2020高中英语专题练习-定语从句知识点归纳讲解(附同步练习)

1、高中英语语法基础一一定语从句知识点归纳讲解（附同步练习）一、定语从句的两个要点：先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。通常情况下，引导词前面的名词即为从句的先行词。关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。也可以称作引导词。关系代词： who, whom, which, that, whose, as,在从句内作主语、宾语等名词性成分。关系副词：when, where, why在从句内作状语。二、定语从句的关系词(引导词)用法精讲：(1) .使用 who、whom、which、that 的定语从句1. whoThis is the boy who plays basketball very we

2、ll.This is the teacher who is teaching us English. who指人，在从句中作主语。2. whomThis is the boy (whom) I often help.The man is our headmaster (whom) you met just now.I met the girl (whom) you often praise. whom指人，在从句中作宾语，可省略。3. whichThis is the farm which keeps many cows.This is the farm (which ) I visit ev

3、ery year. which指事物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。4. that以上三种情况均可用that。指人或指物，可作主语和宾语，作宾语时可省略。(2) .使用whose的定语从句Do you know the girl whose father is mayor.I used to work in an office whose window faces north.I work in a school whose students are excellent. whose指人或物的所属关系，表示 某人的“或某物的"。whose在从句中做定语。(3) .只能用tha

4、t引导定语从句的情况(1) 先行词为不定代词 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, muchI will do all (that) I can to help you.Parents try to offer everything (that) children need.There is not much (that) I can do here. (2)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。This is the first English novel (that) I have ever read.This is the

5、last lesson (that) I will give you.This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.(3)先行，被 the only, the very 修饰时。6This is the only thing (that) I can do for you.This is the very book (that) I am looking for.(4)人和物同时作先行词时。We talked about the things and people (that) we saw in the foreign country.(5) 避

6、免重复：who / which开头的疑问句。Who is the man that is standing over there?Which is the book (that) you want to borrow?(6)当引导词在定语从句中作表语时，引导词也可省略。He is no longer the man (that) he was. = He is no longer what he was.(表语从句 )(4) .使用 介词+ which ”和 介词+ whom"的定语从句This is the village in which / where I was born.P

7、hysics is a subject in which I am very interested.This is the man with whom I am working.I have many friends, most of whom are businessmen.I have two sisters, both of whom live in the countryside.区分：This is the garden which I am looking after. look after, take care of, look for等固定词组，介词不可分开。(5) .使用wh

8、ere, when, why 的定语从句1. whereThis is the village where I was born.区分：This is the village which has many green houses.This is the shop where I buy bread.This is the shop which sells bread.This is the school where I am working. This is the school which has many good teachers and students. where指地点，代替表示

9、地点的介词短语(介词+先行词)，在从句中作状语。which指事物，在从句中做主语/宾语，不做状语。 当point, situation , conditions等词作先行词表抽象的地点，其后常由where引导Can you think out a situation this word canbe used?Her illness has developed to the point nobody can cure her.2. whenI ' ll never forget the days when we studied together.区分：I ' ll never f

10、orget the days (which) we spent together.We are living in an age when many things are done on computer.We are living in an age which is seeing great changes. when指时间，代替表示时间的介词短语(介词+先行词)，在从句中作状语。which,指时间，在从句中做主语 /宾语，不做状语。3. whyHe told me the reason why he didn' t come to school.区分：The reason (wh

11、ich) he gave us is not true. why指原因，代替 for the reason,在从句中彳状语。which指原因，在从句中做主语/宾语，不做状语。例题：1） They will have to put off his concert until next month,he finishes his travel around the world.（when = next month ;在从句中作状语）2） Anyway, that evening,I' ll tell you more about later, Iseadiedg ap Rachel'

12、; s place.（which = that evening ;在从句中作宾语 ）3） Life is like a long race we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.（where = in the race ;在从句中作状语）4） Because of the financial crisis, days are gone local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.（when = during the days ;在从句中作状语）5） The reason he r

13、ejected our plan is that he had no faith in us.（why = for the reason ;在从句中作状语）6） The professor listed a number of cases people shouldn' t talk to strangers.（where = in the cases;在从句中作状语）7） I have reached a point in my life I am supposed to make decisions of my own.（where = at the point ;在从句中作状语）

14、8） It ' s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.（where = in the situation ；在从句中作状语）9） Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers consumers' complaints have resultethe law. （where = in the cases; 在从句中作状语 ）（六）.way做先行词，用in which / that引导定从，或省略

15、，引导词在从句中作状语。1） I like the way （ in which / that ） you talk.2） I don ' t like the way （ in which / that ） she whispers in others' ears.区分：We must learn to act in ways do not harm other living things.（that; 作主语）三、非限制性定语从句（一）非限制性定语从句，先行词后有逗号。先行词常为入名或地名”，定语从句对其说明作用不大，完全可以省略。不能使用that,其他根据情况均可使用。1

16、. Football,is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. （which）2. My father,is a kind man, works in this school. （who）3. Lincoln,was killed in 1865, was a good president.（who）4. Miss Zhao,you met , is our English teacher.（whom）（二）.which, as指代一句话，引导非限制性定语从句.1. I gave her a hand, which ma

17、de her happy.2. He came late, which is often the case. which指代一句话，引导非限制性定语从句，译成 这一点，这件事”，放主句后。As is well-known, China is developing very fast.（定从）China is developing very fast, as_is well-known. （定从）区分：It is well-known that China is developing very fast.（主从） as指代一句话，引导非限制性定语从句，常译成 芷如，正像”，放句首或句尾。（三）.

18、as引到的限制性定语从句，suchas, the same asHere is such a big stone as no one can lift.（定从）比较：as和that的区别Here is such a big stone no one can lift it. （that ; 状从）She is such a nice girl everyone likes. （as定从）She is such a nice girl everyone likes her. （that 状从）His plan was such a goodone we all agreedto accept.

19、（as定从）His plan was such a goodone we all agreedto accept it.（ that状从）定语从句同步练习：一.单项选择。1. In fact the Sweden （瑞典人）did not understand the three questions were asked in French.A. where B. who C. in which D. which2. Have you seen the film“ Titanic ” ,leading actor is world famous?A. its B. whose C. which

20、 D. it ' s3. The result of the experiment was very good,we hadn' t expected.A. when B. that C. which D. what4.is known to all, China will be an advanced and powerful country in 20 or 30 years' timeA. It B. That C. Which D. As5. The gentleman you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A.

21、who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom6. He paid the boy &10 for washing the windows, most of hadn' t been cleaned for at least a year.A. them B. those C. that D. which7. China has hundreds of islands,Taiwan is the largest.A. in which B. of whichC. which D. that8. The day finally came I was

22、offered a job.A. when B. that C. which D. since9. What surprised me was not what he said but he said it.A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which10. New York,last year, is a nice old city.A. that I visited B. which I visited C. where I visited D. in which I visited11. has been ann

23、ounced, we shall have our final exam next month.A. That B. As C. It D. What12. The famous basketball star,tried to make a come back, attracted a lot of attention.A. where B. when C. which D. who13. He is the only one of the students who a winner of scholarship for three years.A. is B. are C. have be

24、en D. has been14. Thank you for giving me the Best Design, the very book I m looking for.A. what B. which C. that D. where15. He s said to have been spending his holidays in Shanghai, is a coastal city.A. which B. where C. that D. as16. There is no such place you dream of in the whole world.A. that

25、B. as C. which D. what17. The mountain village we spent our holiday last month lies in Hubei.A. which B. where C. that D. when18. The reason he gave was that he had got up lateA. why B. that C. of which D. for which19. She was educated at Beijing University, she went on to have her advanced study ab

26、road. A. after that B. from that C. from which D. after which20. Look out! Don t get close to the house, roof is under repair.A. whose B. which C. of which D. that二用适当的引导词完成下列定语从句。1. This is the teacher is teaching us English.2. This is the farm keeps many cows.3. This is the farm I am working now.4. This is the farm I visit every year.5. Birthday is a day is important for everyone.6. I ll never forget the day I first came to this school.7. That was a day I ll remember forever.8. I don t know the reason he of