新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材综合教程2第七单元课后答案

1、Text comprehensionI. B. II. 1. T; 2. T; 3. T; 4. F; 5. F.III.1. Paragraph 2. It is our society, which overemphasizes winning, considers failure a sin, and sees prosperity in the present as a sure sign of salvation in the future.2. Paragraph 4. Because the students may have acquired more or less know

2、ledge out of the course than the grade indicates.3. Paragraph 5. His attitude is critical. He complains the exclusion of such important characteristics as courage, kindness, wisdom and good humor.4. Paragraph 8. It was to make a clear distinction between the student as classroom performer and the st

3、udent as human being. So a low grade, at best, indicates an incompetent classroom performer, not an incompetent human being.5. Paragraph 9. He thinks social labels, including grades, are basically irrelevant and misleading, though necessary. But it 'nsot self -contradictory because social labels

4、 are necessary as ways of distinction for job choice, not as reasons for attitude toward others or ourselves in human terms.IV.1. Being unsuccessful and disadvantaged is regarded as sinful because in this word people tend to think today ' s success can save one from evil in the future.2. It is i

5、mportant to see the fact that although they differ in their class status and educational background, human beings are essentially the same. Biologically they are constructed in the same way, and they share the common feelings of fear and joy and the common experience of suffering and achieving. This

6、 commonality has bound them together. All of them will regard wars, diseases, and disasters both private and public as unfortunate big events in their life time.Structural analysis of the text1. Paragraph 2 5. Key words: Disappointment. Main idea: Grades do not mean everything.2. Paragraph 6 8. Key

7、words: The student as performer; the student as human being. Main idea: Getting a B in class does not mean one will always be a B performer in life.3. Paragraph 9 10. Key words: Perspective. Main idea: In a complex society like ours, labels are necessary but they should be kept in perspective.Sectio

8、n Four Consolidation ActivitiesPart one. Vocabulary AnalysisI. Phrase practice1. essence: inner nature; indispensable quality; the most important part 本质，实质，精髓 e.g. His works reflect the essence of fascism. 他的作品反映出法西斯的本质。2. deadly sins: sins leadi ng to damn ati on. (pride, covetous ness, lust, an g

9、er, glutt ony, envy and sloth, in Christianity)3. misleadi ng: maki ng you thi nk or act wron gly误导，误入歧途e.g. He deliberately misled us about the n ature of their relati on ship.关于他们究竟是什么关系，他故意给我们留下错误印象。This sentence has misled us into thinking that the an swer was wrong.这句话误使我们认为那个答案是错误的。4. conven t

10、i onal task: task traditi on ally required of stude nts 传统任务e.g. This conventional task is so easy that even a pupil can finish it. 这个传统任务是如此简单，甚至小学生都能完成。5. in short supply: far from eno ugh 供给不足，缺乏e.g. The water and food for disaster area is in short supply.这些水和食物给灾区是远远不够的。 Potatoes are in short su

11、pply because of the bad harvest.由于收成不好，现在马铃薯供应不足。II.1. defi ne; 2. irreleva nt; 3. corresp ond to; 4. flun ked; 5. rather; 6. makes a point of; 7. apt to; 8. go round.II. Word derivati on. Fill in the bla nks with the appropriate forms of the give n words.1. His vision was nearly restored to normal

12、after the removal (remove) of the tumor in his brain.2. The major issue of the conference was how to cope with the severe consequences resulting from the climatic (climate) cha nges on our pla net.3. This compa ny is in trouble and the latest pla n for its salvati on (salvage) has few supporters.4.

13、It is said in the job ad that those who apply for the vacancy should have proficiency (proficient)in at least two Ian guages.5. Don ' t rely on the information she gave you it ' s pure assumpti(ai5sume) on her part.6. The age of college stude nts no rmally (norm) ran ges from 18 to 22.7. The

14、 government ' insaction to curb inflation and unemployment caused strong resentment (rese nt) among the public.8. The Sichuan earthquake turned out to be the most disastrous (disaster) one the country has wit nessed in the past one hun dred years.1. remove v.消除，除去；脱掉removable a.可除去的，可移动的removal

15、n.移动，移居；除去e.g.我们的家已从北京迁到上海。Our home has removed from Beiji ng to Shan ghai.他脱下帽子表示敬意。He removed his hat as a sig n of reverence.2. climate n.气候；风气climatic a.气候上的e.g.她很快就适应了这种多变的气候。She adapted herself quickly to the cha ngeable climate.3. salvage v.打捞，抢救salvageable a.可抢救的，可打捞的salvation n.得救，拯救；赎罪e.g.

16、房子里没有什么东西可救的了。There is nothing that is salvageable in the buildi ng.天气干旱了这么久，这场雨成了农民的救星。After so much dry weather, the rain has been the fa rmer ' s salvation.4. proficie nt a.熟练的，精通的proficiency n.熟练，精通e.g.我可以说对唱歌很在行。I ' d say I am quite proficient at singing.5. assume v.假定，设想；承担；认为assu ming

17、 conj.假定，假女口assumpti on n.假定，设想e.g.我以为你能讲流利的英语。I assumed you could speak En glish flue ntly.假定那是真的，我们现在该怎么办？Assu ming that it is true, what should we do now?6. norm n.标准，规范n ormal a.正常的，正规的normality n.常态no rmalize v.使正常，使标准化e.g.过了几天，洪水才退，生活恢复了正常。It was several days before the floodwater sank and lif

18、e returned to normal. 我们的关系正常了。Our relati on ship has bee n no rmalized.7. resent v.憎恨，生气resentment n.怨恨，愤恨resentful a.不满的resentfulness n.怨恨，愤恨e.g.我非常讨厌别人侵占我的时间。I bitterly resent the encroachment on my time.他对所受的待遇感到忿恨。He is resentful at the way he has been treated.8. disaster n.灾难disastrous a.灾难性的e

19、.g.这场灾难过后，许多人既没有食物又没有住处。After the disaster there were many who wan ted food and shelter.国家的经济形势非常糟糕。The econo mic con diti on of the country is disastrous.IV.1. B; 2. D; 3. C; 4. C; 5. B; 6. D; 7. B; 8. D.III. Synonym / Antonym: Give a synonym or an antonym of the word un derl ined in each sentence

20、in the sense it is used.1. The esse nee of success is that there' s n ever eno ugh of it to go Fsumdgamgwloiereone person ' s winning must be offset by another' s losing Synonym: bala need, compe nsated2. The level of your proficie ncy has bee n determ ined by your performa nee of rather

21、 conven ti onal tasks Antonym: unconven tio nal3. But they are importa nt: crucially so, because they are always in short supply.Antonym: abundant, ple ntiful4. If you value these characteristics in yourself, you will be valued and far more so than those whose identities are measured only by little

22、marks on a piece of paper.Synonym: evaluated, assessed5. There were a lot of us the n: older tha n the norm, in a hurry to get our degrees and move on Synonym: average6. It is important to recognize that human beings, despite differences in class and educational labeli ng, are fun dame ntally hew n

23、from the same material and kn it together by com mon bonds of fear and joy Synonym: esse ntially, basically7. But these disti nctions should n ever be take n seriously in huma n termsAntonym: lightly, frivolously8. Even in achievement terms, your B label does not mean that you are permanently define

24、d as a B achieveme nt pers on.Antonym: temporarilyIV. Prefix: Write in each space one word that has the same prefix as underlined in each given word.1. i ntefereintern atio nal2. tran sce ndtran slate3. circumsta ncescircumfere nee4. n eoco Ion ialn eoclassical5. con trolconform6. an tibiotican tiso

25、cial7. uni ockundo8. out nu mberoutsh ine1. Expla natio n:in ter-: betwee ne.g. in teracti on, in terdepe nden t, in terc onnect2. Expla natio n:tran s-: across or bey onde.g. tran spla nt, tran sform, tran satla ntic3. Expla natio n:circum-: surroundinge.g. circumcisi on, circumlocuti on, circumspe

26、ct4. Expla natio n:n eo-: n ew, in a later forme.g. neon atal, n eo-fascist, n eo-Georgia n5. Expla natio n:con-: stre ngthe n or rei nforcee.g. convince, con stra in, conq uer6. Expla natio n:an ti-: opposed to, aga inste.g. an tiwar, an tihero, an tidote7. Expla natio n:un-: in verbs that describe

27、 the opposite of a processe.g. un fold, uni oad, unbend, un cut8. Expla natio n:out-: greater, better, further, etc.e.g. outgrow, outlive, outwitPart two. Grammar Exercises1. Disju netA disjunct is a type of adverbial that expresses in formati on that is not con sidered esse ntial to the sentence it

28、 appears in, but which is considered to be the speaker ' os writer 'tstude towards, or descriptive stateme nt of, the propositi onal content of the senten ce.More gen erally, the term disjunct can be used to refer to any sentence eleme nt that is not fully in tegrated into the clausal struct

29、ure of the senten ce. Such eleme nts usually appear peripherally (at欢迎下载12the beg inning or end of the sentence) and are set off from the rest of the sentence by a comma (in writi ng) and a pause (in speech).e.g. Honestly, I couldn' t believe it.Unfortun ately, Kim has had to leave us.I. Practic

30、e: Rewrite the follow ing sentences using proper disjun cts.1. Unfortun ately,2. It is hoped that the report will go out to shareholders no later tha n June 1.Hopefully, 3. It is odd eno ugh that he did not raise any object ion to the pla n.Oddly eno ugh, 4. Rightly,5. Luckily,6. Fort un ately,7. It

31、 is stra nge eno ugh that the burglar should not have take n the diam ond away.Stran gely eno ugh,II.Type 1 expresses a judgme nt on the whole and mean while the subject, so three types of sentence structures can be used;Type 2 expresses no judgme nt on the subject.1. It was right that / They were r

32、ight to have2. It was foolish that /t was foolish of the boy not to sayw asfoboyh not tosay .3. type 1.4. type 2.5. type 2.6. type 2.7. type 2: It was lucky that8. type 2: It is hoped thatIII. Relative wordsRelative words are used to refer to a noun mentioned before and of which we are adding more i

33、nformation. They are used to join two or more sentences in the way we call“ relative sentencese.g. I know many boys who / that play rugby.The shirt which / that Carl bought has a sta in on the pocket.This is the boy whose mother works for the BBC.Barn staple has a very old covered market where I bou

34、ght some lovely old plates.Sun day is the day whe n people usually don' t go to work.If the verb in the relative clause needs a preposition, we usually put it at the end of the clause:e.g. The music which / that Julie liste ns to is good.Sometimes, the prepositi on can also be placed before the

35、relative pronoun.e.g. My brother met a woma n with whom I used to work.It was the stream in which the elephant and the mouse preferred to swim.Notice that we cannot use who or that after a prepositi on, for the relative pronoun now serves as the object of the prepositi on.III. Practice: Fill in each

36、 bla nk with a proper relative word. Use“ prepositi on + relative wordn ecessary.1. Good writing is built on a solid framework of logic, argument, narrative, or motivationwhich / thatruns through the entire piece of writing and holds it together. This is the time_whenmany writers find it most effect

37、ive to outl ine as a way of visualiz ing the hidde n spineby whichthe piece of writi ng is supported.2. The eleme nt _on which_3. that4. James Russell is a man _for whom_ I have the greatest respect.5. with whom6. to whom7. of which8. at whichIV.1. where, where2. what, which3. what4. why5. where6. W

38、hen7. why8. which, which, whatIV. whatever, wherever, whoever, whichever, whe never, and howeverThe words whatever, wherever, whoever, whichever, whenever and however have similar meanings to “ no matteo, what, which ” .A word of this kind has a double function: it acts as a subject, object or adver

39、b in its own clause. It also acts as a conjunction joining its clause to the rest of the sentence.e.g. Whatever you may say, I am not going to take him back. (No matter what you say, .)Wherever you go, I shall follow you. (No matter where you go, I shall follow you.)Whoever disobeys the law must be

40、puni shed. (No matter who disobeys the law)However much he eats, he n ever gets fat. (No matter how much he eats,)These words are also used to suggest someth ing not defi nitely known.e.g. I shall come whe never I can slip away. We shall send whoever is available. You will have to be content with wh

41、atever you can get.V. Practice: Complete the following sentences with the appropriate words in the box. whoever wherever whateverhowever whe never whichever1. However2. _Whateverproblems you may have, we will help.3. whatever4. Wherever5. Take _whicheverbook you like best.6. whoever7. _Howeverlate i

42、t is, you must come to the party because it will be someth ing fan tastic.8. whe never / whe neverVI.1. not the most important thing it ' s the only thing2. eno ugh .Nor ratherPart three. Tran slati on exercisesI.1。不管我们的标准是什么，这个标准现在提高了，结果使你对自己没能得到更高的分数而感到失望。2。 由于缺乏更精确的衡量工具，我们至多只能把B看作一个模糊的符号，表示对你

43、掌握某 一科目的程度的判断，不过这种判断的准确性很值得怀疑。3。人的阶级属性和教育背景不尽相同，但凡是人都是血肉之躯，都有同样的恐惧感和欢愉 感，同样的痛苦感和成就感，这些共通的感受把他们连为一体；认识到这一点十分重要。4。然而和你们毕业离校之后将要进入的那片荒蛮无路、起伏跌宕的乡野相比，在样读书就 如同一条狭窄坦直、界限分明的公路。II。1. 他因急性阑尾炎住院治疗，结果连期末考试都没参加。（with the result that）Tran slatio n:He was hospitalized with acute appendicitis, with the result that

44、he missed the final exam in ati on.2. 前来听讲座的人数远远超出原来的计划，分发给大家的讲义不够了。（go round）Tran slatio n:As many more people came to the lecture tha n expected, there were not eno ugh han douts to go round.3. 不管一天工作有多忙，他在睡觉前总要看一下电子信箱里有没有新邮件。No matter what a long / busy day he may have, he makes a point of check

45、ing his e-mail in box before going to bed.4. 世界各国都有失业问题，但各国政府处理这个问题的方法不尽相同。（han dle）Unemployment is found in all countries in the world, but governments vary in their way to han dle the problem.5。 第一次来到异国的人往往会感到自己周围的一切既陌生，又有趣。(be apt to)Tran slatio n:Anyone who has come to a foreign country for the

46、first time is apt to find everything around him both stra nge and in teresti ng.6. The football fans were very disappo in ted at the performa nee of the players of both teams.7. 他的话，你得好好想一想，千万不要他说什么你就信什么。(take at face value)Tran slatio n:Never take what he says at face value. Think it over yourself.

47、8。The doctor ' s words removed his fearsidbbe operation.VI Writ ing PracticeParagraph developme nt Classificati onIn our daily life we are constantly organizing things in one way or another. Classification is the grouping of items into categories according to some consistent principle. Most fami

48、lies of things can be divided or classified according to several different principles. The key to good classification writing is to use a single rule of division for each part. Classification is done of things that bel ong to one family, things that have someth ing in com mon, but the purpose of cla

49、ssification is to compare and contrast them, showing their differences, so that the reader might have a better understanding of them. Classification is extensively used in technical writing, but the strategy can also be used for non tech ni cal purposes. Origi nal and in terest ing classificati on f

50、or rhetorical effect can surprise the readers and capture their atte nti on.Words and expressi ons often used for classificatio n in clude, among many others, the follow ing: in clude, comprise, contain, have, be sorted in to, be classified in to, differ in, be divided in to, be a type of, fall un d

51、er, bel ong to, be a part of, fit in to, be grouped with, and be associated with.Exercises: Write two paragraphs based on the following topic sentences with the classification strategy.1. High school teachers tend to sort their students into the following categories: pleasant high achievers, unpleas

52、ant high achievers, the average, pleasant underachievers, and unpleasant un derachievers.Ideas for refere nee:The pleasant high achievers take part in various kinds of activities happily and study effectively, efficie ntly and fruitfully.The un pleasa nt high achievers concen trate on school work wi

53、th high scores, but without pleasure. The average achievers studies sufficiently but doesn' t work more than necessary.The pleasa nt un derachievers make little efforts in school work, but make use of every opport unity't deal with school worktwWhdue approaches, nor canto enjoy themselvesThe

54、 un pleasa nt un derachievers can they find pleasure in life.2. In Shan ghai, the most popular En glish Ian guage exam in ati ons in clude, among others, TEM 4, TEM 8, I nterpreter Certificate, TOEFL, and IELTS.Ideas for refere nee:There are regi onal differe nces betwee n the five tests.The five te

55、sts differ in their compulsoriness.Testees受试者、应考人 are also divided on the purposes for which they take the five tests.Sample:In Shan ghai, the most popular En glish Ian guage exam in ati ons in clude, among others, TEM 4, TEM 8, Interpreter Certificate, TOEFL, and IELTS. There are some differences b

56、etween these tests. The first three, TEM 4 (short for“ Test for En glish Majors Band 4” ), TEM 8 and In terpCertificate, are domestic tests, and among them Interpreter Certificate is a local one, peculiar to the city. Both TOEFL (Test of En glish as a Foreig n Lan guage) and IELTS (Intern ati onal E

57、n glishLan guage Testi ng System) are intern ati onal tests, orga ni zed by the America n and British educati onal authorities respectively. The five tests differ in their compulsori ness. The first two are compulsory: almost all college En glish majors are required to take them; the other three fal

58、l un der the optional group. Besides, testees are also divided on the purposes for which they take the five tests. They sit in the two mandatory tests for their bachelor 'degree, whil e the Interpreter Certificate is popular because it helps whe n a holder of it is look ing for a job. Un like them, participants in