常见语流现象：连读、加音、爆破、同化、省音、弱读

1、连读、加音、爆破、同化、省音、弱读、浊化英语常见语流现象1. 连读：两个相邻单词首尾音素自然的拼读在一起，中间不停顿，被称为连读。连读只发生在同一意群之内，即意思联系紧密的短语或从句之内。1）词尾辅音+词首元音，如：Stand?up.Not?at?all.Put?it?on, please.Please pick?it?up.I'm?an?English boy.It?is?an?old book.Let me have?a look?at?it.Ms Black worked in?an?office.I called you half?an?hour?ago.2）词尾不发音r 或r

2、e+词首元音，词尾r 发音/r/。如：far?awayHere?is a letter for you.Here?are four?eggs.where?is my cup?Where?are your brother?and sister?They're my father?and mother.I looked for?it here?and there.There?is a football under?it.There?are some books on the desk.注： 当有意群进行停顿时不可连读。如：Is?it a hat or?a cat?（ hat 与 or 之间

3、不可以连读）There?is?a good book in my desk. （ book 与 in 之间不可以连读）Can you speak?English or French? （ English 与 or 之间不可以连读）Shall we meet at?eight or ten tomorrow morning? （ meet 与at， eight 与 or 之间不可以连读）She opened the door and walke?din. （ door 与 and 之间不可以连读）2. 加音：在连贯的语流中，人们往往会在两个元音之间加入一个外加音帮助发音，从而更加流畅地表达意思。

4、1）词尾元音/?,u:/+词首元音，在词尾加上一个轻微的/w/。如：Go w away.How w and why did you come here?The question is too w easy for him to answer.2）词尾元音/?,i:/+词首元音，在词尾加上一个轻微的/j/。如：I j am Chinese.She can't carry j it.I j also need the j other one.He j is very friendly to me.She wants to study j English.It'll take you

5、 three j hours to walk there.3. 失去爆破与不完全爆破：1）失去爆破：爆破音+爆破音当两个爆破音/p,b,t,d,k,g/相邻时，前一个爆破音只按其发音部位做好发音口形、形成阻碍，而不爆破出来，稍微停顿后即发出后面的辅音。前一个爆破音被称为失去爆破。失去爆破产生的原因大体上是由于省力原则造成的。如：Kept/Blackboard/Notebook/Goodbye/September/SuitcaseBig boySharp pencilWhat timeYou must pay.Ask Bob to sit behind me.She took good care

6、 of the children.2）不完全爆破：A）爆破音+摩擦音爆破音/p,b,t,d,k,g/与摩擦音/f,v,s,z,?,?, ,e,r,相邻时，产生不完全爆破。发摩擦音h/时， 发音器官并不形成阻碍而只形成一个很狭小的缝隙，让气流从缝隙中摩擦而出。 如果一个爆破音与摩擦音相接，它爆破冲出的气流只能从狭小的缝隙中通过，这种爆破是不完全的。失去爆破产生的原因大体上是由于省力原则造成的。如：Advance/SuccessA good viewOld friendsJust thenGet throughMake sureNight showKeep silence.Keep that in

7、 mind.B）爆破音 +破擦音爆破音与破擦音/t?,d?,tr,dr/相邻时，产生不完全爆破。如：Picture/ObjectThat childGood jobSweet dreamGreat changesA fast trainC）爆破音+鼻辅音爆破音与鼻辅音/m,n,?/相邻时：在词中，不完全爆破；在词尾，鼻腔爆破。如：Utmost/Admit/Midnight/Certain/Button/GardenGood morningGood nightStart nowI don t knowJust momentA good neighborD)爆破音+边辅音爆破音与边辅音/l/相邻时

8、：在词中，不完全爆破；在词尾，舌侧爆破。如：Lately/Badly/Mostly/FriendlyA bit louderI d like toStraight lineGood luckAt lastAt lunch4. 同化：人们在说话的时往往会不自觉地让一个音受相邻音的影响，使它们变得与其相同或相似；或者两个音互相影响，变为第三个音。这两种现象被称为音的同化。同化可以发生在同一个词、复合词内或者句子相邻词之间。1)因声带 的影响而发生的同化：A) 浊辅音可变为清辅音，如： of(vf ) course， his(zs ) pen， with(e ) pleasure。B)清辅音可变为浊

9、辅音，如：like(kg ) that。2)因发音部位 的影响而发生的同化：A) /t/+/j/?/。如： /tDon t hurt yourself!I ll let you go this time.Don t you do that again.It s very nice to meet you.B) /d/+/j/?/。如：dDid your sister come?Would you please come in?Could you read this for me please?You didn t like English, did you?C) /s/+/j/?/。如：I m

10、iss you.May God bless you.We will come this year.D) /z/+/j/?/。如：Here s your ticket.I love you because you are you.Dont expect he tells you the truth.5. 省音：在快速、随便的言语中，一些音素被省略掉，被称为省音。省音能提高语速，使说话省力。在正式场合和语速慢的情况下，省音不是必须的。1)同一单词内元音的省略，主要是非重读音节中的/?/和 /?/，如：ord(i)n(a)ry。2) 当前一单词以辅音结尾，后一单词以/?/开头时，/?/常被省略，如：

11、 walk (a)way3)当前一单词以否定形式-n't结尾，后一单词以辅音开头时，/t/常被忽略，如：She isn'(t) there.I didn (t) hear you.He can (t) believe that.4)任何一个辅音，若后面紧跟着/h/， /h/可以不发音。如：Come (h)ere!Must (h)e /ti/ go?What will (h)e /wili/do?Has (h)e done it before?Tell (h)im to ask (h)er 5)将多个单词利用连读爆破等拼和在一起。如：gotta(got to)gonna(goin

12、g to)kinda(kind of)lotsa(lots of)gimme(give me)6. 强读式和弱读式：在一个句子，有些词说得又轻又快，而且较为含糊，有些词则说得又重又慢，而且较为清晰。那些说得响亮而清晰的词就是句子重音所在。实词（包括名词、实义动词、形容词、副词、数词疑问词等）一般都接受句子重音，为重读词，采用强读式；虚词（包括介词、代词、连词、冠词、助动词、情态动词等功能词）一般都不接受句子重音，为非重读词，采用弱读式。6.1 一般规律：1）弱读式只出现在句子的非重读词中。如：Pass me/m?/ the/e?/ book. me、 the弱读。2）单词单独出现或在句首或句尾

13、时，都采用强读式。如：What are you listeningto/tu:/?3）被特别强调的词，无论实词还是虚词都采用强读式。如：I am/?m/ Peter. 我就是皮特。6.2 虚词弱读规律：1）长音变短音，如：she/?i:/弱读/?/。2）元音前面的辅音被省略，如：him/h?m/弱读/?m/。3）辅音前面的元音被省略，如：am/?m/弱读/m/。4）元音一般弱读为/?/，如：can/k?n/弱读/k?n/。5）部分虚词有多种弱读式，如：would/w?d/弱读/?d,d/。7. 浊化：1） /s/ 后面的清辅音要浊化。如：/k/浊化成/g/: scar/school/discu

14、ssion/t/浊化成/d/: stand/student/mistake/p/浊化成/b/: spring/spirit/expression2）美音中，当/t/出现在两个元音之间并且处于非重读位置的时候，/t/需要浊化成一个近似于/d/的音。这样，writer 听起来和rider 的发音几乎没有区别。如：Letter/water/better/duty/bitter/cityI got it.Would you please pick it up?注： /t/如果处于重读位置的话，即使在两个元音之间也不需要浊化。请比较：清晰的 /t/浊化的 /t/I'talian'Ital

15、ya'tomic'atomLa'tino'Latinpho'tographer'photograph3)美音中，当/t/前面是一个元音，后面是一个模糊的/l/，且处于非重读位置，/t/也需要浊化成一个近似于/d/的音。如：Battle/bottle/cattle/little/rattle/settle4) 美音中，当/t/前面是一个清辅音或前鼻音/n/，后面是一个元音，且处于非重读位置， /t/也需要浊化成一个近似于/d/的音。如：Twenty/fifty/center/after/faster/actor/sister/yesterday朗读

16、练习：1. There are many things to consider when you are looking for a house, whether you intend to buy or only rent. After all, it is going to be your home, perhaps for quite a long time, and you want to be happy with it. You have to decide exactly what kind of house you want, how much you can afford t

17、o pay, and the type of neighborhood you wish to live in. However, it s always easy to efot ragll above, because it s most probably tyhoaut lfla ll in love with the house for sale at the first sight.2. YouthYouth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lip

18、s and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life.Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of sixty more than a boy of twenty. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals.Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust.Whether