《中考语法完全突破记忆大纲》第3讲：代词

1、真诚为您提供优质参考资料，若有不当之处，请指正。第三讲：代词一.代词的分类代词是用来代替名词（或名词性结构）的词。九类：人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，相互代词，指示代词，不定代词，疑问代词，连接代词和关系代词。 （人物反相指，不疑连关词）二.代词详解1. 人称代词(1) 定义:表示“你，我，他/她/它及其复数”的代词称为人称代词。人称第一人称第二人称第三人称 数格单复单复单复主格Iweyouhesheitthey宾格meushimherthem(2). 用法 作主语(用主格）如: We eat to live; we dont live to eat. 作宾语（用宾格）如: They gave

2、 him some books. 作表语（主格，宾格皆可）如: It must be he.(主格）It was him that I saw yesterday.（宾格）注意：人称代词作主语，其后不带谓语动词时，在口语中常用宾格。如: Does anyone know him? Me.(3) it的用法 主要用于指代上文提到的事物，也可用于指代婴儿或不明身份的人如: -Whats this? -Its a book.(=This is a book.)I bought a pen last week, but I lost it yesterday.Who is it?Its Tom. 指代

3、天气, 温度, 时间, 距离, 环境等。如: It s cold today. Its ten oclock now. 用作形式主语如: Its important to master English.(it=to master English) 用作形式宾语如：I found it interesting to teach English.(it=to teach English)2.物主代词 (1) 定义: 表示某物属于“谁的”的代词称为物主代词。人称第一人称第二人称第三人称数单复单复单复形容词性myouryourhisheritstheir名词性mineoursyourshersthei

4、rs(2) 用法形容词性的物主代词:只用作定语如: I havent got your name. 名词性物主代词: 可用作主，宾，表语。如: Hers is a new bike. I dont like hers. Victory will be ours.3.反身代词(1) 定义: 表示“某人自已”的代词称为反身代词。单数都以self结尾，复数则以selves结尾。人称第一人称第二人称第三人称数单复单复单复myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselves(2) 用法 作宾语如: God help those w

5、ho help themselves.(自助者，天助之。) You should be proud of yourself. 作表语如: The master of your fate is yourself.（命运的主人是你自己。） Im not myself today. （我今天不舒服。） 同位语如：The matter itself is not important.You should ask Tom himself. 作主语单独的反身代词不用作主语，但在“A and/or/nor B”结构作主语时，B可以用反身代词。如: James and myself did it.4.相互代词

6、(1) 定义: 表示相互关系的代词称为相互代词。只有两个：each other和one another。它们都表示“彼此”.(2) 用法each other用于两者及以上之间one another用于三者及以上之间如: We should help each other/one another.5.指示代词(1) 定义:用于指明一定的人或事物时所用的代词称为指示代词。指示代词:this(这个),that（那个),these(这些),those(那些）this,that指代单数或不可数名词these/those指代可数名词复数this/these指时空上近的事物that/those指时空上较远的

7、事物(2)用法 形容词性用法-作定语如: This desk is small and that one is big. 名词性用法-主要用作主，宾语.如: This is Bill. Do you like that?注意:that可在句中代替前面出现过的单数可数或不可数名词，以避免重复。 如：The climate of Qingdao is cooler than that of Beijing. (that=climate)当其所代替的名词为复数时用those。如：The apples in the basket are bigger than those on the floor.

8、6. 不定代词1) 定义:不指明代替任何特定名词的代词。常见不定代词有:all ,both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no，something, anything, everything, nothing , somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, someone, anyone, everyone, no one, none等。 2) 用法要点:(1)every/each. every只能作定语

9、，后接单数可数名词，指代三者或三者以上的人或事物中的每一个。如: Every student is present.（每个学生都在场。） Every man has his weak side.（每个人都有弱点。） each指代两者或两者以上的人或事物中的每一个，可以在句中作主语，宾语，定语，同位语。如:Each of the students will get a book.（主语）I gave a piece of cake to each of the children.（宾语）He had a pen in each hand. (定语)They each have a book. （

10、同位语）(2)some, any二者都可以用作主语，宾语或定语。可以代替或修饰可数名词（单复数均可）或不可数名词。 some一般用于肯定句中。其修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词时，表示“一些”，修饰可数名词单数时表示“某个”，用于数字前时则可表示“大约”。some用于疑问句时，则表示希望得到对方肯定回答的请求或建议。如：Some have gone back home.(主语） We like some of them.（宾语） I have some books.（定语） May I have some water? （表请求） Should we get some oil? （表建议） any

11、多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，也可用于肯定句，表示“任何；任一”。如:Have you any brother/brothers?I dont like any of these books. 我不喜欢这些书。Take any book(s) you like.试比较: I dont like some of these books. 这些书中有些我不喜欢。(3)either, neither代替或修饰可数名词单数形式。在句中用作定语，主语，宾语，表语。either指“（两个人或物中的）任何一个”，表肯定意义。neither则表示“（两个人或物中的）任何一个也不”，为否定意义。这两个词作主语

12、时，谓语动词需用单数。如：Does either of you know where I can buy such a pen?（主语）There is tea or coffeeyou can have either.（宾语）He sat in the back of the car with a policeman on either side. （定语）他坐在车子后面，一边坐着一个警察。Both players have been warned, but neither of them takes it seriously. (主语）两个运动员都受到了警告，但是他们都不把它当回事。I l

13、ike neither of them.（宾语）Neither parent cares what happens to the child.（定语）(4)many/muchmany代替或修饰可数名词复数，much则代替或修饰不可数名词。在句中用作定语，主语，宾语，表语。如: Many want to join us.(主语）We are many, and they are few.（表语）Much has been said on it. （主语）He didnt say much about it.（宾语）There was too much work for one person（定语

14、）(5) little/a little, few/ a few little/a little代替或修饰不可数名词; few/a few代替或修饰可数名词。都可用作定语，主语，宾语，表语。little/few表示否定意义，意为“几乎没有”;a little/a few意为“有一点/有几个”，表示肯定意义，说明虽然不多但是有。如：A little is enough.（主语）We just need a little.（宾语）There is only a little milk. （定语）注意：only，just，quite与a few、a little为固定搭配。I have many i

15、nteresting books, and here are just a few.There are only a few people.She has cooked quite a few dinners over the years. (相当多的）(6)a lot (of), lots (of)修饰或代替复数可数名词或不可数名词。作主语，宾语，表语。 如：A lot has been said on this.（主语）Ive learned a lot from him.（宾语）Thats a lot.（表语）注意：a lot/lots不可直接置于名词前，其后接名词时，必须用a lot

16、of/lots of。如：A lot of work has been done.There were lots of people at the party.(7) one / other两者都可指代或修饰人或物，在句中作主语， 宾语，表语，定语 。 one代指单数可数名词，其复数形式为ones。如: One can do what one likes here.（主语）-Have you got a camera?-No.-Oh, you should buy one.（宾语） They are all old ones.（表语）other可指代或修饰单数或复数可数名词； the othe

17、r用于指代单数名词，表示“（两者中的）另一个”。如: She has two sisters. One is a nurse and the other is a teacher.(主语）Some of them want to help him. The others want to stop him.（主语）There are other people there.（定语）She is ready to help others.（宾语）(8) none/no one(no body)none可代指可数名词（单复数皆可）和不可数名词,可指人也可指物，其与名词连用时需有of。在句中作主语，宾语

18、，表语。如：None of us is/are ready.（主语）I like none of the books.（宾语） no one/no body只能代指人。其作主语时，谓语动词用单数。none表示在某群人中（某个范围内）没有做某事的人，常用来回答how many提问的句子；而no one/no body则表示“没有人”，用来回答who开头的问句及其它没有限定范围的一般问句。如: -How many students are there in the classroom?-None.-How many of you have ever been to America?-None.-Who can answer this