马克吐温的写作风格以《哈克贝利弗恩历险记》为例

1、中国地质大学江城学院An Analysis of the WritingStyles ofMark TwainThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn姓 名：专 业： 英 语班 级：学 号：授课教师：摘要：马克吐温，美国作家。本名塞谬尔朗赫恩克莱门斯。马克吐温是其 笔名。出生于密西西比河畔小城汉尼拔的一个乡村贫穷律师家庭 .美国现实主义 者作家的杰出代表和幽默家，马克吐温写的作品通常是关于他个人的经验和他 从第一手的经验所知道的事。马克吐温所创造的有史以来最好的作品-哈克贝利芬历险记。它 讲述了 1850年左右。故事发生在无人居住的荒野和森林茂密的密西西比河沿岸。

2、故事是描写小顽童哈克遇到逃离主人的小黑奴吉姆，两人为了躲避一场杀人误 会，乘坐一条小木筏沿著密西西比河顺流而下， 碰到了各种有趣的遭遇。而哈克 为了应否协助黑奴逃亡也时常内心交战， 最后，哈克改变自己对黑人的偏见，竭 尽所能地帮助吉姆，并和吉姆成为了好朋友。马克吐温的传世佳作哈克贝利费恩历险记，为美国小说的语言带来意 义深远的变化，奠定了美国文学口语化风格的基础。它文笔清新，不事雕琢，词 汇和句法简单朴素，语言直接、准确、简明，颇有浑然天成的意味；长句极其少 见，句子多为简单句或并列复合句，有时甚至不合语法规则。而且字句和结构重 复出现，使文字生动活泼，获得回旋复沓、蕴涵幽深的效果。马克吐温的

3、风格 开创了美国小说语言口语化的先河，对后世作家产生了巨大影响。全篇的现实主义描绘和浪漫主义抒情交相辉映， 尖锐深刻的揭露、幽默辛辣 的讽刺以及浪漫传奇的描写浑然一体，形成了马克吐温独特的艺术风格。关键词：马克吐温 哈克贝利弗恩历险记 写作风格通俗语 讽刺 影响AbstractMark Twain, pseudorym of Samuel Langhone Clemens, was brought up in the town of Hannibal, Missouri, near the Mississppi River. As one of America?s first and fore

4、most realists and humorists, Mark Twain usually wrote about his own personal experiences and things he knew about from firsthand experience. His life spanned the two Americas, the frontier America and the emerging urban, industrial giant of the twenty-century.The best work that Mark Twain ever produ

5、ced is « The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn» . It tells a story about the United States before the Civil War, around 1850.The story takes place along the Mississippi River, on both sides of which there was unpopulated wilderness and a dense forest. It relates the story of the escape of Jim

6、 from slavery and, more important, how Huck Finn, floating along with him and helping him as best he could, changes his mind, his prejudice about black people, and comes to accept Jim as a man and as a close friend as well.The famous masterpiece «The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn，has brought s

7、ignificant change to the American novel ,and laid the foundation of the American literary colloquial style. Its pure and fresh and writing style,Write in an inornate style, using simple vocabulary and syntax , direct, precise and concise language, quite have integrated with mean; Direct and accurate

8、, concise language, which is quite unaware tiancheng imply. He scarcely use long sentence, mostly are simple sentence or tied for complex sentences, and sometimes the sentences even not grammar rules. Letters and structure used repeatly, which make the characters lively, get swing after moving swift

9、ly enough, contain a deep effect. Mark Twain was the pionner who started use colloquia in the novel , which has a great influence on the latter writers.Sharply exposed ,humor and bitter irony ,and romantic legend depictions of one integrated mass, Form the Mark Twain unique artistic style.Key words:

10、 Mark Twain The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn writing styleColloquial Language Satire influence1、 Abstract2、 Bibliography2.1 Baym Nina： The Norton Anthology of American Literatu,reW.W. Norton & Company, Inc, 19982.2 Forrest G. Robinson： The Cambridge Companion To Mark Twain， Shanghai Foreign La

11、nguage Education Press3、 Analyzing Two Writing Styles of Mark Twain3.1 Vernacular and Colloquial Language in The Adventuresof Huckleberry Finn3.2 Satire in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn3.3 A Combination of Colloquial Language and Satire4、 The Significance of Mark Twain s Writing Styles5、 Conclu

12、sionCONTENTSAnalyzing Two Writing Styles of Mark Twain (in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn)Mark Twain was the first important writer to consistently use the American speech rather than England?s English. His honor, whether it was aimed at pure entertainment or at social satire, was irresistible.

13、His realism, and details influenced many later American novelists. That was why Ernest Hemingway once said “ all modern American literatures came from one book written by Mark Twain called The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. ” And it became Twain?s masterpiece. Mark Twain?s three years? life on that

14、 returned to the Mississippi left such a fond memory with him that returned to the theme more than once in his writing career. Huckleberry Finn is a veritable recreation of living models, and is Huck?s book, not Jim?s. The two major characters, Huck and Jim, represent the two sides of the dilemma: H

15、uck strikes out for an absolute freedom, while Jim requires, in order to gain his own freedom, that Huck qualify his freedom by entering into the pursuit of Jim?s. It starts out as a comedy , an ,As You Like It? with a hero drawn from the bottom of society rather than the top.Huck and his father, Ji

16、m, the swindlers(the Duke and the Dauphin), colonel sherburn and the drunkard Boggy-all these characters prototypes in real life. The portrayal of individual incidents and characters achieved intense verisimilitude of detail. Serious problems are being discussed through the narration of a little ill

17、iterate boy. The fact that the wilderness juxtaposed with civilization, the people half wild and half civilized, many of whom are worse, vulgar, are brutal. As for the style of the book, the form is based on the simplest of all novel-forms, the so-called picaresque novel, or novel of the road, which

18、 strings its incidents on the line of the hero?s travels. But, in this novel, rivers are roads that move, and the movement of the road in its own mysterious life transmutes the primitive simplicity of the from: the road itself is the greatest character in this novel of the road, and the hero?s depar

19、tures from the river and his returns to it compose a subtle and significant pattern. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn shows us the major achievements of his art: the masterful use of dialects; humor and pathos,innocence and evil. This novel demonstrates his ability to capture the enduring, archety

20、pal, mythic images of America and to create the most memorable characters in all of American fiction.Use of Colloquial LanguageThe book is written in a colloquial style, in the general standard speech of uneducated Americans. Moreover, the prose of Huckleberry Finn established the prose virtues of A

21、merican colloquial speech. It has something to do with ease and freedom in the use of language. Most of all, it has to do with the structure of the sentence,which is simple, direct, and fluent, maintaining the rhythm of the word?s group of speech and the intonations of the speaking voice. Mark Twain

22、?s colloquial style has influenced a large number of American writers.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn displays the major achievements of his art: the carefully controlled point of view, with its implicit ironies expressed through the voice of a semiliterate boy: the masterful use of dialects: the

23、 felicitous balancing of nostalgic humorist and realism, humor and pathos, innocence and evil, all united for a journey down the Mississippi that serves as the mythic center of the novel. This novel demonstrates his ability to capture the enduring, archetypal, mythic images of America and to create

24、the most memorable characters in all of American fiction.Satire in The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnSatire is a way of criticizing people or ideas in a humorous way to show that they have faults or are wrong, or a piece of writing or play, which uses this style. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Fin

25、n, Twain shows satire on southern culture before the civil war, when the Mississippi valley was still being settled. Twain blended two different subjects, the experience of westward expansion and the experience of southern slavery. And he wrote about both regains of the country. His attitudes toward

26、 the south were much less pleasant than his attitudes toward the west, becausehe confronted the south problem of slave of mistreatment of humans by humans. Through the change of the white boy Huck?s attitude toward Jim, a runaway black slave, Twain condemned racial discrimination. Twain made fun of

27、typical American values, yet underneath he felt a brooding pessimism not only about American valuable but also about life itself. It was a dreadful thing to see Human beings be awful cruel to one another. Due to Twain?s own experience, satire is successfully used in this novel. There?sone significan

28、t scene which should be remembered, Huck Finn witnesses many instances of cruelty, brutality and hypocrisy in the township along the river Here are four points about his satire in this novel.Vernacular LanguageMark Twain wrote in his unpretentious, colloquial, and poetic style. He used vernacular la

29、nguage, dialect with spelling representing pronunciation. Part of this comes from his interest in humor. The directness of the language is a very influential point in Twain?s style. Ernest Hemingway in the 20th century said that he had learnt his craft from Mark Twain because if the direct speech an

30、d the direct narration that Twain was able to achieve. The hoax and tall tale are also part of twain?s style. Hoax is writing something fantastic and pretending that it were true, much like the tall tale. It tolls as if it were true, and so the reader would laugh that any body could believe such pre

31、posterous things, the burlesque making fun of establishes ways of writing.Mark Twain said, “ Iamend dialect stuff by talking and talking it till it sounds right. ” He wanted his writing to have the sound of e-gaosiyng speech. In Huckleberry Finn the fountainhead of the American colloquial prose, he

32、wrote seven different dialects and each can be distinguished. If the reader is a linguist, he can examine the different pronunciations that Twain has shown. In his own time, dialect writing was considered humorous. People got a big laugh out of reading these misspell words. Another feature of the bo

33、ok, which helps to make it famous is its language. The book is written in the colloquial style in the general standard speech of uneducated Americans. Mark Twain?s introductory note on accents is an indication of his conscious attempt to achieve accurate detail. “ Inthis book, ” he says, “ anumber o

34、f dialects are used, to wit: the Missouri Negro dialect; the extreme forms of the backwoods southwestern dialect; the ordinary ,pike country? dialect; and four modified varieties of this last. The shadings have not been done in a haphazard fashion, or by guesswork; but painstakingly, and with the tr

35、ustworthy guidance andsupport of personal familiarity, with these several forms of speech. ”“ Painstaking” and “ not haphazard, ” though they possess a humorous ring, denote the conscientious effort on the part of the au thor, and trustworthiness and familiarity and the author?s awarenessof dialects

36、 in using which reveal his attempt to reproduce actual daily speech with a degree of accuracy. A recent and very influential recasting of Huck?s vernacular voice has identified. We may quote a passage from this masterpiece as an illustration:“ I took the sack of corn meal and took it to where the ca

37、noe was hid, and shoved the vines and branches apart and put it in; then I done the same with the side of bacon; then the whisky-jug. I took all the coffee and sugar there was, and all the ammunition; I took the wadding; I took the bucket and gourd; took a dipper and a tin cup, and my old son and tw

38、o blankets, and the skillet and the coffee-pot/ I took fish lines and matches and other things- everything that was worth a cent. I cleaned out the place I wanted an ax, but there wasn?t any, only the one out at woodpile, and I know why I was going to leave that. I fetched out the gun, and now I was

39、 done.”The words used here are, perhaps “ ammunition ” which is etymologically French, mostly Anglo-Saxon in origin, and are short, concrete and direct in effect. Sentence structures are most of them simple or compound, with a series of“ then ” andand semi-colons serving as connectives. The repetiti

40、on of the word “ took a” nd the stringing together of things leave the impression that Mark Twain depend solely on the concrete object and action for the body and movement of his prose. What is more, there is an ungrammatical element, which gives the final finish to his style. The whole book approxi

41、mates the actual speech habit of an uneducated boy from south American of the mid-nineteenth century.The vernacular language in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn initiated the new style of language in American novels, and has had significant influence upon American writers of later generations.A Co

42、mbination of Colloquial Language and SatireTo sum up, fundamentally, Twain is a great American writer. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is an outstanding novel; one of the most successful writing styles is a combination of colloquial language and satire. In fact, most of Twain?s works are the comb

43、ination of both colloquial language and satire, but The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was a case in point. On the other hand, it is his masterpiece as a humorist while the novel also can be eyed as a satire on sentimentality and Romanticism on the other. We have ever seen colloquial language and sa

44、tire in some works, but no one?s writing is so appropriate like Twain?s. It displays American culture out of the ordinary and the attitude toward the entire society. In this book, the author use the first character to narrate, meanwhile colloquial language as the main writing language has come into

45、the stage, in order to have the effect on vivid writing, satire is come out. In this situation, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn displays the major achievements of his art: writing in a rich and intricate style that supported his intense scrutiny of complex human experience.The Significance of Mar

46、k Twain s Writing StylesColloquial language and satire are so important in this novel. This image of the quintessential American writing is not really literary goes along with a vision of the great American novel but as a sort of spontaneous telling of unmediated experience. In the same passage Hemi

47、ngway explains that he has never been able to read Thoreau for being unable to read literary naturalists, only those who are extremely accurate. There aren?t nothingmore to write about, and I am rotten glad of it, remarks Huck at the end of his story. The heart of Twain?s achievement is his creation

48、 of Huck Finn, who embodies that mythic America, midway between the wilderness and the modern super state. That was why Ernest Hemingway once said “ allmodern American literatures came from one book written by Mark Twain called The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. ” And it became Twain?s masterpiece.

49、 In short, neither enlightenment nor retrospection elevates the style or the philosophy of Huckleberry Finn?s narrator into the high culture that has placed the work itself at its pinnacle.ConclusionAs one of America?s first and foremost realists and humorists, Mark Twain usually wrote about his own personal experiences and things he knew about from firsthand experience. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is Twain?s best book because, for whatever reasons, he brought together in it, with the highest degree of ar