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1、英语语法之疑问句§1 一般疑问句: Is she from America ?她来自美国吗?§2 特殊疑问句: When is your birthday ?你的生日是哪天?§3 选择疑问句: Is this a dog or a cat ?这是狗,还是猫?§4 反意疑问句: You are a student ,aren't you ?你是学生,不是吗?1 一般疑问句(需要用yes 或no 回答的疑问句,叫一般疑问句。)1) be 动词的一般疑问句: 句型:Be 动词+主语?Is your father angry ?你父亲生气了吗?Yes ,
2、he is.是的,他生气了。No ,he isn't.不,他没生气。Are there any birds in the sky ?天空中有鸟吗?Yes ,there are.是的,有。No ,there aren't.不,没有。Were the babies crying last night ?(进行时)昨天晚上这些孩子们一直在哭吗?Yes ,they were.是的,他们在哭。No ,they weren't.不,他们没哭。Is English spoken all over the world ?(被动语态)全世界都说英语吗?Yes ,it is.是的。No ,
3、it isn't.不。注意:进行时和被动语态(一般现在时、一般过去时、进行时)皆含有be动词,所以它们的疑问句和be 动词的疑问句相同。2) 一般动词(实义动词)的一般疑问句:句型:Do (Does ,Did )+主语+动词原形?do you love me ?Yes, I do. No, I dont.Does he have supper at home every day ?他每天在家吃饭吗?Yes ,he does.是的。No ,he doesn't.不。Did he do morning exercises yesterday ?昨天他做早操了吗?Yes ,he di
4、d.是的,他做了。No ,he didn't.不,他没做。3) 情态动词的一般疑问句: 句型:情态动词+主语+动词原形?Can you bring me some apples ?你能给我拿来些苹果吗?Yes ,I can.是的,可以。No ,I can't.不,不可以。Must I do it now ?我必须现在做吗?Yes ,you must.是的,你必须。No ,you needn't.不,你不必。4) 完成时的一般疑问句:句型:Have (Has )+主语+动词的过去分词+?Have you known her since your childhood ?你从
5、童年就认识她吗?Yes ,I have.是的。No ,I haven't.不。5) 过去完成时的一般疑问句:句型:Had +主语+动词的过去分词+?Had he learned about two thousand English words before he came here ?他来这里以前就已经学了大约两千个单词了吗?Yes ,he had.是的。No ,he hadn't.不。2 特殊疑问句(用疑问词引导的疑问句叫做特殊疑问句。回答特殊疑问句时不能用yes 或no 。):疑问代词:what(什么) ,who(谁-) ,Which(那个) ,whose(谁的) ,who
6、m(谁)疑问副词:when(什么时候) ,where(哪里) ,why(为什么) ,how(怎样)疑问形容词:what (which ,whose )+名词1 疑问代词的用法1)what 引导的疑问句a. 对主语提问What is in your pocket ?你口袋里有什么?a :There is an egg in it. 在口袋里有一个蛋。b :An egg is (in it ).一个蛋(在里面)。What's in the room ?屋子里有什么?There are a lot of chairs in it.=A 1ot of chairs are in it.有许多椅
7、子。注意:回答此句型的问题时,答句的单复数根据实际情况而定。b.对宾语提问What did you buy ?你买了什么?I bought a bike.我买了辆自行车。c.对表语提问What is this?这是什么?It's a bench.这是一条长凳。What is your mother ?你妈妈是干什么的? She is a teacher.她是个老师。Who ,whom ,whose 引导的疑问句Who broke the window ?(对主语提问)谁打破了窗户?Li Ming did.李明打破的。Who is that woman ?(对表语提问)那个女人是谁?Sh
8、e is my mother.她是我妈妈。(关系)或者:She is Rose.她是罗思。(姓名)Whose is this umbrella ?这伞是谁的?This umbrella is my sister's.这伞是我姐姐的。Which is Tom's ?(对主语提问)哪个是汤姆的?This is his.这是他的。Which does he want ?(对宾语提问)他想要哪一个?He wants the green one.他想要那个绿色的。 2 疑问形容词的用法What sports do you like ?(对宾语提问)你喜欢什么运动?I like baske
9、tball.我喜欢篮球。Whose pens are these ?(对表语提问)这些是谁的钢笔?They are Li Ming's.这些是李明的。Which picture did you take ?(对宾语提问)哪一张照片是你拍的?I took the one on the right.右边的那一张是我拍的。3 疑问副词的用法:句型:疑问副词+一般疑问句的语序?(疑问副词在句中作状语,所以它们不可能对主语提问)1)when 引导的疑问句:询问时间When were you born ?你何时出生?(I was born )on June 5 ,1962.我是1962 年6 月5
10、 日出生的。How long have you been here ?你呆在这里有多久了?When did you come here ?你什么时候来这里的?2)where 引导的疑问句:询问地点、场所Where do you live ?你住在哪儿?(I live in )Beijing.(可以简略回答出地点)我住在北京。Where are you going ?你准备去什么地方?I am going to Japan.我准备去日本。3)why 引导的疑问句:询问原因,它的回答只能用because 引导的原因状语从句。Why are you late ?你为什么迟到?Because I me
11、t the accident.因为我遇上车祸了。Why didn't you see the movie ?=Why did you not see the movie ?你为什么不去看那部电影?Because I had seen it before.因为我已经看过了。4)how 引导的疑问句:可分为两类How do you go to school ?(问方式)I go to school by bus.我坐公共汽车。How are you ?(问健康)你身体怎样?I'm fine. Thank you !我很好。谢谢你。How is the weather today ?
12、(问天气)今天天气如何?It's cloudy.今天多云。How many sisters do you have ?你有多少姐妹?How much多少(不可数名词)How much is the book ?这本书多少钱?How old多大(岁数)How old are you ?你有多大年纪?How tall多高(人、树)How tall is that tree ?那棵树有多高?多少时间(多久)How long will you stay here ?你将停留这里多久?How long 多长(长度)How long is the rope ?这绳子多长?How often多久(频
13、率)How often do you visit here ?你多久来拜访这里?How soon多快(时间)How soon will he be back ?他多久会回来?How far多远(距离)How far is it from A to B ?从A 到B 有多远?How high多高(山)How high is Mt.Fuji ?富士山有多高?3 选择疑问句(提出两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种情况回答,这种问句叫做选择疑问句,选择疑问句的两种或两种以上的情况用or 连接,回答时不能用yes 或no ,语调一般是第一种选择用升调,最后一种选择用降调。选择疑问句可以分为一般选择疑
14、问句和特殊选择疑问句两种。)1) 一般选择疑问句:句型:一般疑问句+or +被选择的情况?Are you a teacher or a student ?你是个老师还是个学生?I'm a student.我是个学生。Did you work out the math problem in this way or (in )that way ?你用这种方法还是用那种方法把这道数学题算出来的?I did it in that way.我用那种方法算出来的。2) 特殊选择疑问句:句型:特殊疑问句,A or B ?Which is bigger ,Beijing or New York ?哪个
15、城市大些,北京还是纽约?Beijing is.北京。When will he leave for London ,today or tomorrow ?他何时动身去伦敦,今天还是明天?Tomorrow.明天。4 反意疑问句:在陈述句之后加上一个意思与之相反的简短问句,这种句子叫做反意疑问句。反意疑问句必须由意思相反的两部分组成,在前一部分(陈述句)之后用逗号,后一部分(简短问句)之后用问号。反意疑问句的否定句必须用缩略形成,同时它的主语必须用人称代词,不能用名词。前一部分用降调,后一部分在表示疑问时用升调,在表示强调某意思时用降调。反意疑问句分为两类:1) 陈述句(肯定式),+疑问部分(否定式
16、)?be 动词和一般动词(实义动词)构成的反意疑问句现在,isn't (aren't )+主语?过去,wasn't (weren't )+主语?一般动词句型:现在,don't (doesn't )+主语?过去,didn't +主语?The pen is yours ,isn't it ?这笔是你的,不是吗?Lucy likes English ,doesn't she ?路希喜欢英语,不是吗?Yes ,she does.是的,她喜欢。No ,she doesn't.不,她不喜欢。That was a wonderf
17、ul night ,wasn't it ?那是个奇妙的夜晚,不是吗?Yes ,it was.是的,它是。No ,it wasn't.不,它不是。Your sister helped him ,didn't she ?你姐姐帮助了他,不是吗?Yes ,she did.是的。她帮助他。No ,she didn't.不。她没有帮助他。Tom is skating ,isn't he ?(进行时)汤姆在滑冰,不是吗?Yes ,he is.是的。No ,he isn't.不。She is loved by her parents ,isn't sh
18、e ?(被动语态)她被她父母亲疼爱着,不是吗?Yes ,she is.是的。No ,she isn't.不。情态动词的反意疑问句句型:(陈述句),情态动词的简短否定式+主语(疑问部分)?Your brother can swim ,can't he ?你哥哥会游泳,不是吗?Yes ,he can.是的No ,he can't.不。We have to finish it ,don't We ?我们不得不完成它,不是吗?Yes ,we do.是的。No ,we don't.不。The workers had to take the first bus ,d
19、idn't they ?工人们不得不上头班车,不是吗?Yes ,they did.是的。No ,they didn't.不。完成时的反意疑问句句型:(陈述句),has (have )not+主语?Tom has lived here for many years ,hasn't he ?汤姆已经在这儿住了许多年了,不是吗?Yes ,he has.是。No ,he hasn't.不。You have seen the film ,haven't you ?你看过了这部电影,不是吗?Yes ,I have.是。No ,I haven't.不。:He
20、has a lot of books ,hasn't he ?=He has a lot of books ,doesn't he ?他有许多书,不是吗?当“have ”表示其他含义时,例如表“经历”、“吃”、“开会”时,只用do 来表示。The students have a meeting once a week ,don't they ?学生们一周开一次会,不是吗?His mother has her lunch at the factory ,doesn't she ?他妈妈在工厂吃午饭,不是吗?2) 陈述句(否定式),+疑问部分(肯定式)?这种反意疑问
21、句的结构和第一部分一样,只不过颠倒一下肯定句和否定句的位置。这部分的难点在于回答,回答和汉语习惯不同。在这种问句中,先不要管yes 和no ,按实际情况,如果答语是肯定式的,就要用yes +肯定结构,如果答语是否定的,就要用No +否定结构。You aren't a teacher ,are you ?你不是老师,是吗?Yes ,I am.不,我是。No ,I am not (a teacher ).是的,我不是。注意回答时,根据实际情况,“我”不是老师,按汉语的规则就要答“是的,我不是老师”。如果你按此写成英语则成了:Yes ,I'm not.(×),但在英语中是个
22、大错。按英语的规则,实际上是“我不是老师”。那么答语就应是No ,I am not a teacher ,而中文则是“是的,我不是老师。”You don't study Chinese ,do you ?你们不学中文,是吗?Yes ,we do.不,我们学中文。They haven't been to the Great Wall ,have they ?他们没去长城,是吗?Yes ,they have.不,他们去过。No ,they haven't.是的,他们没去过。Your classmates didn't have a good time last su
23、mmer ,did they ?你的同学们去年暑假没过好,是吗?Yes ,they did.不,他们过得很好。No ,they didn't.是的,他们过得不好。3) 其他类型的反意疑问句1.祈使句的反意疑问句a.在肯定的祈使句后,为了使祈使句听起来比较婉转、客气可加一个简短的问句,如:will you ?would you ?won't you ?can you ?could you ?can't you ?最常用的是will you ?或won't you ?Speak louder ,will you ?请大声点儿,好吗?Open the window ,
24、will you ?请打开窗子,好吗?在否定的祈使句后,只能用will you ?Don't wait for me ,will you ?请别等我,好吗?Don't be late ,will you ?别迟到,行吗?Give me a hand ,won't you ?请帮我一下,好吗?b.在Let's 祈使句后加上shall we ?或shan't we ?,在Let us (me ,him )后加上will you ?或won't you ?Let's go ,shall we ?咱们走吧,好吗?Let's have a
25、cup of tea ,shall we ?我们去喝杯茶,好吗?Let her play the piano ,will you ?让她弹钢琴吧,(您说)行吗?Let me sing a song for you ,will you ?让我为你唱一首歌,好吗?注意像dislike ,hate 这样的词,虽然意思是不喜欢、讨厌、否定的,但仍按肯定句来处理。You dislike English ,don't you ?你不喜欢英语,是吗?Yes ,I do.是的,我不喜欢。No ,I don't.不,我喜欢。2.陈述部分如果有表示否定意思的某些词,如:never ,seldom
26、,hardly ,few ,little ,nobody ,no one ,nothing ,neither ,疑问部分须用肯定式。He never watches TV ,does he ?他从不看电视,是吗?Yes ,he does.不,他看。No ,he doesn't.是的,他不看。No one can help me ,can he (they )?没有人能帮助我,是吗?Yes ,he (they )can.不,有人会帮你。No ,he (they )can't.是的,没人会帮你。Very few people understand what he said ,do
27、they ?很少人听得懂他说的话,是吗?Yes ,they do.不,很多人听得懂。No ,they don't.是的,很少人听得懂。3.陈述部分是there + be 结构时,疑问部分用there ,省略主语代词。There is something wrong with the radio ,isn't there ?收音机出毛病了,是吗?There won't be any meetings next week ,willthere ?下周什么会也没有,是吗?There is a post office near your house ,isn't the
28、re ?在你家附近有一个邮局,是吗?4.陈述部分如果有 everything ,nothing 表示事物的词作主语时,疑问部分的主语用it ,陈述部分如果有everyone ,no one ,someone 表示人的不定代词作主语时,疑问部分常用they (有时也用he )。Everything here is dirty ,isn't it ?这儿的所有东西都脏,不是吗?Everybody knows the answer. Don't they ?任何一个人都知道答案,不是吗?5.陈述部分是含有宾语从语的主从复合句时,疑问部分中的动词和主语代词应和主句中的动词和主语保持一致
29、。但是,如果陈述部分是“I don t think (believe ,)+宾语从句”时,疑问部分中的动词和主语应和宾语从句中的动词和主语保持一致,并且要用肯定形式。You told them he wouldn't come ,didn't you ?你告诉他们,他不来了,是吗?He never said he was a good student ,did he ?他从没说过他是个好学生,不是吗?I don t think you are right ,are you ?我认为你不对,不是吗?I don t believe he studies harder ,does h
30、e? does he?我相信他不会努力学习的,会吗?Practice 实力测验一、按要求改变句型1 LiMing did some shopping yesterday.(改为一般疑问句)2 We have a walk after supper everyday. (改为一般疑问句)3 You will join the army in two months.(反意疑问句)4 He likes neither apples nor pears.(反意疑问句)5 There are some good books for you.(反意疑问句)6 They have been there twice.(反意疑问句)7 Let's do it now.(反意疑问句)8 You dislike this kind of books.(反意疑问句)9 He doesn't go to school by bus.(反意疑问句)10 Be quiet.(反意疑问句)二、对划线部分提问1 Mr. Jankins is Mabel's husband.2 Dad will take me to our hometown.3 It was cloud that day.4 Peter rides his
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