高考英语 适用于第一轮复习的定语从句(1)课件 新人教版

1、定语从句难点考点总结定语从句难点考点总结（一）（一）定语从句的基本概念定语从句的基本概念正确选用关系词正确选用关系词介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词 1.He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。 2. He who makes no mistakes makes nothing. 想不犯错误，就一事无成。想不犯错误，就一事无成。 3. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。不到长城非好汉。 4. God helps those who

2、help themselves. 自助者天助。自助者天助。 5. Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人世上无难事，只怕有心人这是我的杯子这是我的杯子这是装满水的杯子。这是装满水的杯子。 这是我昨天买的杯子。这是我昨天买的杯子。总结总结: :当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时，当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时， 就用短语；就用短语； 如果短语还不能满足，就用从句。如果短语还不能满足，就用从句。This is my cup.This is the cup full of

3、 water.This is the cup which I bought yesterday.修饰修饰某一某一名词或代词名词或代词的的从句从句叫定语从句。叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后被被定语从句定语从句修饰修饰的的词词叫先行词叫先行词引导引导定语从句的词叫关系词。定语从句的词叫关系词。名词名词/ /代词代词 + + 定语从句（定语从句（关系词关系词其他成分）其他成分） 引导引导定语从句定语从句 代替代替先行词在定语从句中的位置先行词在定语从句中的位置 在定语在定语从句中从句中担当一个成分担当一个成分The man who he is

4、 shaking handswith my father is a policeman.The girl whom I talked with her just now is my good friend. 关关 系系 词词关系代词关系代词that , which, who, whom, whose, as 关系副词关系副词When, where, why 关系词关系词先行词所指先行词所指关系词在句中作用关系词在句中作用关系关系代词代词人人/ /物物主、宾主、宾物物主、宾主、宾人人主、宾主、宾人人宾宾人人/ /物物定定关系关系副词副词时间时间时间状语时间状语地点地点地点状语地点状语原因原因原因

5、状语原因状语thatwhichwhowhomwhosewhenwherewhy 如何选择关系词如何选择关系词？1.The man _came to our school is Mr. Wang.2.We shall never forget the days _we spent together.3. We shall never forget the days _we lived together.总结总结:Step 1 判定判定主从句主从句部分部分Step 2 判定判定先行词先行词Step 3 看先行词看先行词在从句中充当何成分在从句中充当何成分。 who/that that/which/

6、 省略省略 when1.The number of people _come to visit this city each year reaches one million.2.Where is the man _ I saw this morning?3.The book _ you introduced to me this morning is very good.4.The season _ comes after spring is e to visit this city each year I saw this morningyou introduced to me this

7、morningcomes after spring who/ that who/ whom which/ that/略略 which/ that5.I visited a scientist_ name is known all over the is knownall over the country. whose6. I still remember the day_ I first came to this school.this school.I first came to when7. Shanghai is the city _ I was born.I

8、was born.8.The reason_ he was punished is unknown to us. wherehe was punished whyfor which. (1) The school _ he once studied in is very famous. The school _ he once studied is very famous. (2) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine _ you asked for. Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine _ you asked. (

9、3) Well go to hear the famous singer _we have often talked about. Well go to hear the famous singer _ we have often talked. that/whichin whichthat/which for whichwhom/that/who about whom难点：难点：介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词关系代词前介词关系代词前介词(介词介词which)的确定的确定1.1.根据根据从句从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系中动词与先行词的逻辑关系e.g. Is that the newspaper

10、 _which you often write articles? 2. 根据根据从句从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配中动词或形容词的习惯搭配e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms _which Im not sure.3. 根据根据先行词先行词与介词的搭配习惯与介词的搭配习惯e.g. 1949 was the year _which the P.R.C. was founded.foraboutinthe newspaper how to use these idiomsthe year 1.foronwithoutbyatof选用正

11、确的选用正确的介词：介词：1.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_ istheYellowRiver.2.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_hadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.3.Helovedhisparentdeeply,_whomareverykindtohim.(父母俩都父母俩都)4.Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,_whichhavegonebad.5.Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,_wh

12、omarefrombigcities.ofwhichofwhich介词介词+关系代词关系代词(which/whom)的情况的情况（其中有些（其中有些）(他们中的大部分他们中的大部分)both ofsome of most of启示：启示：1.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用_不可用不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用；关系代词指物时只可用_,不可用不可用that.关系代词是所有格时用关系代词是所有格时用_。2.当先行词时表示时间，地点，原因的名词时，当先行词时表示时间，地点，原因的名词时，on / in / at / for whi

13、ch =_when/ where / why whom which whoseTranslation(使用定语从句) 发生在发生在5 5月月1212日的汶川大地震是日的汶川大地震是2121世纪中国最世纪中国最可怕的灾难之一。它不但给人们带来了巨大可怕的灾难之一。它不但给人们带来了巨大的损坏，而且破坏了很多建筑物，这使得成的损坏，而且破坏了很多建筑物，这使得成千上万的人无家可归，甚至失去生命。救援千上万的人无家可归，甚至失去生命。救援队伍挽救了成千上万的被困在或埋在废墟底队伍挽救了成千上万的被困在或埋在废墟底下的人们。临时住所也建了起来，幸存者可下的人们。临时住所也建了起来，幸存者可以安全地住在

14、里面。以安全地住在里面。 5 5月月1212日发生在汶川的大地震是日发生在汶川的大地震是2020世纪中国世纪中国最可怕的灾难之一。最可怕的灾难之一。 The earthquake which happened in Wenchuan The earthquake which happened in Wenchuan on May 12 is one of the most terrible disasters in on May 12 is one of the most terrible disasters in China in the 20China in the 20thth cent

15、ury. century. 它不但给人们带来了巨大的损坏，而且破坏它不但给人们带来了巨大的损坏，而且破坏了很多建筑物，这使得成千上万的人无家可了很多建筑物，这使得成千上万的人无家可归，甚至失去生命。归，甚至失去生命。 It not only caused great damage to people but It not only caused great damage to people but also destroyed many buildings, which made also destroyed many buildings, which made thousands of pe

16、ople homeless, or even dead.thousands of people homeless, or even dead. 救援队伍挽救了成千上万的被困在或埋在废救援队伍挽救了成千上万的被困在或埋在废墟底下的人们。墟底下的人们。 The rescue team saved those who were trapped The rescue team saved those who were trapped or buried under the ruins.or buried under the ruins. 临时住所也建了起来，幸存者可以安全地住临时住所也建了起来，幸存者

17、可以安全地住在这里。在这里。 Shelters were set up, which were safe for the Shelters were set up, which were safe for the survivors to live in.survivors to live in.Read the passage again The earthquake which happened inWenchuan The earthquake which happened inWenchuan on May 12 is one of the most terrible disaster

18、s on May 12 is one of the most terrible disasters in China in the 20in China in the 20thth century. It not only caused century. It not only caused great damage to people but also destroyed many great damage to people but also destroyed many buildings , which made thousands of people buildings , whic

19、h made thousands of people homeless, or even dead. The rescue team saved homeless, or even dead. The rescue team saved those who were trapped or buried under the those who were trapped or buried under the ruins. Shelters were set up, which were safe for ruins. Shelters were set up, which were safe f

20、or the survivors to live in.the survivors to live in.Homework: Finish exercises on P352 and P353 (金榜一号金榜一号)难点二：难点二：关系代词和关系副词如何关系代词和关系副词如何选择？选择？1.Thereason_hemissedthespeechisthatheforgotthetime.2.Thereason_hegaveussoundedreasonable.3.Illneverforgettheday_wespenttogetherinParis.4.Illremembertheday_we

21、stayedtogether.5.Thisisthefactory_wevisitedlastyear.6.Thisisthehouse_Lincolnoncelived.引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看 _或者说，假如把或者说，假如把先行词放到从句中是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。先行词放到从句中是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。whythat/whichthat/whichwhenthat/whichwhere结论：结论：他们在从句中作什么成份而定他们在从句中作什么成份而定7.(1)Hestilllivesintheroom_windowfacestoth

22、esouth.(2)Hestilllivesintheroom_isinthenorthofthecity.whosewhich8.(1)Iwillneverforgetthedays_westudiedtogether.(2)Iwillneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.whenthat 9.(1)Thereason_hedidntcomewasthathewasill.(2)Thereason_heexplainedisnottrue.whythat10.(1)Wewillmeetatthesameplace_wemetlastmonth.(2)Wewil

23、lmeetatthesameplace_wevisitedlastmonth.wherethat难点三：难点三：as as 与与 whichwhich如何如何 选择？选择？ This is the same pen _I bought yesterday。 I want to have such a dictionary _he has. 3. _we expect, we won the game. 4._ is known to all, he is the best student in our class. asasAsAs1.先行词被先行词被 _修饰了的时候一般修饰了的时候一般 用用

24、as.2.as引导定语从句可放在引导定语从句可放在_3.as译为译为_。总结：总结：the same, such, so句首，句中句首，句中正如，好像正如，好像4.as 用于固定表达中用于固定表达中 as we all know as you see as we all can see as is well known as we expect as often happens as I can remember 大家都知道大家都知道这一点你明白这一点你明白正如我们都能看到的那样正如我们都能看到的那样众所周知众所周知正如我们预料的那样正如我们预料的那样这经常发生这经常发生正如我所记得的正如我所

25、记得的 5.He married her, _was natural. as / which6.Tom was late for school again and again, _made his teacher very angry.7.Tom suddenly fell ill, _made us sad.whichwhich1.which 1.which 引导定语从句只能放在引导定语从句只能放在_2.2.当主句和从句之间存在逻辑上的当主句和从句之间存在逻辑上的_时，时， 关系词往往只用关系词往往只用which.which.因果关系因果关系结论：结论：句中句中选词填空选词填空: It 或或

26、 asThe earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all, the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round.Itas AsItas 具有具有“正如正如”之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：如：as you know/ as you see/as we planned/as we expected定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as,难点四：难点四

27、：定语从句和其它句型的转换定语从句和其它句型的转换1.定语从句和非谓语动词：定语从句和非谓语动词：(1)TherearelotsofgoodEnglishprogrammeswhichareshownonTVinChina.TherearelotsofgoodEnglishprogrammes_onTVinChina.(2)AtonetimetherewerelongqueuesofpeoplewhowerewaitingoutsidetheCAACoffices.Atonetimetherewerelongqueuesofpeople_outsidetheCAACoffices. 结论：定语

28、从句是主动形式，用现在分词作定语结论：定语从句是主动形式，用现在分词作定语; ; 从句是被动形式，用过去分词。从句是被动形式，用过去分词。shownwaiting2.定语从句和并列句定语从句和并列句 1. I saw some trees, and the leaves of the trees were black with disease. I saw some trees, the leaves of _were black with disease.2. The professor is an ordinary-looking little man, but on his nose t

29、here is a pair of golden glasses.The professor is an ordinary-looking little man, on the nose of _there is a pair of golden glasses.结论：结论：是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键whichwhom3.定语从句和状语从句定语从句和状语从句(1)Thisissuchabigstone_noonecanliftit.Thisissuchabigstone_noonecanlift.(2)Pleaseputthelette

30、rinthedrawer_hecaneasilyfindit.Pleaseputtheletter_hecaneasilyfindit.结论：结论：定语从句中的关系词在从句中要作一个成分定语从句中的关系词在从句中要作一个成分状语从句中的引导词是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分状语从句中的引导词是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分thatasinwhichwhere(=where)4.定语从句和名词性从句定语从句和名词性从句 Hedidall(that)hecouldtohelpme.(2)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.(3)_isknowntousall,theearthtur

31、nsroundthesun.Itisknowntousall_TaiwanbelongstoChina.(4)_isknowntousallisthattheearthissmallerthanthesun.AsthatWhat(=what)(=what)结论：结论：定语从句只起修饰作用，在主句中不担当成份定语从句只起修饰作用，在主句中不担当成份名词性从句在主句中担当成分名词性从句在主句中担当成分5.定语从句和强调句定语从句和强调句(1)Itisinthisroom_Ilivedlastyear.Itistheroom_Ilivedlastyear.(2)Itwasatsevenoclock_

32、hewenttoschoolthismorning.Itwassevenoclock_hewenttoschoolthismorning.结论：结论：强调句句型：强调句句型：It is/was +It is/was +被强调的成份被强调的成份+that/who +that/who +其它部其它部分去掉分去掉 It is/wasIt is/was.that/who.that/who , ,句子照样成立。而定语从句子照样成立。而定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成份。句的引导词在句中要作一成份。thatwhere/inwhichthatwhen6.定语从句和同位语从句定语从句和同位语从句(1)Thene

33、ws_ourvolleyballteamwonthematchmadeusexcited.(2)Thenews_hetoldmeyesterdayisexciting.(3)Theproblem_weshouldanswerfortheaccidentiscleartoyou.(4)Theproblem_heaskedmetosolveishard.that that 引导引导 同位语从句，在从句中同位语从句，在从句中_，并且，并且引导的句子是引导的句子是_，在从句中，在从句中 ( (可可/ /不可不可) )省去，也不可用省去，也不可用which which 替代。替代。That/which

34、That/which 引导引导定语从句，在从句中充当成份，作宾语时定语从句，在从句中充当成份，作宾语时( (可可/ /不可不可) )省去，省去，从句起说明主句性质和特征的作用。从句起说明主句性质和特征的作用。thatthat/which/略略thatthat/which不充当任成份不充当任成份说明前一名词的内容说明前一名词的内容不可不可可以可以难点五：分割定语从句难点五：分割定语从句在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语状语。There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun.在先行词与

35、定语从句之间插入一个在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语定语。Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace？先行词与定语从句被先行词与定语从句被谓语谓语分隔开来。分隔开来。A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，主句谓语较短，为使句子平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语主句谓语较短，为

36、使句子平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语之后之后ten years agowill come tomorrowIn the sky1.定语从句只能用定语从句只能用that不用不用which的情况的情况 。 只能用只能用which不能用不能用that的情况的情况2.定语从句的谓语动词的单复数由定语从句的谓语动词的单复数由_ 决定。决定。3. the way作先行词的引导词作先行词的引导词_ _ _4.先行词是先行词是 situation, point, case 时，时，关系词多用关系词多用_ab其它常见问题：先行先行词词 that in which 省略省略 where1.Hedidall / eve

37、rything_hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisisthe verything_Iamafter.3.Wetalkedaboutthe men and the things_werememberedatschool.4.Heisthe onlyman_candothework.5.Thisisthe firstthing_Iwanttosay.6.Heisthe finestman_Ihaveeverworkedwith.7.Whoistheman_spoketoyouatthegate.8.Whichisthestar_isnearesttotheearth.that,which

38、orwho?thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat,which,whose,whomorwho?9.Isthereanythingelse_ youwanttosay?10.Anyperson_ hasthemoneycanjointhegroup.11.Heoftenspeakstheroleheplayedintheplay,_ madeothersupset.12.Heopenedthedoor,infrontof_ sataboy.13.Themanto_Ispokeisafamousscientist.14.Theboy_ motherisdeadw

39、asbroughtupbyhisfather.thatthatwhichwhich whomwhose当先行词是不定代词时当先行词是不定代词时,如如:All ,few, little, much, every, something, anything, everything, 等等只能用只能用that 做关系代词的情况做关系代词的情况当先行词被当先行词被the only, the very, the same, little, few, no, any等修饰时等修饰时只能用只能用that 做关系代词的情况做关系代词的情况 当人和物合做先行词时当人和物合做先行词时只能用只能用that 做关系代词的情况做关系代词的情况 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时只能用只能用that 做关系代词的情做关系代词的情况况 在疑问词在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中开头的句子中只能用只能用that 做关系代词的情做关系代词的情况况 在疑问词在疑问词who