现在完成时讲解与练习

1、现在完成时1. 概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果， 或从过去已经开 始，持续到现在的动作或状态。2. 时间状语：recently, lately, since for ,in the past few years, etc.3. 基本结构： have/has + done 4. 否定形式： have/has + not +done.5. 一般疑问句：have或has提前6. 它主要适用于下面的几种情况：1）表示截止现在业已完成的动作By now, I have collected all the data that I need .到现在为止，我已收集到了我所需的全部资料。

2、She has read 150 pages today . 她今天已看了 150 页。2）表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚饭了吗？3）表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。1）一个句子应该用什么时态只能取决于它需要表达的意思，以及它所处的 语言环境。例如：He speaks English . （一般现在时，说明动作发生的经常性。）He spoke English when he was in New Z

3、ealand . （一般过去时，说明动 作发生的时间。）He is speaking English. （现在进行时，说明动作正在进行。）He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA.（现在完成时，这里说明动作的总和。）2）在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句的谓语 动词是一般将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般现在时来表示将来时； 如果主句的谓语动词是过去将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般过去时 来表示过去将来时。例如： I will not play tennis if it rain

4、s tomorrow.I would not play tennis if it rained the next day.3）有些动词表示无法持续的动作，它们一般不宜用于进行时态中。这类动 词常见的有： be , believe , consist , find , forget , hate , have , hope , hear , know , like , love , notice , prefer , remember , see , seem ,smell , suggest , taste , understand , want , wish , sit down , sta

5、nd up 等等。4）关于现在完成时的时间状语问题常和有些副词连用，如： just , before , already , often , never , ever , not yet , always 等等。B. 在以when提问的特殊疑问中不能用现在完成时。另外，ago不能用于现 在完成时的句子里， 因为它表示从现在算起的以前某个时间， 属于表示具体过去 时间的状语。但是可以用 before 来表示"以前"的意义，因为它只表示 "以前"， 而不知什么时候的以前。C. 如果是不表示连续性的动词用于现在完成时的句子，不可以和以 for 表（1） sin

6、ce（用现在完成时：自从） ：不管用作介词、连词还是副词 , 句子（ 主句） 谓语通常都I haven 't seen her since last week.自上周以来我一直未He has joined the army for five years.(错误)It has been five years since he joined the army.(正确)能与现在完成时连用词语很多，如副词 just, already, yet, before, ever, recently 等，但下面是一些典型而且重要的例子：见过她自我上次见到你之后你到哪里去示的"一段时间"

7、;的状语连用。在这种情况下，应该用"It has been；since " 的句式来表达。如：Where have you been since I last saw? 了?到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。 到目前为止，我们还没有遇到任何 years（ 在过去年中 ） ：(2) so far( 到目前为止 ) ：So far there has been no bad news. We haven't had any trouble so far. 麻烦。(3) in for, during the past last过去两年我很少见到他。 最近一个月里我都在这In t

8、he past two years I've seen him little.I have been here (for) the last past month.儿。到现在为止这工作还算容易。 到现在为止我还没有听到他 （ 第一次 ） ：(4) up to until now( 到现在为止 ) ：Up to now, the work has been easy.I have heard nothing from him up to now. 点音信。(5) It 's will be the first time thatIt 's the first time I

9、ve come here. 这是我第一次来这儿。现在完成时练习、单项选择what's1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they happened to him .A. knew B . have knownC. must knowD .will know2、He hasbeen to Shanghai , has heA . already B .never C .ever3、Have you met Mr Li ？D. stillA . just B . agoC .before D . a moment ago4、The famous write

10、r one new book in the past two yearA . is writingB .was writingC .wrote D .has written5、-Our country a lot so far .-Yes . I hope it will be even .A. has changed ; well C . has changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan alreadywas ; studyingB . changed ; goodD . changed ; betterin this school for two years . B . wi

11、ll ; studyA.C . has ; studiedD. are ; studying7、We Xiao Li since she was a little girl .A. know B . had known C . have known D. knew 8 、HarryPotter is a very nice film.I it twice .A . will seeB . have seenC . sawD .see9、 -These farmershave been to the United States .-Really ? When _ there ?A. will t

12、hey goB . did they goC . do they goD . have they gone10、 - you _ your homework yet ?-Yes . I it a moment ago .A. Did ; do ; finishedB . Have ; done ; finishedC . Have ; done ; have finishedD . will ; do ; finish三、汉译英4、她还没有看过那部新电影。5、她去过。6、他这些天上哪儿去了？过去完成时态讲解与练习定义：过去完成时是表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作、事情。 它

13、表示的是发生在“过去的过去”的动作， 只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较的时候才会使 用过去完成时。构成： 基本形式 : had + 过去分词。如 :We had reached the top of the hill before midnight.在半夜之前我们已登上了山顶。 否定形式 : had + not + 过去分词。如 :They hadn 't finished the work when we got there.我们到那儿时 , 他们还没有完成工作。 一般疑问句形式 : had 提到句首 , 回答用 Yes, 主语 + had. / No,主语 + hadn '

14、t. 如 : Had he told you to go there earlier yesterday?他昨天告诉过你早点儿到那儿吗?Yes, he had. (No, he hadn't.) 是的 , 他告诉了。 ( 不 , 他没有。 )用法：1、 用在"after / before / when +过去时态从句”或有"by+过去时间”的句子中。例如： by then, by before nine o 'clock yesterday,by the end of last year,by the age of twen ty,by the time I

15、 arrived Mother had already cooked supper before I returned home.在我回到家前 , 妈妈已经把饭做好了。2、在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去 时。例如： When I returned home, my guest had already left.I did not see the film because I had seen it before.3、 常用在主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中. 如 told, said, knew, heard, thought, asked 等动词后的

16、宾语从句 。例如：My father asked me if I had finished reading that book. 书了Shesaid爸爸问我是否读完那本(that)He asked what I had said. 现在完成时和过去完成时的区别： 现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果 1. 单项选择shehadneverbeentoParis.1 He askedmeA. wherebeen2. WhatA.did,did.3. IA., 过去完成时强调对过去的影响或结果。during the summer holidays.had beenB. where Ihad goneC.

17、wherehad IJanedoD. where had I goneby the time he was sever?B. has,donedid,D. had, done900 English words by the time I was tenlearnedB. waslearningC.hadlearnedD. learnt4. Shelived here foryears.A. had, a fewB. has, severalC. had,lotofD.has, a great deal of5. By the time my parents reached home yeste

18、rday, Ithe dinner already.A had cookedB. cookedC. have cookedD.was cooked6. She said shethe principle alreadyA .has seenB. sawC.willseeD. had seen7. She said her familythemselvesthe army during the war.A. has hidden, fromB. had hidden, fromC.hashidden,withD. had hidden, with8. By the time he was ten

19、 years old, heA.has completed universityB. hascompleted the universityB.had completed an universityD. hadcompleted university9. She had written a number of booksthe end of last year.A. forB. inC.byD. at10. Heto playbefore he was 11 years old.B. had lear ned.A had lear ned, pia nothe pia noC. has lea

20、r ned, the pia noD. lear ns ,pia no.2. 用动词的适当形式填空1. We(pai nt) the house before we(move) in.2. That rich old man(make) a will before he(die).5. I(tur n off) all the lights before I(go) to bed.6. Paul(go) out with Jane after he(make)a phone call.14. We were surprised at what shealready(do)15. She(not

21、 go) to Qin gdao because she(go) therebefore.16. He(not tell) you the n ews yet.17. He said healready(give) the book to the teacher.3. 句型转换2. She had sung a song to us before she dan ced.(改否定句)3. They began to climbed the mountain after they had bought all the food and drink.(否定)4. By 10:00 a.m, I h

22、ad bee n very hun gry.(改一般疑问)5. Lucy had already completed the project whe n I arrived.（改一般疑问）将来完成时定义将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。构成will/shall+have+完成式用于第一人称，will+have+完成式用于其他人称。实例a.状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。b.动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动

23、作或已获得的 经验。They will have bee n married for 20 years by the n.You will have reached Shan ghai by this time tomorrow.将来完成时的构成将来完成时的构成是由"shall/will + have + 过去分词"构成的。Before long he will have forgotte n all about the matter.不久他就会全然忘记这件事的。He is somebody now. He will not have remembered his old

24、classmates. 他现在是一个有身份的人了，他可能不会记得老同学了。Will you have known Kevin for 10 years n ext mon th?到下个月你认识凯文该有10年了吧？将来完成时的用法 表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。We shall have lear ned 12 un its by the end of this term.到这个学期末，我们将学完12个单元。By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom. 你到

25、家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍。 表示推测，相当于 "must have don e" 结构。You will have heard of this, I guess.我想你已经听说过这件事了。I am sure he will have got the in formatio n.我相信他一定得到了这个信息 .表示某种状态一直持续到说话人所提及的时间we will have bee n married a year on june 25th到6月25日我们俩结婚就满1年了练习题1. By the summer, Elizabethhere for ten years .D.

26、 has workedD. will haveD. he wentA. will workB. worksC. will have worked2. I. hope youthe in struct ions ready before I come tomorrowA. to getB. shall getC. will getgotte n .3. No soonertha n the accide nt happe ned.A. he had goneB. had he goneC. his going4. Hardlywhe n the bus sudde nly pulled away.A. they had got to the bus stopC. did they get to the bus stopB. had they got to the bus stopD. they got to the bus stop5. Mother does n't