2017年高考英语二轮复习专题07阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题(练)(含解析)

1、1专题7阅读理解W:篇章结构题1. 2016 北京卷DWhy college is not homeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy（自主性）and thedevelopme nt of adult ide ntity. However, now they are beco ming an exte nded period of adolesce nee, duri ng whichmany of todays stude nts are not shouldered wit

2、h adult resp on sibilities.For previous gen erati ons, college was a decisive break from pare ntal con trol; guida nee and support n eeded tocomefrom people of the same age and from with in. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with anddependence on family,thanks to cellphones,e-ma

3、il and social media,have in creased sig ni fica ntly. Some pare nts go so far as to help with coursework. In stead of promoti ng the idea ofcollege as a passage from the shelter of the family to aut onomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to thei dea that they should provide the s

4、ame environment as that of the home.To prepare for in creased aut onomy and resp on sibility,college n eeds to be a time of explorati onand experime ntati on. This process in volves “ tryingon ” new ways of thinking about on eself bothin tellectually（ 在思维方 面） and pers on ally. While we should provid

5、e “ safe spaces” within colleges, we must alsomake it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strictdebate and questioning.Lear ning to deal with the social world is equally importa nt. Because a college com muni ty（群体）differs from t

6、he family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators toregulate their social behaviour and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challe nge of finding an ide ntity with in a largerand complex com muni ty.Moreover, the tendency for universitiesto

7、 monitor and shape student behaviour runs up againstano ther characteristic of young adults: the resp onse to being con trolled by their elders. If acceptable social behaviour istoo strictly defi ned（规定）and con trolled, the insen sitive oraggressive behaviour that admi nistrators are seek ing to mi

8、ni mize may actually be en couraged.It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are2reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency.What is lacking today is the conflictbetween adolescents desire for autonom

9、y and theirunderstanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places toexperie nee in tellectual growth.Every college discussionabout community values, social climate and behaviour should includerecog niti on of the developme ntal importa

10、 nee of stude nt aut onomy and self-regulati on, of the n ecessary tensionbetwee n safety and self-discovery.70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?【文童大育】本文讲述的是大学生自主性和成人的身份认同的相关情况。最近二十年来的大学生比次 往的大学生更依赖家廡，对自己应负的社会责任和成长责任感下降。所以学技要加强学生的自主性、自我 约束、安全和自我发现方面的工作70 . C 文章结构

11、题。第一段提出论点：大学阶段应该是自我能力和个性发展的重要成长时期，然而现在 成了青春期的延伸期，在此期间，很多大学生没有承担起成年人的责任。第二段分析其原因：目前这一代 人，大学阶段本来应该是独立阶段，但是父母包办过多。第三、四段从学校、个人两方面谈到如何培养责 任感和社交能力；第五、六段是第三、四段观点的延伸。最后一段呼吁大学应该意识到培养学生自我发展 和自我规范的重要性。A.C.I : IntroductionP: PointB.D.Sp：Sub-point（次要点）C: Conclusion32.【2012 北京，DWilder ness“In wilderness（荒野）is the

12、 pres ervation of the world. ” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one ofthe fathers of envi ronmentalism.The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmentalprotection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of whatis to be preserved.As John Sauven of Gre

13、enpeace UK points out , there is a strong appeal in images of the wild , the untouched ; morethan anything else , they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly.The urge to leave the subject of suchimages un touched is strong , and the dan ger exploitation（开发）brings to such Iandscapes（景

14、观）is real.Some ofthese wilde rnesses also performfunctions that huma ns n eedthe rain forests , for example , store carb on in vast qua ntities.ToMr.Sauven , these “ ecosystem services ” f ar outweigh the gains from exploitation.Lee Lane, a visit ingfellow at the Huds on In stitute , takes the oppos

15、 ing view.He ack no wledgesthat wilder nesses do provide useful services, such as w ater con servati on .But that is not, heargues , a reas on toavoidall huma n prese nee , or in deed commercial and in dustrialexploitati on. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reas on ably and rightful

16、ly wantto have better lives , rather than merely struggle for survival.Whilethe ways of using resourceshave improved , there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses containthem in abundance.lfthey can be tapped without reduc ing the services those wildernesses provide ,the a

17、rgument goes , there is no further reason not to do so.Being untouched is not, in itself ,a characteristic worth val uing above all others.I look forward to seeing these views taken further , and to their being challenged by the other participa nts. Onechalle nge that suggests itself to me is that b

18、oth cases n eed to take on the question of spiritual value a little moredirectly.And there is a practicalquestion as to whetherwilder nesses can be exploited without harm.This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidaneeof reason.What position wilderness shou

19、ld enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more seriousthinking.70. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?B4CP Central Point P: Point Sp： Sub-point（次要点）C: Conclusion【答案】D【解析】结构理解题。文童第一段提出了中心论点：荒野是否值得保护,第二段提出了分观点：John勿u皆11认为荒f?的幵发是有害的；第三段提出了分观点：L茂La认为开发荒野是必需

20、的；第四段作者认 为应当客观地看待这两种观点最后一段给出结论：荒野是否值得f呆护需要更多的考虑。所臥选D项。3.【2011 陕西卷，D】Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s, genetically modified （GM ,转基因）foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the world,mai nly on the basis of their promise to end the world

21、wide food crisis. But can GMtech no logy solve world hunger problems?Even if it would, is it the best solution?Despite what it promises, GMtech no logy actually has not in creased the product ion pote ntial of any corp. In fact,studies show that the most crow n GM crop.GM soybea ns, has suffered red

22、uced productivity. For in sta nee, a report than an alyzed n early two decades of research on major GMfood crops shows that GMengin eeri ng has failed to sig ni ficantlyin creaseUS crop product ion.Something else, however, has been on the rise, While GMseeds are expensive, GMcompanies tell farmers5t

23、hat they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides （杀虫剂）.On the contrary, US gover nment data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall in crease inpesticide use compared to traditi onal crops. The promise was that you could use less chemicalsand boost product ion. But n eithe

24、r is true, said Bill Christe nson. Preside nt of the US Nati onalFarm Coaliti on.At the same time, the authors of the book World Hun ger: Twelve Myths argue that thereactually is more tha n eno ugh food in the world and that the hun ger crisis is not caused by product ion, but by problems infood dis

25、tributi on andpolitics. These in deed deserve our efforts and mon ey.Mean while, the rise in food prices results from the in creased use of crops for fuel rather tha nfood, accord ing to a 2008 World Bank report.As a matter of fact, scie ntists see better ways to feed the world. Ano ther World Bankr

26、eport con cluded that GM crops have little to offer to the challe nges of worldwide poverty andhunger, because better ways out are available, among which green farming is supposed to be the first choice.57.The author develops the sec ond paragraph mainlyA.by classificatio nB.by comparis onC.by examp

27、le D.by process【答案】C【解析】第二段王要通过举例来证明观点，故应选C项。4.【2010 重庆卷 C】It is hardly surprising that clothingmanufacturers（ 生产商）follow certain uniform standardsfor various features（特征）of clothes.What seems strange, however, is that the standard adoptedfor wome n is the opposite of the one formen .Take a look at

28、the way your clothes butt on.Men sclothes tend to butt on from the right , and women s from the left.C on sideri ngmost of the world spopulation men and wome are right-handed , the meri s standard would appear to make more sense for wome n.Sowhy do wome n s clothes butt on from the left?History real

29、ly seems to matter here.Butt ons first appeared only on the clothes of the rich in the 17th century , whenrichwomen were dressed by servants.Forthe mostly right-handedserva nts , havi ng wome n s shirts butt on from the left would be easier.O n the other hand, havi ngmeri s shirts butt on from the r

30、ight made sense , too.Most men dressed themselves , and a sword draw n from the left withthe right hand would be less likely to get caught in the shirt.Today womenare seldom dressed by servants , but buttoningfrom the left is still the standard6for them.ls it interesting? Actually , a standard , onc

31、e set , resists change.At a time when allwomen s s hirts buttoned fro.m the left , it would have been risky for any single manufacture tooffer women s shirts that buttoned from the right.After all, women had grown so used to shirtswhich butt oned from the left and would have to develop new habits an

32、d skills to switch.Besides,some women might have found it socially awkward to appear in public wearing shirts that buttoned from the right , sinceanyone who noticed that would believe they were wearing men s shirts.4. The passage is mainly developed by . _A. a nalyz ing causesB. mak ing comparis ons

33、C. examinin g differencesD. followi ng the time order【答案】A【解析】篇童结构题。文童先是提出畀女服装上系纽扣的区别，然后再分析这种习俗的熄因5.【2010 湖北卷 B】For many parents , raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by withoutany clear winner.Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war isabout

34、 boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do?Both sides want peace , but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict.In part,this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting i.From the parents point of view , the only causeof their fight is

35、 their adolesce nts complete un reas on able ness.A nd of course , the tee ns see it in exactly thesame way , except oppositely.Both feel trapped.In this article , I ll describe three no-win situati ons that com monly arise betwee n tee ns and parents and thensuggest some ways out of the trap.The fi

36、rst no-win situation is quarrels over unimportant things.Examples include the colorof the teen s hair , the cleanliness of thebedroom, the preferred style of clothing, the child s failure to eat a good breakfast beforeschool , or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends.Second , blaming.The

37、goal of a blaming battle is to make theother admit that his bad attitude is the reason whyeverythinggoeswrong.Third , needing to be right.It doesn t matter what the topic is politics , the laws of physics , or the proper way to break an egg the pointof these argume nts is to prove that you are right

38、 and the other pers on is wrong, for both wish to be con sidered an7authority some one who actually knows someth ing and therefore to comma ndrespect .Unfortun ately, as long aspare nts and tee ns continue to assume thatthey know more than the other , they ll continue to fight these battles forever

39、and never make any real progress.politics , the laws of physics , or the proper way tobreak an egg t he point of these arguments is to prove that you are right andthe other personis wrong, for both wish to be con sidered an authority some one who actually knows someth ing and therefore tocomma ndres

40、pect .Unfortun ately, as long as pare nts and tee ns continue to assume thatthey know more than the other, they II continue to fight these battles forever and never makeany real progress.4.What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?A. Causes for the pare nt-tee n con fl

41、icts.B. Examples of the pare nt-tee n war.C. Soluti ons for the pare nt-tee n problems.D. Future of the pare nt-tee n relatio nship.【答案】C【解析】篇章结构题。由最后一段第一句In this article , I ll describe three no-win situationsthat com monly arise betwee n tee ns and pare nts and the n suggest some ways out of the t

42、rap.”可知，应选 C 项。6.【2010 江西卷 C】Kong Zi ， also called Confucius(551 479 B.C.), and Socrates (469 399 B.C.) lived only ahun dred years apart , and duri ng their lifetimes there was no con tact betwee n China and Greece,but it is in terest ing to look at how the world that each of these great philosopher

43、s came from shaped their ideas , and howthese ideas in turn , shaped their societies.Neither philosopher lived in times of peace, though there wer e more wars in Greece than inChina.The Chinese states werevery large and feudal , while the Greek city-states were small andurban.The urban environment in which Socrates lived all