艺考生课程完型填空第五十三讲解题技巧和方法

1、2015年学大教育艺考生课程完型填空第五十一讲解题技巧和方法适用学科高中英语适用年级高中三年级适用区域全国通用课时时长（分钟）60分钟知识点1、解题方法和技巧（二）2、不同文体的完形填空解题法教学目标1、培养学生根据上下文信息进仃综合分析逻辑判断的能力。2、培养学生在具体语境中的词汇辨析能力。3、培养学生在语境中语法运用能力。4、加强学生对英美文化背景和生活常识的积累意识。教学重点1培养学生阅读能力和 定的语篇文章分析能力2、培养学生语法的运用能力，通过对完形填空解题技巧的概括，达到解题能力的提升。教学难点了解学生在解题中的思路并加以分析，指导他们形成一定的解题方法。教学过程一、课堂导入Ste

2、ve Jobs is really a success in computer field通过图片人物乔布斯的展示引出话题，并放一段视频引出一个残缺的苹果：20-30 分。这个残缺的苹果就像我们的完形填空，尽管不完整，但却很有吸引力，因为高考（这个类比很有趣，也很贴切，增强趣味性）复习预习Step IFill in the blanks with the strategiesSteve Jobs did what he loved to do in his life.He started Apple with Woz when he was 20. In ten years Apple had

3、 grown into a $2 billion company with over 4,000 employees, when he had just turned 30, he was rejected and got 2by Apple, which was destructive to him.But he didn ' t want to abandon what3ho do. He decided to4 again. He set up a company named NeXT and it developed so well5 in 1997 he returned t

4、o Apple with new tech no logy, which played a 6 role in the boom of Apple.Whe n asked what7 him going, Jobs said his being fired by Apple was th8 thing that could have ever happe ned to him. He n ever lost9 and just continued what he loved.Step 2. Conclusion1、However 2、fired 3、 Ioved4 start5、so 6 ma

5、jor 7、 kept 8、 best 9 faith三、知识讲解知识点1解题技巧和方法：一、利用首句来解题，根据全文来选择首句一般不设空。因此我们应重视首句，并利用首句预测短文的问题和全文内容。1.1 did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was and when I was 14 he said,“You' re never gto be any thi ng but a failure.”A. brightB useless C. simple D. hopeful2. Dorothy Brown was very h

6、appy as she sat in the theatre listening to the |musid. Today her little daughterLaure n was giving her first con cert. She had bee n wait ing for this mome nt for years and years.at last, ” she thought.“ How tfeiautiful herThe song made her go back to the days whe n she was Laure na youngsgirtje. O

7、rothy wan ted to bea con cert singer. She studied 2 in Fra nee, Italy and in the Un ited States.You finei becohee afuture, her teachers told her.But you must be prepared to study hard and work for many years.1. A. voice2. A. French3. A. actressB. faceB. musicB. stude ntC. dressC. pia noC. singerD. l

8、ifeD. danceD. dancer答案：A B C二、根据逻辑推理解题and the officers the n bega n to eat their meal, say ing that the mushrooms had a vteryangequite pleasanttaste. A. besidesB. butC. andD. orStude nts gen erally appreciate these special 50 opport un ities.They are almostalways fun and in teresti ng, and professor

9、s 51 them too because stude nts lea#n somuch in just a few short mon ths.50. A. work ing B. livi ng C. teachi ngD. learni ng51. A. holdB. like C. dislikeD. discover二、根据找复现同现解题复现 复现是一种词汇衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等形式， 重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情 况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的复现现象来选择正确答案

10、。(1) 原词复现。为了表达的需要，在具体的上下文中同一个单词重复出现。如：All of a sudde n I started to feel rather. She won dered why I was look ing for this sort of. I felt学习好资料欢迎下载even more helpless when she told me that it would be difficult to get Ojob without experienee.A. eneouraged B. dissatisfied C. helpless D. pleasedA. plac

11、eB job C. adviceD. help 同义词、近义词复现。同义词、近义词复现是借助意思相同或相近的表达方式，或解释性的语言使上下文的语义得以连接起来。如：That is what a hobby means, I guess. It is something we like to do in our spare time simply for theof it.The value in dollars is not important; we do it for the pleasure it gives us.A. ben efitB. goodC. funD. in terest

12、(3) 反义词复现。语意的连贯有时是通过对比结构而采用反义复现的手段，或者是以反义的方式对前文加以解释，考生可以从反义的角度判断正确的选项。如：学习好资料欢迎下载Foreing yourself to recall almost never helps because d oesn' tyour money; it onl* tightenls i.tA.lo osen B.weake n C.decrease D.reduce（4）同源词复现。对于上下文语义复现的表达，还可借助复现信息的同源词或同根词。如：Many teachers believe that the responsi

13、bilities for learning lie with the students. If a long reading assignment isgive n, the in structors expect stude nts to be familiar with the in formatio n in the read in g.Whe n research is, the professor expects the stude nt to take it actively and to complete it with mi nimum guida nee.A. collect

14、ed1B assigned C. distributed D. fini shed(5)上义词复现。上义词具有概括的作用。在篇章中，有时为了表达的需要，作者会先概述，再分述。概述时用的为上义词，分述则用比较具体的下义词，两者为总分关系。如:Other times, he would joi n stude nt groups to discuss a variety of a griculture, diving and mathematics.A. questi onsB subjectsC. mattersD. contents同现同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一句话或同一语篇中，

15、以确保语篇的和谐性、得体性。由于单词意义的差别、所使用的语境不同，因此所使用的上下文也各有差异。(1) 场所同现。如:On days, she word heavy clothds and a pair Of woolen glovgs.A.sunnyB. rainyC. cloudyD. snowy(2) 修饰同现。如:Although these Wide moder n roads are gen erallyand Well maintained, with little sharp curvesandmany straight, a direct route is not alway

16、s the most enjoyable one.A. stable B. smoothC. sple ndidD. complicated学习好资料欢迎下载A. selecti ons B. separati on sC. series sections(3) 因果同现。女口：Hooray,! ” shouted the crowd. It was the loudestI had ever heard at a meeting. The first-placd runnelr wastwo laps ahead of me when she crossed | the finishing

17、lineA. cheerB. shout C. cryD. no ise结构同现。女口：Sometimes he would invite a student to a game of chess. , he would join student groups to discuss a variety of subjects: agriculture, diving, mathematics.A. As a matter of factB. Later on C Other timesD. In gen eral(5) 同义同现。女口：If a stude nt has problem wit

18、h classroom work, the stude nt should eithera professor dur in gofficehours or |make an appo in tme nt.A. greet B. attach C. approach D. annoy知识点2不同文体的完形填空解题法 1.记叙文完形填空(1) 读好短文首句，琢磨文章内容。这是做完形填空最重要的一步。完形填空一般无标题，而且首句 一般不设空，是完整的一句话，信息就从这里开始，他暗示或告诉读者下文将会说什么。正确的利用首 句信息对于把握答案的方向是极其重要和有效的。(2) 读懂作者的态度。分析全文弄

19、清作者是否一直用某种态度叙述某件事情，正确把握反映作者情感 的关键词。(3) 通读全文，掌握大意，理清各个角色，记述文一般有两个或多个角色，作者对不同角色的态度是 不一样的，即便是他们做同样的事。(4) 理顺事件的发生、经过和结局。记述文多数是按事情的发展顺序进行叙述的，理清文章的发展顺 序才能把握文章的主脉。因此，先要理清人物间的关系及各自所作的事情， 这样做题时可以再一次从时 间上把握故事的进程。2. 议论文完形填空议论文完形填空不像记叙文形式那么有情景。 因此，我们对整个文章的把握相对来说也难得多。 解答这 类题要遵循下列原则：(1) 对于夹叙夹议形式的完形填空，要把叙和议有机的结合起来

20、。有的学生不注意这一点，把叙述和 议论分割开，只顾选个部分的答案，没有注意事件和论点的联系，对全文的整体合一没有把握好，答案 的正确率也必将大打折扣。(2) 对于纯议论形式的完形填空，要在掌握全文主旨的情况下，抓好每段的首句。抓住了每段的主旨 句也就是把握了文章的脉络，理解文意就容易了。(3) 理清文章的论点、论据有着相辅相成的关系，整个文章前后是一致的，故能说明论据的答案可以 在论点里得到印证，论点里的某些答案也可以与论据有机的结合起来。 若所选答案前后矛盾，论据与论 点相矛盾，最后结论与论点也就像矛盾，这就说明对文章的把握缺乏条理性和系统性， 需要重新理顺文 章各个部分，直到条理清楚为止，

21、再根据对全文的把握及各部分的逻辑关系选出正确答案。3. 说明文完形填空作说明文完形填空时，先要弄清说明对象，是具体的实物还是理论性的概念。近几年的高考题，作者在 文章的首句就直接提出要说明的对象。 只有明确了说明的对象，才能更好地掌握说明的具体内容。 在掌 握文章要说明的内容后，关键的是要把握文章的说明顺序，这是文章的主线。解这类题就如同画画，先 是画轮廓，再画具体内容，最后润色。说明文的顺序主要有：时间、空间、逻辑、认识顺序等。理清这 些顺序以后，我们就很容易选出答案。最后一步，我们要回过头来，依照文章的内容，将选择的答案代 入各空，检查答案是否符合。要注意，有时所选答案针对某句某空是对的，

22、但很可能在上下文中不合逻 辑。这就需要进行调整，直到文章上下通达，顺序、条理清晰为止。四、例题精析【例题1】（广东卷） We all know that some things are obviously right. For example, it is right to bej to other people. It is also right to look after the environment. Some things are _2_ wrong, too. For instanee, we should not hurt or bully（欺负）others, nor shou

23、ld we litter. Rules often tell us what is right or wrong.Rules can help the public make the right _3, and remain safe. Car drivers have to obey traffic regulations that tell them the right thi ngs to do on the road to avoid crashes. Cyclists who give sig nals before tur ning or stopping help prevent

24、.If people follow rules without tak ing other matters in to con siderati on, it will be _5_ for them to form what issometimes called a “ black and white ” view. For example, they may believe that people should alway truth, and that lying is _6 acceptable. Such people always stick to their views, eve

25、n if it means that they may get in toZ .Sometimes it may not be so easy to know 8what is right or wrong. Some people choose not to eat meatbecause they believe that it is 9 to eat animals, but others argue that they can eat meat and 10_ be kind to animals; some insist that stealing is always wrong,

26、but others think that one does not need to feel to 11 when steali ng some food to eat, if he lives in a really poor area and he is 12 . Rules help us live together in harm ony, because they show us the right way to 13 other .However, some people argue that rules may be_14, having observed that rules

27、 change all the time, and that some schools have some regulations and otherhave different ones -so who is to 15 what is right?1 A .kindB .se nsitiveC fairD. gen erous【答案】A【解析】根据后文look after the environment以及反面观点的hurt和bully可知，此处应该为kind （友善）。2A .equally B. slightly C clearlyD .in creas in gly【答案】C【解析】

28、与第一句some things are obviously right相对应，为同义词同现，故选 clearly。3. A suggesti onB con clusi ons C tur nsD choices【答案】D【解析】根据常识和下句tell them the right things to do可知规章告诉人们如何做出正确选择。4. A accidents B mistakes C falls D deaths【答案】A【解析】根据常识和上文出现的 avoid crashes这里应选prevent accidents也为同义词同现。5. A interestingB vital C

29、 easy D valuable【答案】C【解析】根据逻辑推断，这里应为人们很容易形成黑白”观，故选easy。6 .A seldom B rarely C merelyD never【答案】D【解析】因tell the truth与lying相对，可知这里应选与 always相对的never，为反义词同现7. A trouble B power C pris on D con trol【答案】A【解析】这里意为坚持 黑白”观的人很容易惹上麻烦，故选trouble8. A roughly B eve ntually C deliberately D exactly【答案】D【解析】由后文举例可知

30、，人们有时很难确切地”辨明是非。9. A awful B cruel C un healthyD unn ecessary【答案】B【解析】可根据线索词but推出，这里应选用与后文kind相对应的cruel。10. A stillB even C later D somehow【答案】D【解析】这句话的意思是说，他们可能会食肉，同时也会以某种方式善待动物，故选11. A nervous B anxiousC afraid D guilty【答案】D【解析】根据常识，偷东西会自觉有罪或内疚，故选guilty。12. A begging B starvingC growingD wandering

31、【答案】B【解析】根句上下文以及前文中的 he lives in a really poor area这里应选starving.somehow。属场所同现。13 A followB in struct C treat D protect【答案】C【解析】根句上下文可知这里应选treat。14. A disgusting B confusing C unsafe D unimportant【答案】B【解析】根据后文的 rules change all thetime,可知这里应选confusing。15 A predict B expla in C decideD con sider【答案】C【

32、解析】 根据前文的 some schools have some regulations and other have different one这里应选 decide,意为面对这些不同的规章制度，该由谁来抉择”什么才是正确的规章制度呢？五、课堂运用【基础】It has bee n argued by some that gifted childre n should be grouped in special classes, The 1 has bee n on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back

33、in their intellectual （智力的）growth by 2 situation that has designed for the_3_ children.There can be little doubt that 4 classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner. However, to take these 5 out of the regular classes may create serious problems.I obse

34、rved a number of 6 children who were taken out of a special class and placed in a _7 class. In the special class, they showed little ability to use their own judgment, relying_8_ on their teachers directions. In the regular class, having no worry about keeping up, they began to reflect 9 on many pro

35、blems, some of which were not on the school program.Many are concerned that gifted children become 10 and lose interest in learning. However this _11 is more often from pare nts and teachers tha n from stude nts, and some of these 12 simply con clude that special classes should be set up for those w

36、ho are 13. Some top students do feel bored in class, but why they 14 so goes far bey ond the work they have in school. Studies have show n that to be bored is to be an xious. The gifted child who is bored is an 15 child.1. A. principle B. theory C. argumentsD. classification【答案】B【解析】theory意为学说；理论；看法

37、”其后的动词为单数，不能选 C, principle :原则；准则；原理， classificati on:分类； 类别。2. A. designingB. groupingC. learningD. living。【答案】C【解析】learning situation学习环境3. A. smartB. curiousC. matureD. average【答案】D【解析】average children普通的孩子与前句的gifted children相对应。4. A. regular B. special C. smallD. creative【答案】B【解析】毫无疑问，特长班能够帮助有天赋

38、的学生早点毕业，尽快就职。5. A. childre n B. programs C. graduatesD. desig ns【答案】A【解析】把这些有天赋的孩子们从普通班里选走可能会造成严重的问题。6. A. i ntellige ntB. compete nt C. ordi naryD. i ndepe ndent【答案】Ain depe ndent 自主的。【解析】in tellige nt聪明的；compete nt能胜任的；ordi nary普通的；7. A. separate B. regularC. n ewD. bori ng【答案】B【解析】regular class普通

39、班8. A. specially B. slightlyC. wron glyD. heavily【答案】D【解析】heavily意为严重的”本句意为：在特长班由于严重依赖老师的指导，他们几乎不能表现出 自己的判断能力。9. A, directly B. cleverlyC. voluntarilyD. quickly【答案】A【解析】reflect directly on many problems直接思考许多问题”与前面的rely on相对应。10. A. doubtedB. boredC. worriedD. tired【答案】B【解析】从后面的lose interest可知。11. A

40、. concern B. con clusi onC. reflecti onD. in terest【答案】A欢迎下载学习好资料【解析】前句的 Many are concerned that已提示。12. A. stude ntSB. adultsC. scholarsD. teachers【答案】B【解析】adults 指前面的 parents and teachers.13. A. talented B. worriedC. learnedD. interested【答案】A【解析】talented与gifted同义。14. A. believe B. thinkC. sayD. fee

41、l【答案】D【解析】 从前句 Some top students do feel bored in clas可知。15. A. outstanding B. intelligent C. anxious D. ordinary【答案】C学习好资料欢迎下载【解析】 从前句 Studies have shown that to be bored is to be anxious.【巩固】Why do I want to go to college? No one has ever asked me 1 a questi on. But many times I have asked myself.

42、 I have 2 a whole variety of reasons. 3 important reason is that I want to be a better man.Many things make huma n beings differe nt 4 or better tha n or eve n superior to ani mals.One of the most important things is 5 If I fail to receive higher education, my education6 . As Iwant to be a fully _Z

43、man, I must get a well-rounded education, which good colleges and universities are supposed to 8 I know one can get educated in many ways, but colleges and universities are 9 the best places to teach me how to educate myself. Only whe n I am well-educated, will I be a better huma n being and 10 fit

44、into society1. A. quiteB. soC. suchD. ano ther【答案】C【解析】such常用在不定冠词或名词前修饰可数名词或不可数名词，表示此类的” 这种的”故such为正确选项。2. A. come up withB. agreed withC. been fed up withD. got on well with【答案】A【解析】come up with意为提出、找出” agree with意为同意” be fed up with意为对厌倦” geton well with意为 和相处得好”根据文意A为正确选项。3. A. Most B. The mostC

45、. MoreD. Much【答案】B【解析】上文讲到我曾找到过各种各样的原因，其中最重要的原因应当是 ，因此这里应用important的最高级，故选the most4. A. toB. aroundC. betweenD. from【答案】D【解析】固定结构be different from表示不同于”。5. A. educati onB. weatherC. temperatureD. scie nee【答案】A【解析】本段着重说明了教育在人的发展中的作用，以及大学在教育中的地位。作为总括句，本空应填educati on。6. A. finishedB. don ' t finish

46、C. will not finishD. has finished【答案】C【解析】这是一个含有条件状语从句的复合句，意为如果我不能受到更高等的教育，我就无法完成我的学业”，故选will not finish为正确选择。7. A. developB. developedC. develop in gD. experie nee【答案】B【解析】这里只能选可作定语的选项。过去分词developed表示 成熟的”为正确选项8. A. improveB. graduateC. hearD. provide【答案】D【解析】大学应是提供高等教育的地方，provide符合文意为正确选项。9. A. be

47、twee n B. amon gC. in sideD. outside【答案】B【解析】介词among可表示”包括在内”为正确选项。10. A. can good B. may betterC. be able to betterD. be able to best【答案】C【解析】与前半句相对应，这里仍应用比较级，而may better意思不对，因此be able to better为正确选【拔高】Farley worked for the Can adia n gover nment. One day, he was 1 to lear n more about wolves. Do w

48、olves kill lots of caribou （北美驯鹿）? Do they kill people?They gave him lots of food and clothes and guns. Then they put him on a pla ne and took him to2 Thepla ne put him dow n and went away. There were no houses or people in this place. But there were lots of ani mals and lots of wolves.People tell t

49、errible stories about wolves. They say wolves like to kill and eat people. Farley remembered these stories, and he was 3. He had his gun with him4.Then one day, he saw a group of wolves. There was a mother wolf with four baby wolves. A father wolf and another young wolf lived with them.Farley watche

50、d these wolves every day. The mother was a very 5mother. She gave milk to her babies. She gave them less ons about life. They lear ned how to_6 food. The father wolf got food for the mother. The young wolf 7 the childre n. They were a ni ce, happy family wolf family! Farley did n ot n eed his 8 _any

51、 more. In a short time, he got on well with the family. Farley watched them for five mon ths. He lear ned that many stories about the wolves were 9. Wolves do not eat people, and they do not eat many large ani mals. And he also learned bad things about men. It was men who killed many caribou and wol

52、ves.Later, Farley wrote a book about wolves. He wan ted people to 10 them and not to kill them.1. 1. A. seen B. toldC. heard D. found【答案】B【解析】Farley是政府工作人员。从上下文得知，他是被派去进行调查和研究狼的习性的，故选told2. A. a small townB. a big city C. a far place D. a Ionely village【答案】C【解析】根据下文飞机把 Farley送到了一个没有房屋和人的地方，说明了这个地方不可

53、能是城市，小镇 和村庄故a far place为正确答案。3. A. afraid B. happy C. angry D. tired【答案】A【解析】狼吃人的恐怖故事给孤身一人的Farley带来的应是afraid。4. A. at times B. all the time C. once a week D. every after noon【答案】B【解析】因为Farley害怕，所以枪应始终不能离身。all the time意为一直、始终”5. A. bad B. good C. hungry D. thirsty【答案】B【解析】根据下文的描述，狼妈妈给孩子们喂奶，对孩子们进行训练，可

54、见是一位好妈妈，故选good。6. A. cook B. make C. getD. pick【答案】C【解析】狼只能猎取食物，而不能烧食物，生产食物。get合乎文意，为正确答案。7. A. shouted at B. looked into C. laughed at D. played with【答案】D这三【解析】shout at意为 朝大声叫喊”；look into意为 调查、观察”；laugh at意为 嘲笑个词组都不符文意。play with意为 和一起玩耍”，合文意为正确答案。8. A. food B. clothes C. gunD. pla ne【答案】C【解析】the ni

55、ce happy wolf family让Farley不再害怕，因此也就不再需要枪了，故选择 gun.9. A. not good B. not true C. not easy D. not clear 【答案】B学习好资料欢迎下载,故选 not true。【解析】因为他的亲身体验与他所听到的相违背，说明以前关于狼的说法是不对的10. A. grow B. have C. teach D. un dersta nd 【答案】D【解析】understand意为了解”合乎文意，为正确答案课程小结本节课主要讲解完型填空的解题技巧和针对不同文体的解题策略。帮助学生形成正确的解题思路，明确答题策略的重

56、要性，建议学生掌握不同方式的解题技巧，对照其有效性，提高答题的正确率。课后作业【基础】Once, a king showed two men a large basket in the garden. He told them to fill it with water from a well.After they _ their work, he left them, saying,“When the sun is down, I will come and see your workAt last one of them said, “ What'he use of doing t

57、his foolish work? We can 2 fill the basket. 3ma n an swered, “ That is none of your bus in ess.” The first man said.“You may do as you like,work at 4so foolish. ” 5 H占is bucket and went away. The other man said no word, and kept on carrying6. At last the well was almost?As he poured the last bucket of water into the basket, he saw a bright thing in it. He picked it up.