动词不定式与非谓语动词资料

1、左文教苜LdNO WEN CDUCATiCNl 弯交u而i文q i教师学生授课时间点授课层次授课课题课型教学目标1、知识目标：2、能力目标：教学重点 和难点1、重点：2、难点：全国最大的个性化品牌辅导 机构龙文教育个性化辅导教案i 10动词不定式 不定式：to +动词原形知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！动词不定式的基本形式是 “to +动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式（或不定式 短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍可保留动词的特 点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如：to read the newspaper, to sp

2、eak at the meetin筹动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、 宾语补足语、定语和状语：句法作用例句作宾语She wantedto borrowed my radio.They began to read and write.作状语She went to see her grandma lastSunday.He came to give us a talk yesterday.作宾语补足语Lucy asked him to turn off the radio. She asked meto speak more loudly Jim tol

3、d Ling Feng to go home at once The father made his sonstudy hard.作定语Have you got anything to say?I had something to eat this morning .作主语To learn a foreign languageis not easy.注：作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代，动词不定式（或短语）放在后面。例如：It is not easyto learn a foreign language.It took us three daysto do the work.动词不定式的否定

4、形式由“not动词不定式”构成.如：Tell him not to be late.The policeman told the boysnot to play in the street.1南京龙文教育全国最大的个性化品牌辅导4）不止式省去to的情况：在感目动词see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel和使役 动词make, have, let等所接的宾语中（不定式做宾语不足语），不定式应省去to。但是在被动语态中不能省。如：Let me listen to you sing the song.He watched his son play comp

5、uter games.I saw him run away.He was seen to run away.The boss make the workers work the whole night.-The workers were made to work the whole night.5）动词不定式和疑问词连用动词不定式可以和疑问词 what ,which, how, where, when等连用，构成不定式短语。如： The question is when to start.I don ' t knowhere to go .He showed mehow to use

6、a computer.What to do is a big problem.例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！翻译下列句子，说出句中不定式的作用：1. To grow plants is very important.2. It is so nice to hear your voice.3. My dream is to be a pilot.4. He began to read and write at the age of five.5. The teacher asked me to speak more loudly.6. Tom came to see me last night

7、.7. I am glad to see you.8. Have you got anything to say?9. There are many places to see in China.1. .I asked him not to open the window.11. I don ' t know what to buy for you.12. I saw him dance.13. He often helps me clean the room.14. They are too shy to speak English.15. He was lucky enough t

8、o find his watch.16. I want you to go there together with me.解析：1、To grow plants 做主语；2、to hear your voice做主语；3、to be a pilot 作表语； 4、to read and write作宾语；5、to speak more loudly作宾语补足语；6、to see me乍状语； 7、to see you作状语；8、to say作定语；9、to see作定语；10、not to open the window 作宾语补足语；11、what to buy作宾语；12、dance作宾语

9、补足语（省略to） ; 13、clean the room 作宾语补足语（省略 to） ; 14、to speak English作状语;15、to find his watch 作状语；16、to go there together with me乍宾语补足语。练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！选择最佳答案填空：1. Tell him the light.A. to turn B. not to turn on C. to not turn D. not to turn2. It took us more than two hours the dinner.16南京龙文教育A. prepar

10、e B. preparing3. We felt the earthC. to prepareD. to be preparedA. move B. moveing4. The students were madeC. to movethe text ten times.D. be movedA. readB. readingC. to read D. to be read5. The chair looks rather hardA. to sitB. to sit on6. Nobody knows next.A. what to do B. to do what,but in fact

11、it is very comfortable.C. sittingD. sitC. which to do D. how to do7. It is very important us these words.A. to, to remember B. for, to remember C. for, remember D. for, remembering8.English well, one must have a lot practice.A. For speaking B. Speaking C. To speak D. Speak9. I ' m going to the l

12、ibrary the books.A. return B. borrow C. to return D. to lend10. We went to town some shopping.A. doing B. did C. to make D. to do11. The funny story me laugh.A. make B. making C. to make D. made12. After the final exam, I think all the students want.A. stop to have a rest B. to stop having a restC.

13、to stop to have a rest D. stopping to have a rest13. It is very kind you to help me with my housework. It is hard me to do allthe work.A. of, for B. for, of C. of, to D. to, for14. Many people think it very difficult English.A. to say B. to learn C. speak D. for speaking15. The teacher asked the stu

14、dents her the word again.A. listen to; to read B. to hear; sayC. to listen to; speak D. to listen to; pronounce16. Remember the book here tomorrow.A. bringB. to bringC. take D. to take17. -Let's have a rest, shall we?-Not now. I don't want to stop the letter yet.A. write B. to write C. writi

15、ng D. and write18. -This physics problem is too difficult. Can you show me, Wang Lin?-Sure.A. what to work it outB. what to work out itC. how to work it outD. how to work out it19 .- How can I improve my spoken English?-You have to practise as much as you can.A. speak B. speakingC. spoken D. to spea

16、k20 . - How about going hiking this weekend?-Sorry. I prefer rather thanA. to stay at home, go outC. staying at home, go out1-5 BBACB 6-10 ABCCD8. to go out, stay at homeD. going out, stay at home11-15 DCABD 16-20 BCCBA非谓语动词1 .定义：非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，即动词的非谓语形式。约占中考10%。2 .分类：动词不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词。1 .动词不定式

17、1)构成：(not) to do / (not) do2)句法功能：(1)作主语：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难 的。To lose your heart means failure.灰心意味着失败。动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难 的。It means failure to lose your heart.灰心、

18、意味着失败。常用句式：It+be+名词+to do sth.It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.It+be+形容词 +of /forsb +to do sth.常用 careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词，不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。区别：当使用for时，句中形容词修饰的是不定式；It ' s necessary for you to study hard .(necessary修饰to stud

19、y hard,表示学习努力是有必要的)而用of时，句中形容词修饰逻辑主语。It ' s foolish of him to do itfoolish 修饰逻辑主语 him)(2)作表语：Her job is to clean the hall.她的工作是打扫大厅。seem作连系动词，其后的to be不定式可省。She seems to be ill today.= She seems ill.= It seems that she is ill.(3)作宾语：常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, prete

20、nd,refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer,I hope to get good grades. I want to help you.注意：如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语，则用 it作形式宾语，真正的宾语(不定 式)后置，放在宾语补足语后面。I found it difficult to learn math well.动词不定式也可充当介词宾语。I have no choice but to stay here我只能留在这里，另无选择。He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.他上周

21、日除了修他的自行车什么也没干。动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用。He gave us some advice on how to learn English 给了 我们 些学英语的建议。(4)作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.有些动词如 make, let, see, watch, hear, feel,

22、hav等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加 to,I saw him cross the road.He was seen to cross the road.(5)作定语：动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。He found a good house to live in.(6)作状语：表目的：He worked day and night to get the money.他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.她卖掉了自己的头发来买那条表链。表结果(往往是与预期愿望相反的结果意料之外)，常位于句

23、尾。He arrived late only to find the train had gone.他来晚了,只见火车已经走了。I visited him only to find him out. 我去拜访他，只见他出去了。表原因：hey were very sad to hear the news.他们听到这条新闻非常伤心。表程度：It's too dark for us to see anything. 太暗了,我们什么也看不见。表条件：不定式表条件常位于句首。To be heated, liquid will change into gas.如果受热，液体就会变成气体。表方式：

24、不定式可接在 as if / as though之后He moved his mouth as if to say something.他嘴唇动了动，好像要说什么»0(7)不定式做独立成分To tell you the truth, I don ' t like it.告诉你实话，我不喜欢它。(8)不定式的省略：保留 to省略do动词。If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.如果你不想做这件事，你就不必做。(9)不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。He wished to study medicine an

25、d become a doctor.他希望学医并成为医生。2 .v-ing 形式1)分类：v-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词，2)句法功能：(1)作主语：Reading aloud is very helpful.朗读是很有好处的。(2)作表语：In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。(3)作宾语：They haven't finished building the dam.他们还没有建好大坝。要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid,

26、excuse, delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit (承认), deny (否认),mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk (冒险), appreciate (感激),be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help情不自 禁地),think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent (from),keep from, stop (from) ,protect from, spend (in), succeed

27、 in, be used to, look forward to,pay attention to, insist on,(4)作定语：Is there a swimming pool in your school?你们学校有游泳池吗？3 .过去分词1)构成：-ed2)句法功能：(1)做定语Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.上周一我们班开展了 一次有组织的旅行。(2)做宾语补足语I heard the song sung several times last week.上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。(3)做表语They were f

28、rightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害 怕。注意：1.有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别1) forget to do忘记要去做某事（此事未做） forget doing忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）2) stop to do停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事 stop doing停止正在做的事3) remember to do记住去做某事（未做） remember doingt己得做过某事（已做）4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔5) try to do尽全力，努力做某事t

29、ry doing尝试做某事6) mean to do打算，有意要 mean doing意味着7) go on to do继而(去做另外一件事情) go on doing继续(原先没有做完的事情)8) propose to do打算(要做某事) proposing doingS议(做某事)9) learn to do 学着去做某事learn doing 学会做某事10) can' t help too不能帮助做某事can' t help doing 情不自禁做某事11) used to do 过去做某事be used to doing 习惯做某事12) e /love/hate/

30、 prefer +to do表示具体行为；+doing sth表示抽象、倾向概念(注)如果这些动词前有should一词，其后宾语只跟不定式，不能跟动名词。I should like to see him tomorrow13) need, want, deserve 动名词表被动意义；The room needs cleaning.+不定式被动态表示要(修、清理等)”意思。2.常考句式：1) see/watch/notice/hear/find sb. doing sthl调动作正在进行 see/watch/notice/hear/find sb. to do sth® 调动作发生的

31、事实2) keep sb. doing sth.让某人做某事3) finish doing sth.做完某事4) spend time/money (in) doing sth花费时间 /金钱做某事5) have difficulty/trouble doing sth.做某事有困难6) how/what about doing sth?做某事怎么样？(提建议)【模拟题】一.根据句意，用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Is it necessary(learn) a foreign language?2. He is good at(swim).3. Do you have anything(s

32、ay) for yourself?4. It ' s spring now. it ' s time(plant) trees.5. Don ' t keep me(wait) for a long time.6. The policeman told the boys not(play) in the street.7. Her son is too young(dress) himself.8. Let ' s(have) a rest, shall we?9. The speaker spoke too quickly for us(understand)

33、.10. The little boy is not old enough(read).11. I asked him(show) me his new pen.12. Knives are used for(cut) things.13. I really don ' t know what(do) next.14. I often hear people(say)“(see) is(believe)15. You ' d better(try) this medicine.16. They said they had nothing(worry) about.17. Can

34、 you finish(read) the book in three days?18. The doctor was busy(operate) on the boy at that time.19. (tell) you the truth, I dislike making friends with him.20. Stop(talk) and listen to me carefully.21. Thank you very much for(help) us.22. Granny is very 川 and she doesn' t feel like(eat) anythi

35、ng.23. Would you like(climb) the mountain with me?24. The girl enjoys(listen) to light music.25. We couldn ' t help(laugh) after we heard the funny story.26. What about(go) out for a walk?II .选择填空。1. Would you please the door for me?A. holding B. not to hold C. hold D held2. Seeing an old man ge

36、tting off the train, she hurried over things for him.A. carrying B. to carry C. carried D. for carrying3. We d really like you to the party tonight.A.come B. to come C. will come D. should come4. We can do nothing but the experiment.A.to repeat B repeat C. repeating D. repeated5. Have you got any th

37、ing about this matter?A. saying B. to say C said D. say6. He was not try it again.A. such a fool as to B. so a fool as to C. a fool such as to D. a fool so as to7. He was too excited.A. to go to sleeping B. to slept C. to go to sleep D. going to sleep8. We can' t have him _ like that all day.A.t

38、o work B. working C. to be worked D. work 9.She were often heard this song when she was happy.A. sang B singing C. sung D. to be singing10.The train was seen at a very high speed toward the industrial center.A.travel B. travels C. traveled D. traveling1.1. We ' ll soon have a person with us.A. t

39、o work B. working C. worked D works12. has not been decided yet.ATo start when B. Why to start C. When to start D. Start to where13. Do you think it difficult?A. for me to do so B. for my to do so C. for I to do so D. for me doing so14. She keeps telling us.A. what to do B. doing what C. what is doi

40、ng D. do what 15.is not known.A. Whom to begin the running test B. When to begin the running testC. When the running test begin D. How begin to the running test 16.the job alone is impossible.A.To him to do B. For him doing C For him to do D. For he to do 17.it should be made clear.A What to do B. W

41、hy to do C Whom to do D When can do18.Our house needs before the rainy season arrives.A. to repair B. to be repair C. repaired D. repairing 19.I haven ' t decided which hotel.A. to stay B. is to stay at C. to stay at D. is for staying20.I was almost asleep when I heard someone at the door.A. kno

42、ck B to knock C. knocked D. being knocked21.1 often spent much money books.A. to buy B. buying C. on buying D for buying22.If you practice English whenever you can, you will soon speak well.A. talking B. going speak C speaking D to speak23.We are tired of the same problem all the time.A discussing B

43、. to discuss C. discussing for D. discuss24.She usually forgets the door, but she remembered it yesterday.Ato shut to shut B. shutting -shuttingC. to shut shuttingD. shutting to shut25.I a bus to school when it was raining.Aam used to take B. used to taking C. use to take D was used to taking26. I &

44、#39; m thirsty. W川 you get me something?A. drink B. to drink C. eat D. eating27. It was great fun a picnic on the hill.A. to have B. of having C. have D. had28. Lily, keep the window. The sandstorm hasn ' t stopped yet.A. close B. closed C. open D. opened29. A policeman saw two thieves a girl

45、9; s mobile phone on a bus and he caught them aonce.A. to steal B. stealing C. stole D. stolen30. It ' s bad for your eyes 0mputer games for a long time.A. plays B. to play C. play D. played31. They were made fourteen hours a day.A. work B. working C. worked D. to work32. Is it always easier fri

46、ends than to keep them?A. making B. make C. to make D. made33. He stood there for two hours the game.A. watched B. watching C. is watching D. was watching34. It Jack twenty minutes the math problem yesterday.A. took; to work out B. takes; worked out C. has taken; work out D. is taking; working out35

47、. When you leave, don ' t forget off the light.A. to turn B. turning C. turn D. turned36. Who do you think you ' d like?A. to make friends B. make friends C. to make friends with D. make friends with37. Although Jeff loves KFC, he tries it too often.A. to eat B. not eat C. to not eat D. not

48、to eat38. -Hi, Betty. Shall we go swimming this Sunday?-This Sunday? I am sorry, I have a lot of homework this Sunday.A. to do B. done C. do D. to be done39. Sally had no pen yesterday morning.A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with40. -Excuse me, sir. Look at the sign on the wall&qu

49、ot; NO” .-Oh, I ' m sorry. I ' ll never do it again.A. PARKED B. SMOKE C. SPITTING D. SMOKED41. -Boys and girls, will you please the park this afternoon? -OK.A. not cleaning out B. not to clean out C. to clean up D. clean up42. The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from the earth away.A. b

50、low B. blowing C. blew D. to blow43. How about?A. to go out for a walkB. go swimming in the riverC. visiting the sick children in the hospital D. to having lunch in the restaurant44. It ' s vendyou to me the heavy bag.A. for; tell; to take B. of; thank; for C. to; speak; to have D. of; help; car

51、ry45. Have you decided?A. to go with whom B. whom to go with C. whom go with D. with whom to go46. Her hope a gold medal in the 2008 Olympic Games.A. to win B. is to win C. winning D. will win47. The meeting room is big enough one hundred people.A. holding B. hold C. to hold D. holds48. Would you pl

52、ease pass me the knife?A. to cut the watermelon with B. to cut the watermelonC. cutting the watermelon D. cutting the watermelon with49. It is better to teach a man to fish than him fish.A. giving B. to give C. gives D. gave50. Jenny is interested in in her free time.A. listened to the radio B. read

53、ing magazines C. watch TV D. plays tennis51. The policeman warned the young man after drinking.A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive52. What do you think is the best way the wild animals?A. protecting B. to protect C. protected D. protect53. I ' d rather on the land in a factory.A. work; than work B. work; work C. to work; than to work D. to work; to work54. They are looking forward to all over the world.A. travel B. traveled C. traveling D. be traveled55. Would you mind because there ' re so many children here?A. smoke; play B.