初二上册语法讲解

1、真诚为您提供优质参考资料，若有不当之处，请指正。第一单元 一般将来时1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。“will+do” will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。Which paragraph shall I read first.Will you be at home at seven this evening?2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?b. 计划，安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced ne

2、xt month。c. 有迹象要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3) “be +doing”表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。第二单元 征求对方意见，和一般过去时一般过去时的用法1)在确定的过去时

3、间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 Where did you go just now?2)表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。When I was a child, I often played football in the street.Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.3)句型：It is time for sb. to do sth &

4、quot;到时间了" "该了"It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该了"It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'I'd rather you came tomorrow.4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。 I th

5、ought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。比较：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。Christine was an invalid all her life. (含义：她已不在人间。)Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义：她现在还活着)注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。 Did you want anything else?I wondered if you could help me.2)情态动词 co

6、uld, would.Could you lend me your bike?第三单元 过去进行时 1) 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。2) 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。3) 常用的时间状语 this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, whileMy brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.It was raini

7、ng when they left the station.When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.典型例题1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep.rea

8、d; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。第五单元 If引导的条件状语从句条件状语从句 连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition th

9、at 等。.if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。unless = if not.Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.典型例题You will be late _ you leave immediately.A. unless B. until C. if D. or答案A。 句意：除非你立即走，否则你就回迟到的。可转化为 If you dong leave immediate

10、ly, you will be late. B、D句意不对，or表转折，句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late.和 will和would注意：1)would like; Would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。Would you like to go with me?2)Will you? Would you like? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。 Would you like some cake?3)否定结构中用will，一般不用would, won't yo

11、u是一种委婉语气。Won't you sit down?第六单元 现在完成时现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状 态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去 但它的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或 状态。其构成： have (has) +过去分词。主要句型：for+段时间sincesince的四种用法1) since +过去一个时间点 (如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。I have been here since 1989.2) since +一段时间+ agoI have been here sin

12、ce five months ago.3) since +从句Great changes have taken place since you left.Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.4) It is +一段时间+ since从句It is two years since I became a postgraduate.“before”,放在句末“already”,用于肯定句“yet”用于疑问句和否定句.过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或者过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作。1. 构成was /wer

13、e + doing，例如：I was watching TV at 9 oclock last night.at 9 oclock last night是时间点They were playing football all afternoon.all afternoon是时间段2. 过去进行时的标志词at 8 oclock last night, this time yesterday等。例如：I was having lunch at home this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。At that time she was writing a book.那阵子她在

14、写一本书。(表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。)练一练用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1. This time yesterday I _ _(read)books.2. At 9 oclock last Sunday they _ _(have)a party.3. When I _(come)into the classroom, she _ _(read)a storybook.4. She _ _(play)computer games while her mother _ _(cook)yesterday afternoon.5. I _ _(have)a shower when

15、you _(call)me yesterday.答案：1. was reading 2. were having 3. came; was reading4. was playing; was cooking 5. was having; called间接引语形成步骤：(1)不要逗号，冒号，引号(2)要考虑到人称的变化(人称的变化与汉语是一致的)(3)要考虑时态的变化(4)要考虑时间状语、地点状语和语示代词的变化。1. 直接引语变成间接引语时，几个主要时态的变化规律 直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时2. 直接引语变成间接引语时，一些词汇的变

16、化规律 直接引语   1. am / is2. are                 3. have / has4. will5. can6. may间接引语1. was2. were                3. had4. would5. coul

17、d6. might练一练用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1. She said I _(be)hard-working.2. Peter told me he _(be)bored yesterday.3. She said she _(go)swimming last Sunday.4. Bobby said he _(may)call me later.5. Antonio told me he _(read)a book then.答案：1. was 2. was 3. went 4. might 5. was reading请转述他人说的话：1. I go to the beach e

18、very Saturday. (Tom)2. I can speak three languages. (Lucy)3. I will call you tomorrow. (Mike)4. Im having a surprise party for Lana. (she)if引导的条件状语从句结构：if+一般现在时，主语+将来时含义：如果，将要例如：If you ask him, he will help you.如果你请求他，他会帮助你。If need be, well work all night.如果需要，我们就干个通宵。练一练1. 如果你参加聚会，你将会过得很开心。If you _

19、 the party, you _.2. 如果明天下雨，我们将不去野餐。3. 如果你经常听英文歌，你将会喜欢英语的。If you often _, you _.答案：1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time2. If it rains tomorrow, we wont go to the picnic3. If you often listen to English songs, youll like English非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词

20、在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验)Drivin

21、g a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)(3)不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别(1)不定式作表语1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。To do two things at a time is to do neither.-次做两件事等于未做。What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开

22、始干。2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件)，表语也是不定式(表示结果)。To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活。3)如果主语是以aim， duty， hope， idea， happiness， job， plan， problem， purpose， thing， wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。Th

23、e function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant.(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。Our work is serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务。His hobby

24、 is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。People cannot but feel puzzled， for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected.在英语中，为了避免重复，句子中的某些部分经常

25、省略，给考生的理解增加了困难。现对省略现象总结如下:一、并列复合句中某些相同成分的省略。1. This beeper works well，but that one doesnt (work well).这个寻呼机工作正常，但那个就不行。2. All uranium atoms do not have the same atomic weight. Some of them weigh 234 units，some (of them) (weigh) 235 units，and some (of them) (weigh) 238 units.所有的铀原子并非都有相同的原子量。其中有的重234

26、，有的重235，而有的重238。二、在when，while，if，as if，though(或although)，as，until，once，wheth er，unless，where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。1. When (water is) pure，water is a colorless liquid.水纯净时，是无色的液体。2. When (I am) in trouble I always turn to her for help.我困难时总是找她帮助。3. Errors，if any，should be corrected.如果有什么错误，就应当

27、改正。(if后省略了there are)4. Wood gives much smoke while (wood is) burning.木头燃烧时，它放出很多烟。5. The letter is to be left here until (it is) called for.这封信留在这里待领。6. Henry looked about as if (he were) in search of something.亨利向四周环视，似乎在寻找什么。7. She studies very hard though (she is) still rather weak.她尽管体弱，但学习仍十分努力

28、。三、当见到“when (或if，where，wherever，whenever，as soon as，as fast a s，than等)+possible/necessary等”时，可理解中间省略了it is(或was)。1. Answer these questions，if (it is) possible without referring to the book.如果有可能，请不看书回答这些问题。2. When (it is) necessary you can help us to do something.必要时你可以帮助我们做些事。四、有形式主语it的主语从句可省略that。

29、1. It seems (或appears) (that) Joe is out，not Jack.外出不在的似乎是乔，不是杰克。2. It is an honor (that) I was invited to your birthday party.我很荣幸被邀请参加你的生日聚会。3. Its a pity (that) you cant operate a computer.很遗憾，你不会操作计算机。4. It is the third time (that) I have come to China.这是我第三次来中国。五、在限制性定语从句中可省略作宾语的关系代词whom，which，that。1. That is the naughty boy (whom/that) we ta