小学语法名词

1、i一、名词概述1、名词的定义：2、名词的种类：（1）普通名词:个体名词：间）、fan（风集体名词： 们）、family （家 group（集团）。物质名词： 质。如fire milk （牛奶）。抽象名词： labor（劳动）、 friendship（友情）第二章名词名词是指表示人、事、物、地点或抽象概念的词。表示一类人、事物或抽象概念的名称。普通名词又可进一步分为四类：表示单个的人和事物。如 car（汽车）、room（房 扇）、photo（照片）。表示一群人或一些事物的名称。如people（人庭）、army（军队）、government；政府）、表示物质或不具备确定形状或大小的个体的物（火）、

2、stea 1（专冈）、air （空气）、water（水）、表示动作、状态、品质或其他抽象概念。如health；健康）、life （生活）、patience（耐力）。(2)专有名词： 表示特定的人、地方、称谓、机构、语言、国民、星期、月份、节日名称等，专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。二、名词考点纵览知识点考点考点对应典型例题剖析考点一：名词的可数性问题考点1:不口数名词的量的表不法。不口数名词没有复数形式，前面不能直接 a/an表水 不可数名词的量，表本不可数名词的量由两种方法：1、 用 some, any, a little, little, much, a lot of 等表不e 的多少，如

3、some milk,a lot of water 等。作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。2、用“a/an+量词+of+名词”的形式来表达。如果要 表达两个或两个以上的概念时，量词部分用复数形 式，不可数名词不变，如 a cup of tea, two glasses of juice 等。典型例题1I'm hungry. I'd like to have.A. two bowl of riceB. two bowls of ricesC. two bowls of riceD. two bowls rice答案：C典型例题2Give me chalk, please.A. aB.

4、 piece ofC. a pieceD. a piece of答案：D典型例题3一些面包在桌上。Someon the table.答案：bread is考点2:可数名词的复数形式1 .可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。A.可数名词复数的变化规则如下：(1) 一般情况词尾加 s,如 book books, desQdesks 等。其读音规则是在清辅音后读s,在元音和浊辅 音后读z。(2)以s, x, sh, ch等结尾的名词，通常在词尾加es： bus-buses, boz boxes, dishdishes等。其读音为iz。(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，变y为i再加es： familyfa

5、milies, butterflybutterflies。其读音为z。(4)以f、fe结尾的词，把f或fe变为v再加es：leaf leaves, lifelives 等，其读音为 vz。(5)以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，直接加 s： toytoys,其读音为z 。B.可数名词复数的不规则变化如下：(1)改变单数名词中的元音字母，读音改变。man men, womanwomen, foot feet, tooth - teeth, mouses mice(2)单复数形式相同，读音不变。sheeps sheep, deerdeer, Chinese Chinese, Japanese Japan

6、ese(3)其他形式： child children(4)某国人变复数的规则如下：中国人Chinese Chinese日 本人Japanese Japanese英国人Englishman Englishmen法国人Frenchman- Frenchmen美国人AmericanAmericans阿拉伯人ArabArabs埃及人Egyptian Egyptians德国人German- Germans澳大利亚 AustralianAustralians可借用口诀记忆，即中日不变英法变，其余 s加后 面。2 .以o结尾的名词变复数时，有生命的名词在词尾 加e§ 无生命的名t在词尾加s。(ka

7、ngaroo和bamboo 除外)力口 es: potato, tomato, hero, Negro, mango力口 s： zoo, radio, photo, piano, kangaroo, bamboo3 .如果复合名词前面的名词是 man或 woman,变 复数时，构成复合名词的两个名词全部都要变成复 数形式；如果是其他词，变复数时，只需把后面的 名词变成复数形式。man teacher men teachers,woman driver -women drivers,boy student boy students, apple tree apple trees典型例题1How

8、many(sheep) are there on the hill?答案：sheep典型例题2I like taking (photo).答案：photos典型例题3A. Thirty (family) live in this building.答案：families典型例题4Most of the tourists on the coach are(German),and only two of them are(Japanese).答案：Germans Japanese典型例题5How many (woman doctor) are there inthe hospital?答案： wo

9、men doctors考点二：名词的所有格考点1:名词所启格的表达1 .有生命的名词所有格在词尾加's。若是复数并以s 或es结尾的名词只加“表示时间、空间、距 离、价格重量的名词所有格和表示世界、国家和城镇的所有格及某些习惯表达法也使用s所有格。2 .无生命的名词用of构成所启格。典型例题1他是我父亲的朋友。(两种)He is myHe is the my答案：father s friend; friend of father典型例题2Peter isA. a friend of mineB. a my friendC. a friend of my motherD. mine fr

10、iend答案：A 典型例题3-Whose boxes are these?-They are the.A. children'sB. childrens"C. childrenD. childs答案：A考点2:几个人共同拥有一样东西的所有格表达法：只需在最后一个人的名字后加s。典型例题1It's bedroom. Its clean and bright.A. Lily and LucyB. Lily andLucy sC. Lily's and LucyD. Lily's andLucy s答案：B典型例题2Mr. Black isfather. H

11、e loves them very much.A. Liz and Lily'sB. Liz'sC. Liz's and Lily'sD. Lily s答案：A典型例题3Mr. Green isfather.A. Jim's and KateB. Jim's andKate sC. Jim and KateD. Jim andKate s答案：D考点3:双重所启格的表达of +名词所有格of+名词性物主代词典型例题1他是我哥哥的个朋友。答案： He is a friend of my brother' s.典型例题2她是你的其中一个女儿吗

12、？答案：Is she a daughter of yours?考点4: ' s所启格与of所启格用法比较of所后格既口用于有生叩的人或物，也可用于无生 命的东西。当用于有生命的人或物时，of所启格有 时可以与s所有格互换。如：Mr. Smith ' s son = the son of MSmith 史密斯先生的儿子Jim ' s patience = the patience of Jim姆的耐心the Queen ' s arrivah e arrival of the Queen 女王的到达考点5: ' s所后格、of所后格和双重所后格二者之间的细

13、微区别。比较卜面三句话：1. She is Mary ' s brother ' s friend2. She is a friend of Mary's brother3. She is a friend of Mary's brother ' s例句1用的是 所启格，侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥 是朋友关系，突出friend一词。例句2用的是of所有格，侧重说明她和 Mary的哥哥是朋友关系，强调矢出了 Mary s brother例句3用的是双重所有格，侧重说明Mary哥哥的朋 友不止是一个，她只是其中的一个。考点三：名词在句中的作用1 .作主语En

14、glish is very useful.英语很有用。The children are playing games happily.孩子们在高 兴地做游戏。2 .作定语（一般用单数形式，但 sports除外） paper tigers 纸老虎work places工作的地方sports shoes 运动鞋3 .作及物动词和介词的宾语She works hard at Chinese every day.她每天努力地 学中文。I like English.我喜欢英语。4 .作表语Tom is my good friend.汤姆是我的好朋友。We are all students.我们都是学生。5

15、 .作宾语补足语They chose the boy monitor.他 4选刃 B 个男孩当I find her a kind teacher.我觉得她是个善良的老师。6 .作状语My father will come back next Monday.我父亲将于 下周一回来。Please wait a moment.请等一等。7 .作同位语This is Miss Smith, our English teacher.这位是史密 斯小姐，我们的英语老师。He, an ordinary worker, did a lot of uncommon things. 他，一个平凡的工人，做了很多不

16、寻常的事。10三、综合练习1. 单项选择题（） 1. They got much from those new books.A. ideas B. photosC. newsD.stories （） 2. I have two and three bottles of here.A. orange, orangeB. oranges, orangesC. oranges, orangeD. orange, oranges（） 3. Every evening Mr. King takes a to his home .A. 25 minutes walk B. 25 minute s walk

17、C. 25 minute walkD. 25 minutes walk（） 4. An old wants to see you.A. peopleB. personC. the peopleD. the person（） 5. Help yourself to .A. chickens and apples B. chickens and appleC. chicken and appleD. chicken and apples（） 6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two .A. room s numberB. rooms numberC. room numbersD.

18、 rooms numbers（） 7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become hersecond .A. familyC. homeB. houseD. room（） 8. mothers couldn gto to the meeting, becausetheyhave gone to Shanghai .A. Mary and Peter sB. Mary and PeterC. Mary s and PeterD. Mary s and Peter s（） 9. Li Lei has been to many

19、 times this month.A. her uncleB. her uncle sC. her unclesD. aunt s（） 10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn t in teaching.A. many experiencesB. much experienceC. an experienceD. a lot experience11 are going to see a filmA. Green sB. The Green sC. The GreensD. The Green12. Mrs. Green isA. Lucy&#

20、39; s and LilyC. Lucy and Lily13. Ben saw fortyA. thiefesC. thief_mothe r's B. Lucy and Lily ' sD. Lily's and Lucy_in a caveB. thievesD. thiefs14. Dongdong is one of the Chinesein our school.A. boyC. boiesB. boysD. boyes15.This is theroom.A. childrenB. childrens 'C. childrenD. childr

21、ens16. -Is that-Yes, it is.A. a pair of glassB. two pair of glassesC. a pair of glassesD. glasses)17. Hong Wei is making a card. She wants aof scissors.A. packetB. bottleC. pairD. pairs)18. These bottles ofare fresh.A. milkC. jamsB. milksD. milkes)19. A friend ofwill come this evening.A. Denny '

22、 sB. DennyC. Dennys 'D. Dennys)20. This is a big room. Its th eiiB. twins roomA. twins room21C. twins ' roomD. twin rooms()21. There are three and seven in the picture.A. deers; sheepsB. deers;sheepC. deer;sheepD. deer;sheeps()22. Yesterday, Mrs. Smith gave us on how to deal withstress.A. an

23、 adviceB. manyadvicesC. some adviceD. a pair ofadvice ()23. -Would you like something to drink, girls?-Yes, , please.A. some orangesB. two boxesof chocolateC. two boxes of cokeD. two coke()24. Whatit is to go surfing in weather!A. a great fun; such fineB. a great fun;such a fineC. great fun; such fi

24、neD. great funs;such a fine()25. The theme park is about ride from the museum. Youshould start out right now.A. two hourB. twohour ' sC. two hours 'D. two hours()26. Look at the map. It ' s .A. a map of AmericanB. a map ofAmericaC. an American mapD. a map toAmerica)27. -What are those?B.

25、 They areD. They areB. carsD. shipesA. They are knife.knives.C. They are Peter ' ksife.knifes.()28. We are in model group.A. shipsC. plane()29. -Whose crayon is that?-ItB. MikeA. MikeC. for Mike ' sD. Mikes()30. We have on Saturday.A. not lessonB. nolessons C. schoolD. lesson()31. Last night

26、, there was a food accident. The were ill,but no were lost.A. child, livesB. children,lifeC. children, livesD. child, life()32. This is a photo of when they were young.A. my father and motherB. mymother and father' sC. my mothers 'and fathers 'D. myfather ' s and my mother()33. The n

27、ew student is in, Grade Two.A. Class ThirdB. ThirdClassC. Class ThreeD. Three class()34. Today is September 10th. It's Day. Let ' s go andbuy some flowers for our teachers.A. TeachersB. TeachersD. Teacher s35. The market isnt far from here. Its only _b_ic_y_c_le_ride.A. half an hoursB. half

28、an hour sC. half an hourD. an hourand a half36. - What would you like to drink, girls?, please.A. Two cup of coffeeB. Two cupsof coffecoffeesC. Two cups of coffeeD. Two cups of37. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmassongs forA. funB. wishesC. interestD. thanks38. Someare flying k

29、ites near the river.A. childB. boyC. boysD. childs39. After the exam, wellahaveholiday.C. the TeachersB. two-weeksA. two weeksC. two weeks'D. two week's() 40. They are those bags. Please put them on the bus.A. visitorB. visitorsC. visitor sD. visitors () 41.- How many workers are there in yo

30、ur factory?- There are two .A. hundredsB. hundredC. hundred ofD. hundredsof) 42. -What do you think of the the Moonlight Sonata byBeethoven?- It sounds really wonderful.A. subjectB. musicC. bookD. animal) 43. There is not enough in the corner for the fridge.A. placeB. roomC. fieldD. ground) 44. come

31、s from sheep and some people like eating itA. WoolB. PorkC. MuttonD. Milk) 45. If you don t take more , you ll get fat.B. lessonsA. medicineC. photosD. exercise46. My school is about twenty walk from here.A. minuteB. minutes C. minutes sD. minutes() 47. Mum, I have to tell you!A. a good newsB.somegood newsC. some news goodD.manygood news () 48. Which is the to the post office?A. streetB. wayC. roadD. address49. I stayed at last Sunday.A. my unclesB. my uncles C. my uncle sD. my uncle50. Maths not easy to learn.A. areB. isC. amD. were2用所给名词的适当形式填空1 The (child) are talking to their