Redhat 6.5基于网络安装服务器配置

1、概述本文以Redhat6.5为基础，通过配置网络安装服务器，实现Redhat Linux的网络安装。主要用到的软件（服务）有DHCP,TFTP,NFS,Kickstart等。本文只列出具体步骤，不含原理说明。1. 基础配置1.1 更改IP地址rootlocalhost # vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0rootlocalhost # cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0HWADDR=08:00:27:53:44:fbTYPE=EthernetUUID=82af

2、feef-922e-40b2-b89f-a5df8e9fa236ONBOOT=yesNM_CONTROLLED=yesBOOTPROTO=noneIPADDR=0NETMASK=GATEWAY=IPV6INIT=noUSERCTL=norootlocalhost # ifup eth0Active connection state: activatedActive connection path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/11.2 更改hostnmer

3、ootlocalhost # vi /etc/sysconfig/networkrootredhatnis # cat /etc/sysconfig/networkNETWORKING=yesHOSTNAME=redhatnisrootlocalhost # vi /etc/hostsrootlocalhost # cat /etc/hosts localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4:1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 local

4、host6.localdomain60 redhatnis1.3 关闭SELINUX及防火墙（iptables）rootlocalhost # vi /etc/selinux/configrootredhatnis # cat /etc/selinux/config |grep disa#disabled - SELinux is fully disabled.SELINUX=disabledrootlocalhost # chkconfig |grep iptaiptables 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:offrootlocalhost #

5、 chkconfig -level 2345 iptables offrootlocalhost # shutdown -ry 02. 软件安装122.1 挂载安装光盘rootredhatnis # mount /dev/sr0 /mntmount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-onlyrootredhatnis # df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_root 20G 6.2G 12G 35% /tmpfs

6、 940M 72K 940M 1% /dev/shm/dev/sda1 485M 39M 421M 9% /boot/dev/sr0 3.6G 3.6G 0 100% /mnt2.2 配置YUM源rootredhatnis # cd /etc/yum.repos.drootredhatnis yum.repos.d# vi installmedia.reporootredhatnis yum.repos.d# cat installmedia.repo InstallMedianame=Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.5baseurl=file:/mnt/Serveren

7、abled=1gpgcheck=0rootredhatnis yum.repos.d# yum listLoaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-managerThis system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.InstallMedia | 3.9 kB 00:00 . Installed PackagesConsoleKit.

8、x86_64 0.4.1-3.el6 anaconda-RedHatEnterpriseLinux-201311111358.x86_64/6.52.3 安装所需软件rootredhatnis # yum install -y -q xinetd tftp tftp-server ftp vsftpd dhcp nfs-utilsThis system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.3. 配置DHCP Serverrootred

9、hatnis # cd /etc/dhcprootredhatnis dhcp# vi dhcpd.conf rootredhatnis dhcp# cat dhcpd.conf # DHCP Server Configuration file.# see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample# see 'man 5 dhcpd.conf'#allow booting;allow bootp;#Boot 所需文件filename "pxelinux.0"#TFTP服务器IP next-server 192.168.7.

10、30; subnet netmask option subnet-mask ;#IP地址范围range 1 00; default-lease-time 21600;max-lease-time 43200;rootredhatnis dhcp# service dhcpd startStarting dhcpd: OK rootredhatnis dhcp# chkconfig -level 345 dhcpd onrootredhatnis dhcp# chkconfig

11、 |grep dhcpddhcpd 0:off1:off2:off3:on4:on5:on6:off4. 通过FTP（vsftpd）方式上传ISO镜像rootredhatnis # cd /etc/vsftpd/rootredhatnis vsftpd# vi ftpusersrootredhatnis vsftpd# cat ftpusers |grep root#rootrootredhatnis vsftpd# vi user_listrootredhatnis vsftpd# cat user_list |grep root#rootrootredhatnis # service vs

12、ftpd startStarting vsftpd for vsftpd: OK rootredhatnis # chkconfig -level 345 vsftpd on此处上传ISO镜像rootredhatnis # ll /tmp |grep iso-rw-r-r- 1 root root 3853516800 Feb 16 08:40 rhel-server-6.5-x86_64-dvd.iso5. 配置NFSrootredhatnis # mkdir /isorootredhatnis # mv /tmp/rhel-server-6.5-x86_64-dvd.iso /isoroo

13、tredhatnis # vi /etc/exports rootredhatnis # cat /etc/exports /iso *(ro)/mnt *(ro)rootredhatnis # service rpcbind statusrpcbind (pid 931) is running.rootredhatnis # service rpcidmapd statusrpc.idmapd (pid 1435) is running.rootredhatnis # service nfs startStarting NFS services: OK Starting NFS quotas

14、: OK Starting NFS mountd: OK Starting NFS daemon: OK Starting RPC idmapd: OK rootredhatnis # showmount -eExport list for redhatnis:/mnt */iso *rootredhatnis # chkconfig -level 345 nfs onrootredhatnis # chkconfig |grep nfsnfs 0:off1:off2:off3:on4:on5:on6:off6. 配置TFTP Serverrootredhatnis # mkdir /tftp

15、bootrootredhatnis # vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftprootredhatnis # cat /etc/xinetd.d/tftp# default: off# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer #protocol. The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless #workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers,

16、#and to start the installation process for some operating systems.service tftpsocket_type= dgramprotocol= udpwait= yesuser= rootserver= /usr/sbin/in.tftpdserver_args= -s /tftpbootdisable= noper_source= 11cps= 100 2flags= IPv47. 复制相关文件rootredhatnis # mount -t iso9660 -o loop,ro /iso/rhel-server-6.5-x

17、86_64-dvd.iso /mntrootredhatnis # cp -pr /mnt/images /isorootredhatnis # cp -pr /mnt/Packages/syslinux-4.02-8.el6.x86_64.rpm /isorootredhatnis # ll /isototal 3764068dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Nov 12 2013 images-rw-r-r- 1 root root 3853516800 Feb 16 14:10 rhel-server-6.5-x86_64-dvd.iso-r-r-r- 1 root

18、 root 879224 Jan 4 2013 syslinux-4.02-8.el6.x86_64.rpm rootredhatnis # ll /iso/images/total 185548-r-r-r- 1 root root 380928 Nov 12 2013 efiboot.img-r-r-r- 1 root root 37976064 Nov 12 2013 efidisk.img-r-r-r- 1 root root 145731584 Nov 12 2013 install.img-r-r-r- 1 root root 5898240 Nov 12 2013 product

19、.imgrootredhatnis # cd /isorootredhatnis iso# rpm2cpio syslinux-4.02-8.el6.x86_64.rpm |cpio -dimvrootredhatnis iso# lsimages rhel-server-6.5-x86_64-dvd.iso syslinux-4.02-8.el6.x86_64.rpm usrrootredhatnis iso# cp ./usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /tftpbootrootredhatnis iso# cp ./images/pxeboot/vmlinuz,

20、initrd.img /tftpbootrootredhatnis iso# cd /tftpboot/rootredhatnis tftpboot# cp /boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz ./8. 创建default文件rootredhatnis tftpboot# mkdir pxelinux.cfgrootredhatnis tftpboot# cd pxelinux.cfgrootredhatnis pxelinux.cfg# cp /mnt/isolinux/isolinux.cfg ./defaultrootredhatnis pxelinux.cfg# vi d

21、efaultrootredhatnis pxelinux.cfg# cat default default linuxprompt 1timeout 60menu background splash.jpgmenu title Welcome to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.5!menu color border 0 #ffffffff #00000000menu color sel 7 #ffffffff #ff000000menu color title 0 #ffffffff #00000000menu color tabmsg 0 #ffffffff #00

22、000000menu color unsel 0 #ffffffff #00000000menu color hotsel 0 #ff000000 #ffffffffmenu color hotkey 7 #ffffffff #ff000000menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #00000000label linux menu label Install or upgrade an existing system menu default kernel vmlinuz append ks=nfs:0:/iso/ks.cfg initrd=i

23、nitrd.imglabel vesa menu label Install system with basic video driver kernel vmlinuz append initrd=initrd.img xdriver=vesa nomodesetlabel rescue menu label Rescue installed system kernel vmlinuz append initrd=initrd.img rescuelabel local menu label Boot from local drive localboot 0xfffflabel memtest

24、86 menu label Memory test kernel memtest append -rootredhatnis pxelinux.cfg# cd .rootredhatnis tftpboot# lltotal 36676-r-r-r- 1 root root 33383449 Feb 16 15:07 initrd.img-rw-r-r- 1 root root 26828 Feb 16 14:59 pxelinux.0drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 16 15:04 pxelinux.cfg-rw-r-r- 1 root root 1341 F

25、eb 16 15:06 splash.xpm.gz-r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 4128944 Feb 16 15:07 vmlinuz9. 创建Kickstart 配置文件系统安装完后会在/root下生产anaconda-ks.cfg文件，也可以通过Kickstart Configurator软件来配置生成该文件。rootredhatnis iso# vi ks.cfgrootredhatnis iso# cat ks.cfg#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T#version=DEVEL# Firewall configurationfi

26、rewall -disabled# Install OS instead of upgradeinstall# Use NFS installation medianfs -server=0 -dir=/iso# Root passwordrootpw -iscrypted $1$vL3kPJ85$zV/nWDQ1ZGuxLQCXQJgiR/# System authorization informationauth -useshadow -passalgo=sha512# Use text mode installtextfirstboot -disable# System keyboardkeyboard us# System languagelang en_US# SELinux configurationselinux -disabled# Installati