高一简单英语语法Word版

1、句子的成分： 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语等。 顺序一般是在句子中的语序是这样的：（定语）+主语+（状语）+谓语+（补语） +（定语）+宾语，括号里的成分的有无，视具体情况而定.1、主语 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。 He likes watching TV.他喜欢看电视。 2、谓语 谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。 一般可分为两类： 1)，简单谓语 由动词(或短语动词)构成。 可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。 We study for the people.我们为人民学习。 2)，复合谓语：

2、情态动词不定式 I can speak a little English.我可以说一点英语。 3、表语 表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。 My sister is a nurse.我姐姐是护士。 4、宾语 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。 We like English.我们喜欢英语。 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。 He gave me some ink.他给了我一点墨水。 有些及物

3、动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如： We make him our monitor.我们选他当班长。 5、定语 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。 He is a new student.他是个新生。 但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。 The bike in the room is mine.房间里的自行车是我的。 6、状语 修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的

4、通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 He lives in London.他住在伦敦。7.补语用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作，因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整，如：make(使.),ask(请)等等。如果我们说：我们使我们的祖国。这不是一句完整的话。应该说：我们使我们的祖国更美丽。这是的“美丽的（beautiful)”为形容词做补语，说明祖国的状态。英语句子为:We will make our country more beautiful.作补语的词或词组为：形容词，副词，名词，不定式，ing

5、形式，数词等。 8.宾补就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的 例：I know you are student good at maths 在这个句子中，good at maths 就是补语。宾语补语也可以是句子，所以这个句子也可以是： I know you are student who is good at maths 还可以是-ing 形式 I see you crossing the street 简单说就是补充和说明主语和宾语的成分.因此,就出现了主语补足语和宾语补足语.上面两位举的例子都不错.只是热雪冰冷的宾补的句子例子不是很恰当哦.他的例子是定语从句 啊 还有 主语补足语可以是表语

6、 例如:Tom is a student. student是对Tom的解释与说明. 另外,Tom was seen playing on the playground.这个句子中playing是对Tom的解释说明 是主补副词：1.副词的定义：副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间, 地点, 程度, 方式等概念.副词的分类：1) 时间和频度副词: 2) 地点副词： 3）方式副词： 4）程度副词： 5) 疑问副词： 6）关系副词： 7）连接副词： 2.副词的用法： 3.副词的位置： 关系代词 关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分。关系代词有主格，宾

7、格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。 关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中，that 可指人也可指物，见表： Eg: This is the pencil whose point is broken。这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。(whose指物，在限定性定语从句中作定语)语法：（必修一）一 一般现在时1. 表示主语现在所处的状态及其所具备的特征、性格、能力等例如：I am a girl.2. 表示习惯性、经常性的动作例如：I usually go to bed at 9:00.3. 标志性的词语Always，often，sometimes，now ，then 4.

8、若助于为第三人称单数（he she it）则动词要用单三现二 现在进行时1.说话时正在进行的动作例如：I am reading.2.表示即将发生的动作，多用于go come start leave return arrive stay fly等词语之中，句子中常常有时间状语例如：The plane is going to Beijing.3.当句子中出现了always 、forever 、constantly 、continually 、All the time等例如：I am always thinking of you.三. 现在完成进行时1基本表达式（I have been doing

9、） （I/ we/ you/ they have been doing sth.） （he/ she/ it has been doing sth.） 2表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。 The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years. 中国有2000年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去） I have been learning English since three years ago. 自从三年前以来我一直在学英语.（动作还将继续下去） 3表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。 We have b

10、een waiting for you for half an hour. 我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到，如同在电话里说的，还会继续等) 4有些现在完成进行时的句子等同的句子。 例如：They have been living in this city for ten years. They have lived in this city for ten years. 他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。 I have been working here for five years. I have worked here for five years. 我在这里已经工作五年了。 5大多数现在

11、完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。 例如：I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去） 我一直在写一本书。 I have written a book.（动作已经完成） 我已经写了一本书。 They have been building a bridge. 他们一直在造一座桥。 They have built a bridge. 他们造了一座桥。6表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。 例如：I have known him for years. 我认识他已经好几年了。 I have been knowing. 这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：lov

12、e爱，like喜欢， hate讨厌，等。 注意：比较过去时与现在完成时1过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 ·一般过去时的时间状语（具体的时间）:：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, ·现在完成时的时间状语：this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already

13、, recently，lately ·不确定的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 3 ·现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. ·过去时常用的非延续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等 例如： I saw this film

14、yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了。） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续) He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)·句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使

15、用现在完成时，要用过去时。 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 四过去完成时1 概念：表示过去的过去,其构成是had +过去分词构成。 2 用法： a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 eg：She said (that) she had never been to Paris. b. 状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过

16、去时。 eg：When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本，未能" eg：We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 3过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 例如：He said that he had learned some

17、 English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.否定句构成： 主语+has/have+not+been+现在分词 一般疑问句构成: Have/has+主语+been+现在分词+其他注意： 现在完成时有否定结构、而现在完成进行时没有否定结构。 现在完成时态可表示做完的时期以及已有的经验、但现在完成进行时

18、不可以 现在完成进行时的否定结构 现在完成进行时有时也可用否定结构。如： Since that unfortunate accident last week, I havent been sleeping at all well. 自从上周发生了那次不幸事故之后，我一直睡得很不好. He hasnt been working for me and I havent has that much contact with him. 他并没有给我工作过，我和他没有过那许多接触。 五、倍数比较1.A+系动词+倍数词+as+ adj adv的原型+as+B例如：The class is twice as

19、 big as that one.2.A+系动词+倍数词+adjadv的比较级+than+B例如：The class is twice bigger than that class.3.A+系动词+倍数词+the sizeamount(数量)engthwidthheightdepth+of+B例如：The class is twice the size of that class.六、With的复合结构1.With+宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语根据逻辑意义的不同可以是不同的词语，如形容词、现在分词、过去分词、副词、介词短语、不定式等，with在复合结构中常作状语2.常用结构 1with+宾语+d

20、oing 表主动与进行 例如：Tom was quite safe with Lucy standing behind him. 2with+宾语+done 表被动与完成 例如：With all things she need bought,she went home. 3with+宾语+to do 表将来 例如：With so many thing to deal with.练习题：（时态）(   ) 1.  - Where is the morning paper?- I _ for you at once.A. get   &#

21、160; B. am getting   C. to get         D. will get(   ) 2.  _ a concert next Saturday?A. There will be    B. Will there be    C. There can be   D. There are(   ) 3. If they come, we _a

22、meeting.A. have     B. will have    C. had     D. would have(   ) 4. If it _ tomorrow, we'll go roller-skating.A. isn't rain        B. won't rain     C. doesn't rai

23、n     D. doesn't fine(   ) 5. Tomorrow he _a kite in the open air first, and then _boating in the park.A. will fly; will go     B. will fly; goes    C. is going to fly; will goes      D. flies; will go(

24、0;  ) 6. There _ a birthday party this Sunday.A. shall be      B. will be   C. shall going to be    D. will going to be(   ) 7. They _an English evening next Sunday.A. are having     B. are going to have  

25、  C. will having    D. is going to have(   ) 8. Sorry, I can't open the door, for I     the key to it.A. lost            B. lose           &#

26、160;  C. had lost            D. have lost(   ) 9. - It's good to see you again, Agnes.- This has been our first chance to visit since       from Iran.A. you return     

27、60;   B. you returned    C. you have returned      D. returning(   ) 10. - Did you expect Frank to come to the party?- No, but I had hoped       .A. him coming        B. him t

28、o come   C. that he comes        D. that he would comewith的复合结构：倍数的比较：语法（必修二）·be going to的用法be going to结构表示按计划、打算去做某事，表示人的主管意图，有时还可表示预测有迹象要发生某事。如：. How long is your aunt going to stay in China for a visit?(计划、打算). Look at the clouds. Its going to rai

29、n.(有迹象要发生). George is putting on weight. He is going to be quite fat.(预测)· be going to与will的区别· will表示说话人认为、相信要发生的事, 不含具体时间, 可以指遥远的将来; be going to 表示按计划、打算即将发生的事。·二者都可以表示“意图” 。但是表示事先考虑的事情用be going to, 否则用will。如: I am not going to / wont tell him about it. -This is a very heavy box. -I

30、ll help you to carry it.·be going to 可以用在条件句中表示 将来, will则不行。 如: If you are going to attend the party, youd better leave now.定语从句：. （其他关系代词） 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 四：被动语态 被动语态的检测；一、选择题（2×15=30分）(   )1._ a new library _ in our school last year?A. Is; built      &

31、#160;   B. Was; built     C. Does; build    D. Did ; build(   )2. An accident _ on this road last week.A. has been happened  B. was happened  C. is happened    D. happened(   )3.Cotton（棉花） _ in the southea

32、st of China.A. is grown          B. are grown      C. grows         D. grow(   )4.So far, the moon _ by man already.A. is visited         &#

33、160;B. will be visited   C. has been visited  D. was visited(   )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week.    A. is given           B. has been given   C. will be given   D

34、. gives(   )6.How many trees _ this year?    A. are planted        B. will plant        C. have been planted  D. planted(   )7.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. &

35、#160;  A. are doing          B. are being done   C. has been done  D. will be done(   )8.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year.    A. did; use           B

36、. was; used        C. is; used       D. are; used(   )9.The Great Wall _ all over the world.    A. knows            B. knew      &

37、#160;    C. is known       D. was known(   )10.Who _ this book _?    A. did; written        B. was; written by   C. did; written     D. was; written(  

38、0;)11.A story _ by Granny yesterday.    A. was told us        B. was told to us     C. is told us       D. told us(   )12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree.    A. jump  

39、           B. jumps           C. jumped        D. to jump(   )13.The school bag _ behind the chair.    A. puts     

40、         B. can be put        C. can be putted   D. can put(   )14.Older people _ well.     A. looks after        B. must be looked after C. must

41、 look after D. looked after(   )15.Our teacher _ carefully.     A. should be listened to B. should be listen    C. be listened    D. is listened二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（1×20=20分）(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)1.It's said(据说) that the long bridge_（build）

42、in two months2.Where to have the meeting _ （discuss）now3.Which language _the most widely_（speak）in the world？4.The lost boy_（not find）so far5.Last year a large number of trees_（cut）down6. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.7. The old man is ill. He _ (must send) to t

43、he hospital.8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop.9. What _ knives  _ (make) of ?  They_(make) of metal(金属) and wood.10. Can the magazine _ (take) out of the library?11. The room _ (clean) by me every day.12. The stars cant _ (see) in the daytime.13. Some flowers _ (water) by

44、 Li Ming already.14. This kind of shoes _ (sell) well.15. How long _ your uncle _(be) in the city?16. The food _ (smell) delicious. 17. Look! Someone _(dance).三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 （1×30=30分）1.Is tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态）_ people _ tea in South China？2.I am given a birthday present by my pa

45、rents every year（同义句转换）A birthday present _  _  _  _by my parents every year3.The work is going to be finished in two days. (对划线提问)How_  _ the work going to be finished ?4. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态)  An English song _  _  _ by the children.5.

46、 You needn't do it now. (改为被动语态)  It _  _  _ by you now.6. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态)  Metal _  _  _making machines.7. He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态)  I _  _  _  _ that for him.8.They are watching the football match.The

47、football match _   _  _  by them.9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改为被动语态)  _ a bridge _ here by them a year ago?10.They have sold out the light green dresses. (改为被动语态)  The light green dresses _  _  _ out.11.We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改为被动语态)T

48、he game _  _ “Lianliankan” by us.四、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。 (1×10=10分)The new bike _  _  _  _ （买给我）by my parents as a present last week_ your mobile phone _  _  _（是国产的吗）？The whole mountain is _  _ (覆盖) the snow.五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。 （10分）I have a lot of homework to b

49、e done tonight            _Is your history teacher listened carefully in class？         _Lei Feng's name remembered by all Chinese people      _The music is sounded beautiful.

50、                       _By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed ?     _高中重点单词归纳：一、一个星期七天 1. Monday 2. Tuesday 3. Wednesday 4. Thursday 5. Friday 6. Saturday

51、7. Sunday二、一年十二个月 1. January 2. February 3. March 4. April 5. May 6. June 7. July 8. August 9. September 10. October 11. November 12. December 三、一年四季 1. spring 2. summer 3. autumn 4. winter 四、亲属称呼 1. daughter (女儿) 2. niece (女性晚辈) 3. nephew (男性晚辈) 4. cousin (同辈兄弟姐妹) 5. aunt (女性长辈) 6. uncle (男性长辈) 五、意

52、思相近的词 1. check / examine/ test 2. receive / accept 3. destroy /damage 4. celebrate/ congratulate 5. wear / dress 六、注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化 1. longlength 长度 2. widewidth 宽度 3. highheight 高度 4. strongstrength力量 七、个别名词的复数拼写 1. German (Germans) 德国人 2. gulf (gulfs) 海湾 3. handkerchief (handkerchiefs) 手帕 4. hero (英

53、雄)，potato (土豆)，tomato (西红柿) 等有生命的以-o结尾的名词变复数时要加-es。 5. roof (roofs) 房顶 6. stomach 胃 (其复数是stomachs而不是加es) 1. beautifulbeautifully 美丽的 2. possiblepossibly 可能的 3 particularparticularly 特别的 4 successfulsuccessfully 成功的八、其它必背单词 1. abroad 国外 2. absence n. 缺席 (absent adj.) 3. accepted (NMET1997) 4. acciden

54、t事故 (accidental adj. 偶然的，accidentally adv. 偶然地) 5. achievement成就 (achieve v. 获得) 6. address位置 7. admire钦佩 8. admitting允许 agreement 协议 9. agreement 协议10. agriculture农业 (agricultural adj. 农业的) 11. altogether总共 12. ancient 古代的 13. announced(NMET1999) 14. anxiety 忧虑 (anxious adj. 焦急的，anxiously adv. 焦急地)

55、 15. apologize v. 道歉 (apology n. 道歉apologetic adj. 道歉的，apologetically adv.道歉地) 16. apologize/apologise (2000全国卷) 17. appreciate感激/欣赏 (感激人用thank sb；谢谢某人做的事用appreciate sth.) 18. Asian(NMET1996) 19. assistant 助手 20. astonish吃惊 (astonishment n. 吃惊，astonishing，astonished) 21. astronaut 宇航员 22. atmosphere

56、气氛 23. attempt尝试 (可作名词也可作动词) 24. attentively 专心地 25. attentively(NMET1996) 26. attitude 态度 27. attract 吸引 (attraction吸引力) 28. average 平均 29. average(NMET1999) 30. balance平衡 31. beauty 美 (beautiful) 32. believe相信 (belief n. 信念，其复数是beliefs) 33. beyond超过 34. biology生物 35. birthday生日 36. bravery 勇敢 37.

57、broadcast(NMET1996) 38. broadcast广播 (过去式、过去分词同原形) 39. carefully 小心 (carefully) 40. ceiling天花板 41. celebrated (2000北京春季卷) 42. celebration 庆祝 (celebrate n. 庆祝) 43. century 世纪 44. challenge 挑战 45. character 性格 46. charge收费 47. cinema电影院 48. comfort v. & n. 安慰 (comfortable adj. comfortably adv.舒适地)

58、49. comfortably(NMET1997) 50. comment 评论 51. communication 交流 52. competition 竞赛 (compete v. 竞赛competitor 竞赛者) 53. composition 作文 54. concert 音乐会 55. conclude v. conclusion n. 结论 56. condition情况 (conditions条件) 57. confessing (2000北京春季卷) 58. congratulations 祝贺 (congratulate v.) 59. constantly 不断地 60.

59、 construction(NMET1996) 61. continue继续 62. contribution 贡献 (contribute v.) 63. conveniently方便 (convenient adj.) 64. conversation 谈话 65. coughing(NMET1997) 66. cousin表兄弟 67. cruelty 残酷 (cruel adj. cruelly adv.) 68. curious 好奇 (curiosity n. 好奇) 69. curious(NMET1996) 70. customer 顾客 71. customers (2000

60、北京春季卷) 72. custom习俗 73. damage损坏 74. declared(NMET1999) 75. delicious 美味 76. destroy毁灭 (其过去式是destroyed) 77. determined 有决心的 78. develop发展 (development n. developing 发展中的，developed发达的) 79. dialogue 对话 80. diary 日记 (dairy 奶制品) 81. difference 不同点 (有复数形式) 82. disappointed失望 (disappointing 让人失望的) 83. dis

61、appointment 失望 84. discovery 发现 (其复数是discoveries，其动词是discover，discoverer发现者) 85. disturb打扰 86. dollar美元 (其复数是dollars) 87. downstairs楼下 88. dream梦想 (其过去式是dreamed或dreamt) 89. electricity电 (electrical电的，electric 电的) 90. employ 雇用 (employment n. employer 雇主，employee雇员) 91. empty倒空 (可用动词，其过去式是emptied) 92. encourage鼓励 (encouraging, encouraged, encouragement n.) 93. energy能量 94. envelope 信封 95. envy n. 妒忌 (envious adj.) 96. equal(NMET1998) 97. equipment设备