语法专项———宾语从句

1、语法专项宾语从句在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。1语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句， 宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序， 即 “主句连词宾语从句（主语+谓语+）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：1） 连接词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有：who，what ，which 等。如：Could you tell me who knows the answer ， please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？The small children don't know what is in their stockings 这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东 西？2） 连接

2、词名词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose， what， which， how many， how much 等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class 他问我们班上谁的书法最好。The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room 老师问我们房间里有多少人。3） 连接词主语谓语。 连接词在从句中作宾语、 状语或表语。 常见的连接词有： who（ m）， what， which， how many， how much， when， wh

3、y， how， where， if /whether （在句中不 充当任何成分）等。如：He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi 他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？4）连接词名词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what, which , how many, how much , how 等。如：Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个

4、班吗？She asked me if I knew whose pen it was .她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。2连接词1） 当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用 that 引导， that 无词义， 在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：He said that he could finish his work before supper .他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。2） 当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if 或 whether 引导，意为 “是否 ”。如：I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years .我不知

5、道这么多年后他是否 还住在这儿。但在下列情况下只能用 whether： 在具有选择意义， 又有 or 或 or not 时，尤其是直接与 or not 连用时，往往用 whethe（r if or not 也能够使用） 。如：Let me know whether / if he will come or not . （= Let me know whethe er or not he will come ） 让我知道他是否能来。I don't know whether /if he does any washing or not . （= I don't know wheth

6、er or not he does any washing ）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether wego 我不知道我们是去还是留。 在介词之后用 whether。如：I'm interested in whether he likes English 我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time 我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这 项工作。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings 我担

7、心是否伤了她的感情。 在不定式前用 whether。如：He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man 他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。I don't know whether to go 我不知去否。He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train 他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车 去。 whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whether this is true or not , I can't say .这是否真的我说不上来。 引导主语从句和表语从句时宜

8、用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question .她是否能来还是个问题。The question is whether we can catch the bus .问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。 若用if会引起歧义时，则用 whether。如：Please let me know if you like the book .可理解为：a. Please let me know whether you like the book .请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。b. If you like the book ， please le

9、t me know.你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。3）如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如：Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning ？你能告诉我今天早上你为 什么开会迟到吗？3. 时态含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：1） 如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要， 选用相对应的任何时 态。如：I don't know when he will come back .我不知道他将何时回来。He tells me that his

10、 sister came back yesterday .他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。2） 如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要， 选用过去时态即一 般过去时、过去实行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如： The children didn't know who he was .孩子们不知道他是谁。 He asked his father how it happened .他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。3） 如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用 什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：The teacher said t

11、hat the earth goes round the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳转。-、，I -、 :4. 注意：if 和 when 既能够引导宾语从句， 也能够引导状语从句， 应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和 用法的不同。 if 和 when 引导宾语从句时，分别意为 “是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态 相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为如果，假如”和当时候”当主句时态是一般将来时时， 其时态用一般现在时。 它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中实行综 合考查。如： Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么时候

12、回来吗？ Sorry， I don't know. When he comes back， I'll tell you .对不起，不知道。当他回来了， 我将告诉你。I don't know if he will come .我不知道他是否会来。He will come if it doesn't rain .如果不下雨，他会来的。简化宾语从句常用六法 同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同（或相近） 的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：方法一： 当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish ， choose， a

13、gree， promise 等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him. We decided to help him.方法二： 当主句谓语动词是 know， learn， remember， forget， tell 等动词，且主句主语 与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词 +不定式 ”结构。例如：She has forgotte n how

14、 she can ope n the wi ndow. Shehas forgotte n how to ope n the wi ndow. 注：当主句谓语动词是 tell， ask， show， teach 等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间 接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为 “疑问词 + 不定式 ”结构。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station ? Could you tell me how to get to the station ?方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order （命令）require （需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语

15、不一致，宾语从句可简化为 “名词（代词） +不定式 ”结构。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四： 某些动词后的宾语从句，能够用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：He insisted that he should go with us.He insisted on going with us.The poor boy doesn ' know when and where he was born. The po

16、or boy doesn ' know the time and the place of his birth.方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如：Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the gro und.Liu Ping found a wallet lying onthe ground.方法六： 动词 seem 后的宾语从句，也能够用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要实行适 当的变化。例如：It seemed that the boys were going to win

17、. The boys seemed to win. 除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：I found that it was difficult to learn English well. f found it difficult to learn English well.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. f Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy. fThey

18、found the box very heavy初中英语宾语从句语法专项精选试题1 The girls asked if they some food and drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been 3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation to

19、day.A. had B. has . C. will have D. are4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A. could sheB. she could C. she can D. she may5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled 6 Can you tell me_ you were born, BettyA. whoB. whatC. whenD.that7 I don't

20、know _ they have passed the exam.A. whatB. ifC. whenD.where8 I hardly understand. _he has told me.A. thatB. whatC. whichDwho9 She didn't know_ back soon.A. whether he would beB. if would he beC. he will be10. I don't know he still lives here after so many years.A. whether B where C. what D.

21、when11. Do you know they listened to yesterday eveningA. whatB whenC whyD how12. He asked me told me the accident.A whomB whichC whoD whose13. They don't know their parents are.A that B what C why D which14. Please tell me what last year.A. where does your sister work B where did your sister wor

22、kC where your sister works D where your sister worked15. She asked me if I knew .A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it16. You must remember .A. what your mother saidC. your mother said what17 Did you know A. who he was looking afterC. who he is looking for18 C

23、ould you tell me _ A. when will they leave Beijing C. when they will leave BeijingB. what did your mother say D. what has your mother saidB. who was he looking forD. who he is looking after19. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeperB. when would they leave BeijingD. when did they leave BeijingWho Moved My Cheese was aninteresting book.A. that B. how C. what D. if20. I don't know Mr. Green will come to see us. He will help us with our English.A. why B. when C. how D