武汉大学真题2007年

1、武汉大学真题2007 年( 总分： 100.00 ，做题时间： 90 分钟 )一、 BPart Reading Comprehension/B(总题数：5，分数： 40.00)BDirections:/B There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C, and D. You should decide on th

2、e best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEETby blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.What is so special about intuitive talent? Extensive research on brainskillsindicatesthatthose who score as highlyintuitivelyon such testinstruments as the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator tend to

3、be the mostinnovativein strategicplanningand decisionmaking.They tend to be moreinsightful and better at finding new ways of doing things. In business,they are the people who can sense whether a new product idea will "fly" in the marketplace. They are the people who will generate ingenious

4、 newsolutions to old problems that may have festered for years. These are the executives that all organizations would love to find.But, surprisingly, organizations often thwart, block, or drive out thistalent-the very talent they require for their future survival! At the very least, most organizatio

5、ns lack well- established human-capital programs designed to search for and consciously use their employees'intuitive talent in the strategic-planning process. As a result, thistalent is either not used, suppressed, or lost altogether.Typically, highly intuitive managers work in an organizationa

6、l climatethat is the opposite of that which would enable them to flourish and toreadily use their skills for strategic decisionmaking. This climate canbe characterized as follows:Newideas arenot readilyencouraged. Highermanagers choose others who think much as they do for support staff.Unconventiona

7、l approaches to problemsolving encounter enormousresistance. Before long, the intuitive executive begins to emotionallywithdraw, slowly but surely reducing his or her input and often leavingthe organization altogether.To achieve higher productivity in the strategic-planning anddecisionmaking process

8、, clearly what is needed is an organizationalclimate in which intuitive brain skills and styles can flourish and beintegrated with more-traditional management techniques. Theorganization's leadership must have a special sensitivity to the valueof intuitive input in strategic decisionmaking and u

9、nderstand how tocreatean environmentinwhich the use of intuitionwillgrow,integratingit intothe mainstreamoftheorganization'sstrategic-planningprocess.（分数： 8.00 ）(1).Which of the following does NOT describe intuitive talents?（分数： 2.00 ）A.They are innovative in strategic planning.B.They are good a

10、t finding new approaches to old problems.C.They are the executives that all organizations would love to find.D.They are fully utilized.解析： D(他们受到重用。) 没有用于描写天才。第一段第二句提到A(他们在策划方面富于创新) ；第一段第三句提到B( 他们善于发现处理老问题的新方法。)；第一段最后一句提到了C(他们是所有机构都想找的管理人员。 ) 。(2).Highly intuitive managers typically work in a climat

11、e that _.A.enables them to flourishB.discourages new ideasC.achieves higher productivityD.both A and C（分数：2.00 ）解析：很有才华的管理人员通常在不允许有新观点的氛围中工作。根据第三段开头，有敏锐洞察力的管理人员在不利于他们成功、不利于他们很容易运用自己的智能进行决策的氛围中工作。(3).An executive might leave the organization because _.（分数：新观点很难受到鼓励。 2.00 ）A.he is hurtB.he is firedC.h

12、is intuitive talent is not usedD.he earns too little解析：管理人员可能会离开他的机构，因为他的天才没有受到重用。根据第三段后半段，新思想很难受到鼓励，高层管理人员选那些跟他们想法一样的人作为帮手，不同凡响的、 解决问题的办法遭到极大的反对。不久，有敏锐洞察力的管理人员开始在思想上缓慢地打退堂鼓，一定会减少自己的投入，往往彻底地离开自己的机构。(4).An organization's leadership should do all of the following EXCEPT _.（分数： 2.00 ）A.separating i

13、ntuitive styles from traditional management techniquesB.learning how to use creative thinkingC.learning how to use problemsolving skillsD.none of the above解析：一个机构的领导应做以下事情，只是不能把凭直觉的方法同传统的管理方法割裂开来。 A 表达的意思与第四段第一句的意思正好相反。这句话的意思是：为了利用战略规划和决策的过程提高生产力，显然需要这样一种组织环境：直觉和凭直觉办事的方法能够盛行，而且应该同更传统的管理办法结合起来。The ge

14、ology of the Earth's surface is dominated by the particularproperties of water. Present on Earth in solid, liquid, and gaseousstates, water is exceptionally reactive. It dissolves, transports, andprecipitatesmanychemical compoundsand is constantlymodifyingthe faceof the Earth.Evaporated from the

15、 oceans, water vapor forms clouds, some of which aretransported by wind over the continents. Condensation from the cloudsprovides the essential agent of continental erosion: rain. Precipitatedonto the ground, the water trickles down to form brooks, streams, andrivers, constituting what is called the

16、 hydrographic network. Thisimmense polarizednetwork channels the water toward a singlereceptacle:an ocean. Gravity dominates this entire step in the cycle because watertends to minimize its potential energy by running from high altitudestoward the reference point that is sea level.The rate at which

17、a molecule of water passes through the cycle is not randombut is a measure of the relative size of the various reservoirs. If we define residence time as the average time for a water molecule to passthrough one of the threereservoirs-atmosphere,continent,and ocean-wesee that the times are very diffe

18、rent. A water molecule stays, on anaverage, elevendays intheatmosphere,one hundred yearson a continentand forty thousand years in the ocean. This last figure shows theimportanceof the ocean as the principalreservoirof the hydrospherebutalso the rapidity of water transport on the continents.A vast ch

19、emicalseparation process takesplacesduring theflowof waterover the continents.Solubleionssuch as calcium,sodium,potassium,andsome magnesium are dissolved and transported. Insoluble ions such asaluminum, iron,and siliconstaywhere they are and form the thin,fertileskin of soilon whichvegetationcan gro

20、w. Sometimes soilsaredestroyedand transported mechanically during flooding. The erosion of thecontinents thus results from two closely linked and interdependentprocesses, chemical erosion and mechanical erosion. Their respectiveinteractions and efficiency depend on different factors.（分数： 8.00 ）(1).A

21、ccording to the passage, clouds are primarily formed by water _.（分数： 2.00 ）A.precipitating onto the groundB.changing from a solid to a liquid stateC.evaporating from the oceansD.being carried by wind解析：根据短文，云层主要是靠海洋中的水蒸发而成的。根据第二段第一句，水蒸气从海洋中蒸发之后形成云，风把某些云层带到各个大陆。(2).The passage suggests that the purpo

22、se of the "hydrographic network" is to _.（分数：2.00 ）A.determine the size of molecules of waterB.prevent soil erosion caused by floodingC.move water from the Earth's surface to the oceansD.regulate the rate of water flow from streams and rivers解析：短文表明，“水道网”的目的是把水从地球表面输送到海洋中。根据第二段第四句，这种巨大

23、的两极化的网络把水输送到巨大的容器海洋之中。(3).What determines the rate at which a molecule of water moves through the cycle, as discussedin the third paragraph?（分数： 2.00 ）A.The potential energy contained in water.B.The effects of atmospheric pressure on chemical compounds.C.The amounts of rainfall that fall on the cont

24、inents.D.The relative size of the water storage areas.解析：蓄水区相对的体积。根据第三段第一句，水分子通过的周期的速度并不是任意的，但是能测出许多蓄水区相对的体积。(4).All of the following are examples of soluble ions EXCEPT _.（分数： 2.00 ）A.magnesiumB.ironC.potassiumD.calcium解析：以下均是可溶离子的例子，铁除外。根据最后一段可知，像钙、钠、钾这样的可溶性离子和某些镁离子是可以溶解的，不可溶的离子，如铝离子、铁离子和硅离子保持原状，并

25、形成薄薄而又肥沃的、植物可以在上面生长的土层。People in the United Statesin the nineteenthcenturywere haunted by theprospect that unprecedented change in the nation's economy would bringsocial chaos. In the years following 1820, after several decades ofrelative stability, the economy entered a period of sustained ande

26、xtremely rapid growth that continued to the end of the nineteenthcentury. Accompanying that growth was a structural change that featuredincreasing economic diversification and a gradual shift in the nation'slabor force from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagriculturalpursuits.Although

27、the birth rate continued to decline from its high level of theeighteenth and early nineteenth century, the population roughly doubledevery generation during the rest of the nineteenth century. As thepopulation grew, its makeup also changed. Massive waves of immigrationbrought new ethnic groups into

28、the country. Geographic and socialmobility- downward as well as upward-touched almost everyone. Localstudies indicate that nearly three-quitters of the population-in theNorth and South, in the emerging cities of the Northeast, and in therestless rural counties of the West-changed their residence of

29、theNortheast,and inthe restlessruralcountiesoftheWest-changedtheirresidence each decade. As a consequence, historian David Donald haswritten, "Social atomization affected every segment of society," and itseemed to many people that "all the recognized values of orderlycivilization were

30、 gradually being eroded."Rapid industrialization and increased geographic mobility in thenineteenth century had special implications for women because thesechanges tended tomagnifysocialdistinctions.As theroles menand womenplayed in societybecamemore rigidlydefined,so did the rolestheyplayedin

31、the home. In the contextofextreme competitivenessand dizzyingsocialchange, thehousehold lostmany of itsearlierfunctions and the homecameto serve as a haven of tranquility and order. As the size of familiesdecreased, the roles of husband and wife became more clearlydifferentiated than ever before. In

32、 the middle class especially, menparticipated in the productive economy while women ruled the home andserved as the custodiansof civilityand culture.The intimacyof marriagethat was commonin earlierperiodswas rent,and a gulfthat attimesseemedunbridgeable was created between husbands and wives.（分数： 8.

33、00 ）(1).What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数： 2.00 ）A.The economic development of the United States in the eighteenth century.B.Ways in which economic development led to social changes in the United States.C.Population growth in the western United States.D.The increasing availability of industri

34、al jobs for women in the United States.解析：本文主要讨论经济发展导致美国社会变化的一些方面。讨论这一问题的主要内容集中在第一段和第三段。(2).Accordingto the passage,the economy of the UnitedStates between1820 and 1900 was _.（分数： 2.00 ）A.expandingB.in sharp declineC.stagnateD.disorganized解析：根据短文，美国在1820 年和1990 年间的经济在不断地发展。根据第一段第二句，在1820 年之后的那些岁月，经过

35、几十年的相对稳定， 经济进入了持续增长和快速增长时期，这一时期一直持续到19 世纪末。(3).Accordingto the passage, as the nineteenthcenturyprogressed,the people of the United_. （分数： 2.00 ）A.emigrated to other countriesB.often settled in the WestC.tended to change the place in which they livedD.had a higher rate of birth than ever before解析：根据

36、短文，在19 世纪，美国人往往变换他们的住处。根据第二段，地方的研究表明，在美国北部和States南部，在东北兴起的城市里，在西部一些永不宁静的农业县，将近四分之三的人口每十年就变换住宅。(4).Which of the following best describes the society about which David Donald wrote?2.00 ）A.A highly conservative society that was resistant to new ideas.B.A society that was, undergoing fundamental change

37、.（分数：C.A society that had been gradually changing since the early 1700'sD.A nomadic society that was starting permanent settlements.解析：正在经历根本性变化的社会。在第二段结尾处，作者引用了历史学家戴维·唐纳德的话，这句话的意思是：社会分化几乎影响了社会的每一个部门。这句话表明美国是一个正在经历根本性变化的社会。Standing on the rim of the Grand Canyon, gazing across this giant wo

38、undin the Earth's surface, a visitor might assume that the canyon had beencaused by some ancient convulsion.In fact the events that produced the canyon, far from being sudden andcataclysmic, simply add up to the slow and orderly process of erosion.Many millions of yearsago the ColoradoPlateau in

39、 theGrand Canyon areacontained10, 000 more feet of rock than itdoes today and was relativelylevel. The additional material consisted of some 14-layered formationsof rock. In the Grand Canyon region these layers were largely worn awayover the course of millions of years.Approximately65 millionyears a

40、go the plateau'sflatsurfacein the GrandCanyon area bulged upward from internalpressure;geologistsreferto thisbulging action as upwarping; it was followed by a general elevation ofthe whole Colorado Plateau, a process that is still going on. As theplateau gradually rose,shallow riversthatmeandere

41、d across itbegan torun more swiftly and cut more definite courses. One of these rivers,located east ofthe upwarp, was the ancestorof the Colorado.Anotherriversystem called the Hualapai, flowing west of the upwarp, extended itselfeastward by cutting back into the upwarp; it eventually connected witht

42、he ancient Colorado and captured its waters. The new river then beganto carve out the 277- mile-long trench that eventually became the GrandCanyon. Geologists estimate that this initial cutting action began noearlier than 10 million years go.Since then,the canyon forming has been cumulative. To the

43、corrosiveforceof the river itself have been added other factors. Heat and cold, rainand snow, along with the varying resistance of the rocks, increase theopportunities for erosion. The canyon walls crumble; the river acquiresa cutting tool, tons of debris, rainfall running off the high plateaucreate

44、s feeder streams that carve side canyons. Pushing slowly backwardinto the plateau, the side canyons expose new rocks, and the pattern oferosion continues.（分数： 8.00 ）(1).What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：A.Patterns of erosion in different mountain ranges.B.Forces that made the Grand Canyon.2.0

45、0 ）C.The increasing pollution of the Colorado River.D.The sudden appearance of the Grand Canyon.解析：本文主要讨论形成大峡谷的一些自然力。本文二、三两段着重讨论大峡谷形成的各种因素。(2).According to the passage, the first phenomenon to contribute to the formation of the GrandCanyon was _. （分数： 2.00 ）A.a series of volcanic eruptionsB.the coll

46、apse of rock formations in the Colorado PlateauC.a succession of floods from the Hualapai River and what is now the Colorado RiverD.the Earth's internal pressure lifting the Colorado Plateau region解析：根据短文，导致大峡谷形成的第一个原因是地球的内部压力抬高了科罗拉多高原地区。第三段开头指出，大约六千五百万年前，由于内部的压力，高原扁平的表面向上凸出。(3).Which of the fol

47、lowing conclusions about the Grand Canyon can be drawn from the passage?（分数： 2.00 ）A.Its contours are constantly changing.B.It contains approximately 14 million tons of rock.C.Its eruptions have increased in recent years.D.It is being eroded by toxic waste and pollutants.解析：就大峡谷而言，可以下这样一个结论：它的轮廓在不断地

48、变化。第三段第一句中提到“一个仍在继续的过程”；第四段最后一句提到“这种侵蚀还在继续”，这两句都说明大峡谷的轮廓在不断地变化。(4).The passage would most likely be found in a textbook on which of the following subjects?（分数： 2.00 ）A.Astronomy.B.Botany.C.Geology.D.Chemistry.解析：这篇短文很可能见于一本地质学教材。研究大峡谷的成因自然是地质学研究的范畴。The politicalcrisisinUkraine,where oppositionprotes

49、tersareburningcampfiresand settingup tents inthe centerof Kiev, is presentinga testfor Russia, which gambled heavily on its neighbor's presidentialelection.A defeat of the pro-Moscow candidate, Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych,would humiliatethe Kremlin one year afteranotherformer Soviet Republi

50、c,Georgia,slippedfrom itsinfluence, according toobserversand politicalanalysts.The Ukrainian upheaval echoes what happened in Georgia, where protestsover voteriggingledtothe resignationofa Moscow-linkedPresident anda landslide victory of a young, Western-educated and Western-orientedleader.UFor Mosc

51、ow, the stakes are even higher in Ukraine./U UnlikeGeorgia, Ukraine shares close ethnic and linguistic ties with Russia;Kiev, Ukraine's capital, is the cradle of the Russian culture and theancient capital of the first Russian state.PresidentVladimirV. Putinof Russia wants to forge a closerunionb

52、etweenthreeSlavic nationsRussia,Ukraine, and tiny,authoritarianBelarnsandUkraine is key to the plan, Russian businesses have major interests inUkraine,which borders Russia to thewest. The Russian militaryalso wantsto have Ukraineas an allyover which itcan holdsway, notas a potentialNATO participant, the analysts said.As other former republics turned away from Russia, Moscow "gets thefeeling thatUkra