so用作替代词语法

1、so用作替代词语法EG: In the beginning, I was just asexcited as my mother, maybe even more so.这句句末的 so是一个替代词(pro-form)，替代上文提到的just as excited as mymother。句中 的 even moreso 意为 even moreexcited than my mother。在英语中，用替代词替代上文出现过的句子成分或分句称为替代(substitution)。替代是连接上下文，避免重复的重要手段之一。当so用作替代词时，主要可替代上文出现过的主语补语、谓语部分(predicat

2、ion)或分句。当主语补语在上文中出现过时，在下文中可用so来替代，以避免重复。例如：She was frighte ned, but I was not so.He was very an gry, and his wife was evenmore so.I feel rather hungry. Don' t you feel so?Mary looks pretty, but her si ster doesn ' tlook so.可以用so替代的谓语部分主要包括“动词+宾语”、“动词+状语”、“动词+宾语+状语”等结构。如果这些结构已在上文出现过，在下文中便可用do

3、 so来替代。例如：Jane has read the n ewspaper today, and shewill do so tomorrow.Tim drinks a lot. Does his father do so?He worked very hard in the past, and hewill do so in the future.Tom speaks quickly, but his son doesn' t doso.Dr. Smith always examines his patientscarefully, and he is doing so now.

4、She read the words clearly, but the othergirls didn' t do so.在主语补语或谓语部分被替代的情况下，如果上文和下文都是肯定陈述句，而它们的主语又不相同，通常要用“ so + be / do +主语”的结构。例如：He was an gry, and so was his wife.Mary looks pretty, and so does her sister.They play cards after dinner, and so do we.My father caught a cold, and so did mymot

5、her.Jack got up late, and so did Jan et.I an swered the questi on correctly, and sodid Lisa.这种结构常出现在日常对话中用于简短的答语，表示相同或类似的情况。例如：A: He is a clever boy.B: So is my little brother.A: Tom came to the class early.B: So did I.A: The chair n eeds repairi ng.B: So does the one you ' re sitting on.如果上文和下文

6、都是否定陈述句，则下文要用“neither / nor +be / do +主语”的结构。例如：Allen isn ' t an actor, and neither / nor isRobert.She doesn ' t speak good English, and neither/ nor does her husband.A: I ' m not worried about it.B: Neither / Nor am I.A: Peter didn' t answer the question.B: Neither / Nor did Henry.有

7、必要提示学生注意的是：“so + be / do +主语”或"neither / nor +be / so +主语”结构中的be / do只是最常用的形式。如上文的动词短语中包含除be / do以外的助动词或情态助动词，则下文中要用相同的助动词或情态助动词。例如：I have bee n to America, and so has Ed.He hasn ' t come yet, and neither have hisfriends.A: Richard can play the pia no.B: So can Lin da.A: Tom mustn ' t c

8、ome back very late.B: Neither / Nor must his brothers.用替代词so替代分句的情况常见于充当宾语的名词分句，这些宾语分句常跟在一些表示看法、意见的动词之后，这些动词常见的有 believe, be afraid, expect, hope, imagine, say, tell, think, suppose等。例如：A: Does Fred live here?B: I thi nk so.A: Am I late?B: I ' m afraid so.A: Does Tom agree with you?B: I believe

9、so.A: Will the Lakers win the game?B: Many people say so.A: Is Barbara going to the party toni ght?B: I suppose / hope so.A: Was she an actress whe n she was young?B: I ' ve been told so.A: Your girl friend is going with you,isn' t she?B: I expect so.对类似上述问题的否定回答常用not作替代词，也可用“动词否定式 +so”。例如：A: Do you think Fred lives here?B: I th inknot. / I don' t thi nk so.A: Is there going to be a meeti ng tomorrow?B: I suppose not. / I do