China.优缺点：众所周知，手机短信本身没有什么好和坏，它对人们的影响取决于人们对它的态度以及如何使用它。 As is known to all, itself is neither good nor bad, and its effect on people depends, to a large extent on p

24、eoples attitude towards and how to make use of it. 只要我们有一个正确的态度，并合理地利用它，它对人们带来多方面的好处。Provided that we hold an appropriate attitude towards and make a proper use of it. is bound to benefits in more than one way.问题解决类：我们必须承认，该问题的解决绝不是轻而易举的事，需要政府的措施和公众的努力，有了有效的措施和巨大的努力，该问题一定会得到妥善处理。 It must be admitted

25、 that the resolution of the problem is anything but a easy job call for governments measures and the publics efforts. With effective measures, coupled with considerable efforts, the problem is bound to be coped with in the near future.论证方法（万能性句子模板）论证条理化。第二段是论证段落，这段必须也只能写三个观点。a. 独立性：三个句子不能只表达同一个意思。b.

26、 普遍性：论证观点要有普遍性，不能说特例。1. 数变类：针对题目选择最合适的三条。a. 不断增长的收入。The rapidly rising income.(客观条件)b. 人民的态度以及世界观的转变。The turning of peoples attitude towards and outlook on life.(主观条件)c. 政策的进步。The bettering policies.（要扯点国家）d. 更加容易和便捷的渠道。The easier and more convenient channels.e. 成本降了。The reduced cost.f. 质量和服务提高了。The

27、 improved qualities of goods and services.g. 供给多了。The abounded supplies. h. 更具竞争力。The stronger competitiveness.2. 优点类钉死只写优点，不写缺点：（新设备/新现象/新传媒/新方式）a. 已经极大地改变了.的传统方式。 has enormously transformed the traditional way for us to dob. 让我们做更简单便捷了。 makes it easier and more convenient for us to doc. 提升了我们做的效率。

28、 promotes the efficiency for us to dod. 降低了我们做的成本。 can reduce the cost of time and even money for us to doe. 极大增加了我们的活动，使我们的生活更加丰富。 amplify our activities(leisure/social) and thus enrich our life.f. 让我们跟外界保持良好的联系。Keeps us well informed of the outside world.g. 开拓我们的眼界和增加我们的知识面。 can broaden our eyes a

29、nd expand our knowledge.3. 解决方案类：a. 更加重视这个问题。Place more emphasis on the problem.b. 教育人民使其认识到人人都可以为解决问题贡献力量。Educate people to become aware that everyone can play his own role in solving the problem.c. 制定相关的法规并且强制执行，防止形式变得更糟。lay down(制定) and enforce relevant laws or regulations to prevent the trouble

30、situation from worsening.d. 树立并奖励正面典型，以引导及改变公众。Set and award good example to guide or change the publics behaviors.e. 找到或者开发新的替代品。Find or develop new substitutes to replacef. 提升现有设备。Improve the existing facilities.语言个性并多样化总原则：要有6-7个上好的能彰显巨大词汇量的词汇，同时要有3-5个特别能彰显英语语言能力并且特别能驾驭语言的句子。这就是作文的亮点。1. 数变类：a. 显然

31、：apparently; evidently b. 在增长：be on the riseIts apparently, the number of has been on the dramatic rise over the past few years.c. 因为：be closely related to / Be closely linked to / Be closely associated with Have a lot to do with d. 首先：to began with / in the first place / first of alle. 其次：more impo

32、rtantly / whats more / moreover / meanwhile(同时) / in additionf. 最后（不得瑟了，适度得瑟，回归原本）：finally， / also g. 我认为：In my eyes, / in my view, / in my perspective,To begin with, the change is closely related to the rapidly rising income of Chinese people. （那八条不用做任何改变直接套进去。） More importantly, the change has a l

33、ot to do with the turning of peoples attitude towards and outlook on life. The bettering policies largely promote the change.h. 认为：hold/argue/insist/maintain/contendi. 关于: when it comes to / with respect to / concerning j. 然而：when it comes to text message, however, peoples views vary from individual

34、 to individual(可以灵活运用) and some people hold that is blessing, while others maintain that it is hell.k. 热点话题：issueHow to resolve the problem has evolved into a hot issue nowadays.l. 教育：To begin with, people should be educated to become aware that everyone can play his own role in solving the problem.

35、通用模板通用的含义：所有真题考试都没逃出这三个基本模板；模板可以相互组合；英语达人们可以不用这些语言，但是一定要用这思路和结构。1. 数变类(图表):a. 变化（2句）：图表描述、变化：It is illustrated in + Apparently Incomeb. 原因（4句）：What accounts for + Attitude Policiesc. 结论（2句）：As the society + As far as positive.也可以采用272阵型：第二段没一个论证句子后面可以再加一句表解释说明的句子。As is indicated in the chart, the ma

36、rket share owned by domestic car brands soared from 25% in 2008 to roughly 35% in 2009, it was a sharp contrast to Japanese car brands. In addition, the market share taken by America car brands was almost the same in 2008 and 2009. Apparently, the domestic car brands played an outstanding role in Ch

37、ina car market over the past two years.What accounts for the huge increase? In my perspective, at least three factors contribute to the change. To begin with, the change is closely related to the rapidly rising income of Chinese people, and the rapidly rising people in favor of domestic brands. More

38、 importantly, the change has a lot to do with the turning of peoples attitude towards Japanese car brands. Finally, the bettering policies largely promote the sales of domestic car brands.As the society further develops, the rising trend is bound to continue for a few years in the future. As far as

39、Im concerned, it is a positive change and should be stimulated, for it is beneficial not merely to Chinese economy but to the society.2. 优缺点类：a. 优缺点：(3句) 事情变得普遍+优点+缺点 Transformed（这个要用完成时）b. 咱们只支持优点： promotes the efficiency expand our knowledgec. 结论：neither good nor bad+ attitude小作文1. 命题规律：信 2010感谢信，

40、2011建议信，2012投诉信摘要考的可能性没有，今年不考。小作文起评分5分，好点的话8分。 称呼:公函(收信人不明)：Dear Sir/Madam, 明白收信人：Dear Editor/professor, 私人信件：Dear + 名字，（左上顶格写）2. 书信的三要素： 正文：三要素 目的 内容 致谢 落款: (位置：左下空五六格) Yours sincerely, Zhang Wei正文三要素：P172 目的：Im writing the letter for purpose of doing sth (感谢信：expressing my gratitude to you for you

41、r warm reception and treatment while I was visiting your center.)/(求职信：applying for the position you advertised in China Daily.) 内容：无法统一，参考范例 P174 致谢：I will be extremely grateful if you take my application seriously and finally offer me an interview. I will be looking forward to your early reply.小作文

42、各种内容的范例附:一些好的句子结构1. 导致：Result in/lead to/bring about/contribute to/give rise to/be responsible for/be blamed for 2. 语篇衔接：S1as a result, S2 / As a consequence / consequently （因果）3. Common sense / fair play*In the short / long run 短期/长期看来*Better off / worse off 更富有/更贫穷*A rather than B = not B but A I

43、would B a big fish in a small plant, rather than be a small fish in big plant.I would die on my feet, rather than live on my knees.*other than = except = with the exception of=除了I cannot pass the exam other than cheat.*more than = not only = not limited to =不仅仅*no more than= nothing more than=nothin

44、g but =仅仅，只是 *anything but=绝不是 Learn English is anything but easy. 学好英语绝不简单。总结：题型+方法+思维+技巧*Concerning 关于 be concerned with=pay attention to 关注 关心Be concerned about 担忧 as far asconcerned 就而言*Account for 70% 占百分比 account for the change 解释变化的原因 Take into account 考虑（身高、家庭背景之类的）*fair play 公平竞争 common sense 常识*S1. , More importantly, S2 并列递进：更重要的是 *另外：in addition/besides/meanwhile/whats more/further more*keep up with 跟上 catch up with 赶上 come up with 想到Put up with 忍受*Above all/primarily 首要的 *把A和B联系起来：relate A to B/link A to B/a