软件工程本科毕业外文文献翻译

1、学校代码:学 号:10128昌孝N/点火学本科毕业设计外文文献翻译二0 一五年一月The Test Library Management System ofFramework Based on SSHThe application system features in small or medium-sized enterprise lie in the gre ater flexibility and safety high performance-price ratio. Traditional J2EE framework c an not adapt to these needs, b

2、ut the system application based on SSH(Struts+Spring+ Hibernate) technology can better satisfy such needs. This paper analyses some integra tion theory and key technologies about SSH, and according to the integration construc ts a lightweight WEB framework, which has integrated the three kinds of te

3、chnology , forming the lightweight WEB framework based on SSH and gaining good effects in p ractical applications.IntroductionGenerally the J2EE platform27 used in large enterprise applications, can well s olve the application of reliability, safety and stability, but its weakness is the price hig h

4、 and the constructing cycle is long. Corresponding to the small or medium enterprise applications, the replace approach is the system framework of lightweight WEB, inclu ding the more commonly used methods which are based on the Struts and Hibernate. With the wide application of Spring, the three te

5、chnology combination may be a bette r choice as a lightweight WEB framework. It uses layered structure and provides a go od integrated framework for Web applications at all levels in minimizing the Interlaye r coupling and increasing the efficiency of development. This framework can solve a l ot of

6、problems, with good maintainability and scalability. It can solve the separation o f user interface and business logic separation, the separation of business logic and data base operation and the correct procedure control logic, etc. This paper studies the tech nology and principle of Struts and Spr

7、ing and Hibernate, presenting a proved lightwei ght WEB application framework for enterprise.Hierarchical Web MechanismHierarchical Web framework including the user presentation layer, business logic layer, data persistence layer ,expansion layer etc, each layer for different function, res pectively

8、 to finish the whole application. The whole system are divided into different l ogic module with relatively independent and mutual, and each module can be implem ented according to different design. It can realize the system parallel development, rap id integration, good maintainability, scalability

9、.Struts MVC FrameworkTo ensure the reuse and efficiency of development process, adopting J2EE techn ology to build the Web application must select a system framework which has a good performance . Only in this way can we ensure not wasting lots of time because of adju sting configuration and achieve

10、 application development efficiently and quickly. So, p rogrammers in the course of practice got some successful development pattern which proved practical, such as MVC and O/R mapping, etc; many technologies, including S truts and Hibernate frameworks, realized these pattern. However, Struts framew

11、ork on ly settled the separation problem between view layer and business logic layer, control layer, did not provide a flexible support for complex data saving process. On the contr ary, Hibernate framework offered the powerful and flexible support for complex data saving process. Therefore, how to

12、integrate two frameworks and get a flexible, low-co upling solutions project which is easy to maintain for information system, is a researc h task which the engineering staff is studying constantly.Model-View-Controller (MVC) is a popular design pattern. It divides the interact ive system in three c

13、omponents and each of them specializes in one task. The model c ontains the application data and manages the core functionality. The visual display of t he model and the feedback to the users are managed by the view. The controller not o nly interprets the inputs from the user, but also dominates th

14、e model and the view to c hange appropriately. MVC separates the system functionality from the system interfac e so as to enhance the system scalability and maintainability. Struts is a typical MV C frame32, and it also contains the three aforementioned components. The model le vel is composed of Ja

15、vaBean and EJB components. The controller is realized by actio n and ActionServlet, and the view layer consists of JSP files. The central controller co ntrols the action execution that receives a request and redirects this request to the appr opriate module controller. Subsequently, the module contr

16、oller processes the request a nd returns results to the central controller using a JavaBean object, which stores any o bject to be presented in the view layer by including an indication to module views that must be presented. The central controller redirects the returned JavaBean object to th e main

17、 view that displays its information.Spring Framework technologySpring is a lightweight J2EE application development framework, which uses the model of Inversion of Control(IoC) to separate the actual application from the Config uration and dependent regulations of the application. Committed to J2EE

18、application a t all levels of the solution, Spring is not attempting to replace the existing framework, but rather “ welding th”e object of J2EE application at all levels together through the P OJO management. In addition, developers are free to choose Spring framework for so me or all, since Spring

19、 modules are not totally dependent.As a major business-level detail, Spring employs the idea of delay injection to as semble code for the sake of improving the scalability and flexibility of built systems. Thus, the systems achieve a centralized business processing and reduction of code reu se throu

20、gh the Spring AOP module.Hibernate Persistent FrameworkHibernate is a kind of open source framework with DAO design patterns to achie ve mapping(O/R Mapping) between object and relational database.During the Web system development, the tradition approach directly interacts wit h the database by JDBC

21、 .However, this method has not only heavy workload but also complex SQL codes of JDBC which need to revise because the business logic sli ghtly changes. So, whatever development or maintain system are inconvenient. Consi dering the large difference between the object-oriented relation of java and th

22、e structu re of relational database, it is necessary to introduce a direct mapping mechanism bet ween the object and database, which this kind of mapping should use configuration fil es as soon as possibility, so that mapping files will need modifying rather than java so urce codes when the business

23、 logic changes in the future. Therefore, O/R mapping pat tern emerges, which hibernate is one of the most outstanding realization of architectur e.It encapsulates JDBC with lightweight , making Java programmer operate a relati onal database with the object oriented programming thinking. It is a a im

24、plementation technology in the lasting layer. Compared to other lasting layer technology such as JD BC, EJB, JDO, Hibernate is easy to grasp and more in line with the object-oriented pr ogramming thinking. Hibernate own a query language (HQL), which is fully object-or iented. The basic structure in

25、its application as shown in figure6.1.Hibernate is a data persistence framework, and the core technology is the object / relational database mapping(ORM). Hibernate is generally considered as a bridge bet ween Java applications and the relational database, owing to providing durable data se rvices f

26、or applications and allowing developers to use an object-oriented approach to t he management and manipulation of relational database. Furthermore, it furnishes an object-oriented query language-HQL.Responsible for the mapping between the major categories of Java and the relatio nal database, Hibern

27、ate is essentially a middle ware providing database services. It su pplies durable data services for applications by utilizing databases and several profiles , such as hibernate properties and XML Mapping etc.Web services technologiesThe introduction of annotations into Java EE 5 makes it simple to

28、create sophisticated Web service endpoints and clients with less code and a shorter learning curve than was possible with earlier Java EE versions. Annotations first introduced in Java SE 5 are modifiers you can add to your code as metadata. They don't affect program semantics directly, but the

29、compiler, development tools, and runtime libraries can process them to produce additional Java language source files, XML documents, or other artifacts and behavior that augment the code containing the annotations (see Resources). Later in the article, you'll see how you can easily turn a regula

30、r Java class into a Web service by adding simple annotations.Web application technologiesJava EE 5 welcomes two major pieces of front-end technology JSF and JSTL into the specification to join the existing JavaServer Pages and Servlet specifications. JSF is a set of APIs that enable a component-base

31、d approach to user-interface development. JSTL is a set of tag libraries that support embedding procedural logic, access to JavaBeans, SQL commands, localized formatting instructions, and XML processing in JSPs. The most recent releases of JSF, JSTL, and JSP support a unified expression language (EL

32、) that allows these technologies to integrate more easily (see Resources).The cornerstone of Web services support in Java EE 5 is JAX-WS 2.0, which is a follow-on to JAX-RPC 1.1. Both of these technologies let you create RESTful and SOAP-based Web services without dealing directly with the tedium of

33、 XML processing and data binding inherent to Web services. Developers are free to continue using JAX-RPC (which is still required of Java EE 5 containers), but migrating to JAX-WS is strongly recommended. Newcomers to Java Web services might as well skip JAX-RPC and head right for JAX-WS. That said,

34、 it's good to know that both of them support SOAP 1.1 over HTTP 1.1 and so are fully compatible: a JAX-WS Web services client can access a JAX-RPC Web services endpoint, and vice versa.The advantages of JAX-WS over JAX-RPC are compelling. JAX-WS:? Supports the SOAP 1.2 standard (in addition to S

35、OAP 1.1).? Supports XML over HTTP. You can bypass SOAP if you wish. (See the article "Use XML directly over HTTP for Web services (where appropriate)" for more information.)? Uses the Java Architecture for XML Binding (JAXB) for its data-mapping model. JAXB has complete support for XML sch

36、ema and better performance (more on that in a moment).? Introduces a dynamic programming model for both server and client. The client model supports both a message-oriented and an asynchronous approach.? Supports Message Transmission Optimization Mechanism (MTOM), aW3C recommendation for optimizing

37、the transmission and format of a SOAPmessage.? Upgrades Web services interoperability (WS-I) support. (It supports Basic Pro; JAX-WS supports only Basic Pro.)? Upgrades SOAP attachment support. (It uses the SOAP with Attachments API for Java SAAJ 1.3; JAX-WS supports only SAAJ 1.2.)? You can learn m

38、ore about the differences by reading the article "JAX-RPC versus JAX-WS."The wsimport tool in JAX-WS automatically handles many of the mundane details of Web service development and integrates easily into a build processes in a cross-platform manner, freeing you to focus on the application

39、 logic that implements or uses a service. It generatesartifacts such as services, service endpoint interfaces (SEIs), asynchronous response code, exceptions based on WSDL faults, and Java classes bound to schema types by JAXB.JAX-WS also enables high-performing Web services. See Resources for a link

40、 to an article ("Implementing High Performance Web Services Using JAX-WS 2.0") presenting a benchmark study of equivalent Web service implementations basedon the new JAX-WS stack (which uses two other Web services features in Java EE 5 JAXB and StAX) and a JAX-RPC stack available in J2EE 1

41、.4. The study found 40% to 1000% performance increases with JAX-WS in various functional areas under different loads.ConclusionEach framework has its advantages and disadvantages .Lightweight J2EEstruc ture integrates Struts and Hibernate and Spring technology, making full use the power ful data pro

42、cessing function of Struts and the management flexible of Spring and the mature of Hibernate. According to the practice, putting forward an open-source solutions suitable for small or medium-sized enterprise application of. Th e application system based on this architecture technology development ha

43、s interlayer loose coupling ,structure distinctly, short development cycle, maintainability. In addition, combined with commercial project development, the solution has achieved good effect. The lightweight framework makes the parallel development and maintenance f or commercial system convenience,

44、and can push forward become other industry busi ness system development.Through research and practice, we can easily find that Struts / Spring / Hiberna te framework utilizes Struts maturity in the presentation layer, flexibility of Spring bu siness management and convenience of Hibernate in the ser

45、ialization layer, three kind s of framework integrated into a whole so that the development and maintenance beca me more convenient and handy. This kind of approach also will play a key role if appl ying other business system. Of course ,how to optimize system performance, enhance the user's acc

46、ess speed, improve security ability of system framework ,all of these wor ks, are need to do for author in the further.基于SSH匡架实现的试题库管理系统小型或者中型企业的应用系统具有非常好的灵活性、安全性以及高性价比，传统的J2EE架构满足不了这些需求，但是基于 SSHI1架实现的应用系统更好的 满足了这样的需求，这篇文章分析了关于SSH的一体化理论和关键技术，通过这 些集成形成了轻量级 Weblf架，在已经集成三种技术的基础上，伴随形成了基于 SSH的轻量级Web框架，并且

47、在实际应用中有着重要作用。简介一般大型企业使用的是 J2EE27平台，很好的解决了该应用的可靠性、安 全性、稳定性，它的缺点是费用高、形成该系统的周期长，对于小型或者中型企业级应用，可以用轻量级 Web弋替系统框架，比如通用的 Struts和Hibernate , 随着Spring的广泛应用，轻量级 Web1架开发的最好选择是 Struts、Hibernate、 Spring三者的相结合,因为它采用的是分层结构并且为Web应用程序在各层提供了一个框架的集成，这样不仅降低了层与层之间的耦合性，而且提高了开发效率。 使用该框架可已经解决好多问题，具有可维护性和可扩展性，使得用户接口和业务逻辑层之间

48、分离，业务逻辑层、数据库访问层、以及程序控制层的分离等。本文研究了Struts 、 Hibernate 以及 Spring 的技术和使用原则，呈现出企业级轻量级Wetg用框架开发的权威性。网络分层机制网络分层主要分为：视图层、控制层、数据库持久层、拓展层等，使用每一层不同的功能完成整个应用程序。整个系统划分成相互独立、相互依存的不同逻辑 模块，根据具体设计调用不同的逻辑模块实现逐步实现该系统。同时实现系统并行开发、快速集成、可维护性、可扩展性。Struts MVC 框架为了确保高效率再次使用发展过程，采用J2EE技术去构建 Wetfi用程序不许选择一个具有良好性能的框架，这使得我们没有花费大量

49、时间去进行系统配置， 而是去高效率、快速地实现系统开发，因此程序员拥有很好的发展平台并且开发经验有了提升，如：MVC O/R映射等。运用包括 Struts、Hibernate这些 技术框架实现这种模式。然而，Struts 解决的是视图层、业务逻辑层、控制层之间的分离，对于那些错综复杂的数据保存没有提供灵活的支持。相反，Hibernate 框架提供了强大且灵活的支持在保存错综复杂的数据时。因此工程人员正在研究使用框架并且灵活开发项目。模型-视图-控制器，所谓的MV久一种流行的设计模式。它把交互式系统 中三种组成成分有一个明确的分工，各自负责自己的任务，MVC真型包含程序数据并且管理核心功能。模型

50、和反馈给用户的可视化显示由视图层管理，控制层要负责解释来自用户的输入，属于主导地位，也会通过对控制层的操作来改变视图层。MVCl系统页面的分离来提高系统的可扩展性和可维护性。Struts是典型的MVCM架，并且包含上述三层。模型级别由JavaBean和EJB组件构成，控制层通过ActionServlet 的实现，视图层主要是 JSP文件。ActionServlet 执行JSP 发出的请求，并重定向该请求到相应层进行继续处理。接着，控制层处理使用 JavaBean 对象，其存储任何视图层的数据通过来自页面的请求，并返回结果给 控制层模块。控制层重定向返回的 JavaBean对象，以显示其信息的主

51、要内容。Spring 框架技术Spring 是轻量级应用开发技框架，使用来自配置文件和应用程序的控制分离中的实际应用，依据J2EE应用所有的解决方案，Spring不仅是取代现有的技 术，更是组织对象进行POJCT理。止匕外，开发人员可以自由使用Spring框架的 部分或者全部，源于Spring 模块不完全依赖。根据模块的业务描述，Spring 采用加载延迟来提升代码的扩展性和内置系统的灵活性，该系统通过Spring Aop模块实现了集中业务处理，减少代码重用。Hibernate 的持久层框架Hibernate持久层框架是一种用Dao设计模式实现对象和关系数据库之间映 射的开源框架。随着网络系统

52、的发展，传统的方法是使用JDBC直接相连，这种方式使得系统工作负荷大而且 SQL语句错综复杂，一旦业务逻辑发生变化，SQL语句就得做相应的修改，这样给开发者和维护人员带来不便，考虑了Java 面向对象的关系与关系数据库存在很大差异性，介于对象和数据库之间引入配置文件进行之间映射，尽可能使用配置文件，只需要修改配置文件来代替Java 源代码当业务逻辑有所改变时。因此， 关系映射的出现，是 Hibernate 最优秀的实现建筑之一。Hibernate便捷的封装了 JDBC使得Java操作一个数据库与面向对象编程 思维一致，它是一个持久层实现技术，比起其他持久层技术，如 JDBC、 EJB、 JDO

53、，Hibernate 很容易掌握，更符合面向地向的编程思路，Hibernate 特有的完全面向对象的查询语言（HQL） 。介于对象和关系数据库之间的映射是很关键的，Hibernate 最本质的中间组件来提供服务，它通过利用数据库和多个配置文件，如Hibernate 固有特性和XML央射等应用提供才e久的数据服务.WEEK务技术在 Java EE5 中引入了注解（annotation ）特性，这简化了复杂Web 服务端点和客户机的开发，与以前的Java EE 版本相比，代码更少，学习过程更短了。注解（最早在Java SE 5 中引入）是可以作为元数据添加到代码中的修饰性代码。 它们并不直接影响程

54、序的语义，但是编译器、开发工具和运行时库可以通过处理它们生成额外的Java语言源文件、XML文档或其他工件和行为，这些对包含注解的程序起辅助作用（参见 参考资料）。 在本文后面，会看到如何通过添加简单的注解，将常规的Java 类转换为Web 服务。Web应用程序技术除了现有的JavaServer Pages 和 Servlet 规范， Java EE 5 引入了两种前端技术 JSF 和 JSTL。 JSF 是一组 API ，支持以基于组件的方式开发用户界面。JSTL 是一组标记库，支持在 JSP 中嵌入过程式逻辑、对 JavaEean 的访问方法、SQL命令、本地化格式指令和 XML处理。JSF、JSTL和JSP的最新版 本支持一种统