七年级英语下册 形容词专题讲解 外研版

1、比较全面地介绍了初中英语形容词的概念，位置和用法，常用句型，三级变化，三级标志，三级特例，三级注意之点，多个形容词的排列顺序，形容词的同义词，形容词的反义词，形容词变为副词的规则等。初 中 英 语 形 容 词 专 讲一形容词的概念：形容词是用来修饰或限制名词(或不定代词或疑问代词或疑问副词), 说明人或事物的性质、特征、状态或属性的词. 二形容词的位置和用法. 形容词在句中主要作定语，表语, 宾语补足语. 有时还可作主语,宾语和状语. (一). 作定语. 修饰或限制名词或不定代词或疑问代词，或疑问副词.a. 前置定语. 形容词修饰或限制名词, 一般放在它所修饰或限制的名词之前. (1). On

2、e New Years Day, we put on our new clothes.  (2). I want to make some American friends. (3). Liu Sanzi is an eight-year-old boy.(其中eight-year-old叫复合形容词，其构成形式是:“数词+名词+形容词”,中间加连字符). 提示: 有的形容词只能作定语(不能作表语), 如：little(小的), only(唯一的), wooden(木质的), woolen(羊毛质的), elder(年长的). 如：(4). My elder brother is i

3、n Beijing.(正) My brother is elder. (误) b. 后置定语1. 形容词修饰或限制不定代词(something, anything, nothing, everything), 常放在不定代词之后.(5). I have something important to tell you. (6). I dont want anything else. 2. else修饰或限制疑问代词(who, whom, what等)或疑问副词时，通常放在疑问代词或疑问副词之后。(7). What else do you want? (8).Where else are you

4、going to visit? c. enough作定语修饰或限制名词时, 既可放在名词之前, 也可放在名词之后。 (9). Pandas will have enough food to eat.=Pandas will have food enough to eat. (二). 作表语. 放在连系动词之后. 常见的连系动词有四种. a. be动词. (10). Planes will be very large. (11). Running is tiring. b. 感官连系动词: feel(摸起来), look/seem (看起来), smell(闻起来), sound (听起来),

5、taste (尝起来). (12). Cotton feels soft. c. 变化连系动词: become, get, go, grow, turn. 都译作：“变得，成为”. (13). The fish went bad.  (14). Trees turn green when spring comes. d. 持续连系动词：keep, stay (都译作：保持).(15). Please keep silent. (16). Mr Jackson stayed cool. 提示：有的形容词只能作表语(不能作定语)，特别是以a-开头的形容词，如：afraid害怕, alon

6、e 独自的, asleep睡着的, awake醒着的，alive活着的(有时可作后置定语), well健康的, ill病的, frightened害怕的. 如：(17). The man is ill. (正) The ill man is my uncle.(误) (三). 作宾语补足语, 常放在宾语的后面，用来补充说明宾语的性质, 特征或状态。(18).We paint doors and windows red. (19). His waltses made him famous all over Europe.(20). What made you so interested in m

7、usic?(四). 作主语或宾语. (1). 形容词前加定冠词the, 表示某一类人或物. 在句中作主语或宾语, 作主语时, 谓语动词要用复数. 如：the old, the young, the rich, the poor, the blind等.(21). The rich should help the poor. (2). 表示国家和民族的形容词前加上定冠词the，表示这个民族的整体. 在句中作主语或宾语, 作主语时, 谓语动词要用复数, 如: the British，the English，the French，the Chinese等.(22). The English have

8、 the sense of humor.(五). 作状语, 表示原因、结果或伴随状况等。(23). The old man is lying on the street, cold and hungry. 三、使用形容词的几个常用句型. 1. “It is + adj. + to do sth(不定式), 表示：做某事是怎样的。 (24). It is difficult to see and hear at the back.提示：其中It叫形式主语，不定式叫真实主语，翻译时先译不定式, 这样做是为了避免句子显得头重脚轻. 2. “It is + adj. + for sb to do st

9、h. 表示；对某人来说做某事是怎样的 例：(25). It is more difficult for old people to learn English. 提示：a. 与上面的提示相同. b. 这一句型中常用的形容词有dangerous (危险的), difficult (困难的), easy (容易的), hard (艰难的), important (重要的), impossible (不可能的), interesting (有趣的), necessary(必要的), pleasant(舒适的), safe(安全的), useful(有益/用的)等, 如： (26). It is im

10、portant for Liu Sanzi to work on his fathers farm. (27). Its very necessary for students to listen to teachers carefully.3. It is + adj + of sb. 意为：某人是怎样的。.(28). It is very brave of her. 4. It is + adj + of sb to do sth. 意为：某人做某事是怎样的。(29). Its very kind of you to help me. (30). Its very rude of her

11、to say such words. (31). Its foolish of him to go alone. 提示：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词, 如careful(细心的), careless(粗心的), clever(聪明的), foolish(愚蠢的), good(好的), kind(友善的), lazy(懒惰的), nice(友好的), polite(有礼貌的), right(正确的), wrong(错误的)等. 5. 形容词+不定式 a. 表示感情或情绪的形容词后面常接不定式.这样的形容词有：glad(高兴的), pleased(高兴的), sad(忧伤的), t

12、hankful(感激的)等, 如:(32). Glad to see you. (33). Im very sad to hear the bad news. b. 表示能力和意志的形容词，如able(有能力的), certain(一定), ready(乐意的，有准备的)，sure(一定)等常接不定式。如:(34). He is able to swim. (35). Lei Feng is always ready to help others. (36). He is sure to get to school on time. 四形容词的三级。 (一). 三级变化. 大部分形容词有三级变

13、化, 即：原级，比较级 (意为：“更加/比较.的”)，最高级(意为：“最.的”). 变化分规则变化和不规则变化。(A). 规则变化：1. 单音节和少数双音节形容词(多半是没加前缀或后缀的形容词)的规则变化.(1). 一般在形容词词尾直接加er构成比较级, 直接加est构成最高级，如:talltallertallest， longlongerlongest, shortshortest (2) . 以不发音的字母e结尾的形容词，只需加r构成比较级, 加st构成最高级。如: nicenicernicest, fine finerfinest, largelargerlargest(3). 以辅元辅

14、结尾的重读闭音节形容词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加er构成比较级，加est构成最高级，如：bigbiggerbiggest， hothotterhottest, redredderreddest (4). 以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，先把y变为i，再加er构成比较级, 加est构成最高级，如: busybuierbusiest, easyeasiereasiest. 2. 部分双音节形容词(多半是加了前缀或后缀的形容词)和多音节形容词在原级前加more构成比较级, 在原级前加most构成最高级，如: tiringmore tiringmost tiring, relaxing more rela

15、xingmost relaxing, beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful (B). 不规则变化: 都是单音节形容词原级比较级最高级good (好的)well(健康的, 舒服的)better (较/更好的)best (最好的)bad (坏的/糟糕的),ill (病的)worse (较/更坏的, 较/更糟糕的)worst (最坏的)many/much (多的)more (较/更多的) most (最多的)little (少的，小的) less (较/更少的)least (最少的)old (老的/大的, 旧的)older(较老/大/旧的, 更老/大/旧的)el

16、der (较老/大的，更老/大的，仅用于兄弟姐妹间)oldest (最老/旧的)eldest (最老/大的, 仅用于兄弟姐妹间)far(远的)farther (较/更远的)further (进一步的) farthest (最远的)furthest (最远的)上面表格里几个形容词的用法提示：1. old 有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest. 其中elder, eldest只用于兄弟姐妹的大小关系, 且不能用于含有than的句子中.(37). My elder brother is an engineer. (38). Mary is the elde

17、st of three sisters. 2. far 有两种比较级，farther，further. 在英国英语中两者都可指距离. 但在美国英语中，father 表示距离，further表示“进一步的”. (39). I have nothing further to say. (40). futther study. (二)三级标志：1句子使用原级的两大标志a. 当句中含有as (so)as时，句子一般使用原级. (肯定句中只能用as, 而否定句中可用so或as) (41).Tom is as old as Kate. (42). Tom is twice as old as Kate.

18、(43). His English is as good as yours. (44). This room is not as/so big as that one. b. 当形容词前含有quite, so, too, very等副词时，句子一般用原级，如：(45). (46).有时没有这些词，根据语境，也只能用原级，如：(47).(45). He is too tired to walk on. (46). I am very hungry now, but I dont want to eat. 2句子使用比较级的三大标志：a. 当句中含有than一词时, 句子一般使用比较级, 构成形式

19、为: “形容词比较级+than. ”, 意为:“比更加”. 有时如果说话双方都明白句子含义时，也可没有than一词. (less是little的比较级，也可用于比较级中，放在形容词原级前, 意为: “较不”或“没有那么”) (47). He is taller than his brother. (48). There are more students in Class One than in Class Two. (49). Lucy has more books than Andy.(50). Mr Li looks older than Mr. Ma (51). Shanghai is

20、 an older city than Hong Kong. (52). The song is more popular than that one. (53). -Is your brother as active as you? -No, he is a quiet boy. He is less outgoning than I. (54). -Lets go to the new restaurant tonight. -We can cook it at home. Its less expensive. (55). Mary is less clever than Tom. (5

21、6). The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China. =The Yangtze River is longer than any of the other rivers in China.=The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China. (57). The buildings in New York are higher. b. 当句中含有., A or B

22、? 时，句子一般使用比较级。 (58). Which pen is newer, this one or that one? (59). Which is better, the red one or the green one?c. 当句中含有of the two (+n) 时，句子一般使用比较级。(60). He is the younger of the two students. 3. 句子使用最高级的四大标志 a. 当句中含有表示范围的介词in.时，句子一般使用最高级。要注意：如果句中有than一词，那么即使句中有in, 句子仍然必须用比较级。 (61). He is the tal

23、lest in his class. (62). Zhu Yunbin is the strongest student in our class. (63). The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.b. 当句中含有表示范围的介词of 时，句子一般使用最高级。 (64). He is the tallest of the three. (65). He is the oldest of all the students. (66). This apple is the biggest of the five. c.

24、当句中含有one of the时，句子一般使用最高级。one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词, 表示"最的之一"。(67). The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.(68). Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.d. 当句中含有, A，B or C ? 时，句子一般使用最高级。 (69). Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or moon? (70). Which country is

25、the largest, China, Brazil or Canada？(三) . 比较级与最高级的特例A. 比较级的五大特例1. 倍数+ 形容词比较级,“几倍”(71). This room is twice bigger than that one.2定冠词the + 形容词比较级，表示“较的那个人/物”, 如:     (72). The girl is the younger of the two. (73). Of the two skirts, Lucy chose the cheaper one. 3. "The + 形容词比较

26、级., the + 形容词比较级.", 表示"越., 就越.". (74). The more, the better! (75). The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes youll make.4. 数量词 + 形容词比较级. (76). She is three years older than Li Ming. (77). She is a head taller than me. 5. 程度副词 + adj比较级(根据语境确定含义). (a). even + adj比较级，表示“甚至更加” 还要更加” (78

27、). Tom looks even younger than before. (b). far + adj比较级，表示“大大地”，“远远地”，“得多”. (79). This movie is far more interesting than I expected. (80). Thats a far better idea. (81). far different. (c). much + adj比较级，表示“得多”(82). Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two. (83). I feel much better now. (d). stil

28、l + adj比较级，表示“还要更加” (84). The food in this restaurant is still more delicious than that in this restaurant. (e). a bit/little + adj比较级，表示“一点”. “一点儿”. (85). This one is a little better than that one. (86). Japan is a little larger than Germany. (87). This kind of cake is a bit nicer than that one. (f

29、). a lot + adj 比较级，表示“许多”. (88). My life will be a lot better than it is now. 6. "形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 ", 表示 " 越来越. ". (89). It's getting hotter and hotter. (90). This song is more and more popular now. B最高级的一大特例. 定冠词the + 序数词 + 形容词最高级 + 单数名词 + 表示范围的介词(如in/of等), 表示"第几个最

30、怎样的什么". (91). She is the second tallest student in our class. (四). 三级注意之点。1在句子中，形容词最高级前一般必须有定冠词the. (副词最高级前可使用定冠词the，也可不用定冠词the). (92). Tony has the longest journey. 提示：a. 当形容词的最高级前有物主代词或名词所有格时，就不再用定冠词the了，如： (93). Jim is my best friend. (94). Johns worse habbit is getting up late. b. 形容词的最高级作表

31、语, 且不与其他人或物相比较时，也不用定冠词the, 如: (95). Miss Gao is busiest on Friday. 2如果most前面没有定冠词the，句子就不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常”. (96). It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem. (97). He is a most careful student in our class. 3. 形容词原级前加least表示"最不". 如：(98). least important 五多个形容词的排列顺序. 如果两个

32、以上的形容词修饰同一个名词时，其先后排列顺序一般如下：限定词（a/the, my/this）+ 数量词（先序后基）+ 大/小 + 新/旧 + 颜色 + 国籍 +材料 + 名词. 如：(99). two tall young Japanese girls 六形容词的同义词(100). alive同living, live (101). beautiful同pretty (102). true同real, actual (103). big同great, large (104). clever同bright, smart (105). sunny同fine, shining, clear (106

33、). expensive同dear (107). difficult同hard (108. easy同simple (109). famous同well-known (110). fast同quick, rapid (111). fine同good,nice (112). healthy同fine, well (113). friendly同kind (114). ill同sick (115). little同small (116). loud同noisy (117). sad同sorry, unhappy七形容词的反义词.A. 规则变化 (1). 加dis前缀的, 如：(118). hone

34、st反dishonest (2). 加im-前缀的, 如：(119). possible 反impossible (120). polite 反impolite(3). 加in前缀的, 如：(121). Correct反incorrect(4). 加un前缀的, 如：(122). finished 反unfinished (123). friendly反unfriendly (124). happy 反unhappy (125). healthy 反unhealthy (126). important反unimportant (127). lucky反unlucky (128). n

35、ecessary反unnecessary (129). paid反unpaid(130). popular反unpopular (131). successful反unsuccessful   (132). tidy反untidy (133). usual反unusual B不规则变化(134). alive反dead (135). ancient 反modern (136). asleep反awake (136). back 反front (137). bad 反good (138). better反worse (139). best 反worst (140). big/

36、great/large反 small (141). black反white (142). brave 反shy (143). boring反exciting (144). bright/light反dark  (145). busy 反free (146). calm反nervous (147). cheap反dear/expensive(148). clean 反 dirty (149). clever反foolish/stupid (150). close/near 反far (151). closer/nearer反farther (152). c

37、losest/nearest反farthest (153). closed/shut反open (154). cold反hot  (155). cool 反 warm (156). correct/right反 wrong (157). dangerous 反safe  (158). difficult/hard反easy/simple (159). different反same (160). dry 反 wet (161). dull 反interesting (162). eastern反western (163). e

38、arly 反 late  (164). empty反full (165). fat 反thin (166). false 反true (167). fast反slow (168). few反many (169). fewer反more (170). fewest 反most (171). first反 last  (172). foreign 反home (173). found反lost (174). full反hungry (175). glad反 sad/sorry(176). hard 反soft (177). ha

39、rd-working反lazy (178). heavy反 light(179). high 反low  (180). hopeful 反hopeless (181). left 反right(182). less 反more (183). least反 most (184). little反much (185). long 反short (186). loud/noisy反quiet (187). mobile反still(188). narrow反wide    (189). naughty 反well-behaved (190)

40、. new 反old(191). north反south (192). northern反southern (193). no  反yes(194). old 反 young (195). poor反 rich (196). relaxed反tired (197). relaxing 反tiring (198). rough 反smooth (199). short 反tall (200). strong 反weak (201). thick 反 thin  (202). useful 反useless 八形容词变

41、为副词A. 变化规则1. 一般情况下直接加ly. (203). bad badly (204). carefulcarefully(205). carelesscarelessly (206). clear clearly (207). correct correctly (208). dangerous dangerously(209). greatgreatly (210). immediateimmediately (211). loud loudly (212). nicenicely (213). politepolitely (214). quickquickly (215). quietquietly (216). real really (217). recentrecently (218). sadsadly (219). safe safely (220). slow slowly (