人教版英语八年级下册重点语法复习与练习

1、一、 重点语法（一）一般将来时 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表将来的时间连用。 本时态标志词：1.含tomorrow; next week/month/year; in the future; in 2020；+一段时间 ；soon；4.祈使句句型中：or/and sb. will do5.在时间/条件状语从句中,如果从句用一般现在时,主句用将来时 表示将来时的常见句式：1.用be doing表示将来：主要是表示按计划，安排即将发生的动作，常用于 位置移动的动词；如come ,go,leave, arrive, fly, move, start,等，也可以用其他动词。Im doing

2、my homework tomorrow.going to表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情。如：He is going to write a letter tonight.going to表示 已有迹象表明即将发生的某种情况。Look at the clouds. Its going to rain.4.在有条件从句的主句中，多用will,如：例Be quick, or you will be late. =If you dont be quick, you willbe late.练习( ) 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A. will be g

3、oing to B. will going to be C.is going to be D. will go to be( ) 2. Charlie _ here next month.A. isnt workingB. doesnt workingC. isnt going to workingD. wont work( ) 3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week.A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be( ) 4. There _ a dolphin s

4、how in the zoo tomorrow evening.A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be()5._you_ free tomorrowNo. I _ free the dayafter tomorrow.B. Are; going to be; willD. Are; going to be; will be me a nicepresent on my next birthday.givesD. give()7.-Shall I buy a cup of tea for you-_ .(不,A. Are

5、; going to; willC. Are; going to; will be() 6. Mother _A. will givesB. will giveC.不要。）A. No, you won t.B. No, you aren t.C. No, please don t.D. No, please.()8.Where is the morning paperI _ it for youat on ce.A. getB. am gett ingC.to getD. will get()9._ a con cert n ext SaturdayA. There will beB. Wil

6、l there be C. There canbeD. There are()10. If they come, we_a meeti ng.A. haveB. will haveC.hadD. would have(二)过去进行时结构：句型主语+ was/were +V- ing否定句主语+ was/were+not +V- ing一般疑问句was/were+主语+V-ing过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或者某段时间正在进行或发生的动作，常和表过去的时间状语连用。标志性词语：1.at that time/moment2.(at) this time yesterday(last night/su

7、nday.)3.at +点钟+Yesterday(last n ight/ Sun day.)4.when , while引导的时间状语从句例:She was doing her homework at 8:30 yesterday evening.昨天傍晚八点半她正在做家庭作业。When I got up this morning, Mother was prepari ng breakfast in the kitche n.今天早上我起床时妈妈正在厨房里准备早餐。练习brother_ while he_ his bicycle and hurt himself.A. fell, was

8、ridi ng B. fell, were ridi ngC. had falle n, rode D. had falle n, was riding2. Tom_into the house whe n no one_.A. slipped, was look ingB. had slipped, lookedC. slipped, had lookedD. was slipp in g, lookedlast time I _ Jane she_ cotton in the fields.A. had see n, was picki ngB. saw, pickedC. had see

9、 n, pickedD. saw, was pick ingdon t think Jim saw me; he_into space.A. just staredB. was just stari ngC. has just staredD. had just staredfirst met Lisa three years ago. Sheat a radio shop at the time.A. has workedB. was workingC. had bee n work ing,look where you are going!-Oh, I m terribly .A. I m

10、 not no tici ngC. I have n t no ticed7. The reporter said that theUFO_east to west when he saw it.A. was traveli ngB. traveledC. had bee n traveli ngD. was to travel8. I_ my breakfast whe n the morni ng post came.A. hadB. had bee n hav ingC. have bee n hav ingD. was hav ingI arrived at his office, h

11、e_on the pho ne.A. was speak ingB. spokeC. had bee n speak ingD. had spoke n10.“What s the matter, Ali You look sad.”“Oh, nothing much. As a matter of fact, I_ of my frie nds backhome.”B. have just bee n thinkingD. have just thought（三）If的用法if引导的条件状语从句。If是连词，所连接的句子叫条件状语从句，表示假设或条件，意思是“如果的话”，用法如下：表示假设，

12、表示将会发生和可能发生的事，或进行提醒警告。句子结构如下：If +句子（一般现在时），+主句（主语will/shall/may/can）+动词原形）（不能用be going to）a. If you finish your homework, you can go out and play.b. If I have eno ugh money n ext year, I will go to travel.注意：宾语从句中的if与条件状语从句中的区别。宾语从句中的if“是否” 相当于whether，引导宾语从句，时态根据句意来确定。I dont know if （是否）it will rain

13、 tomorrow.If（如果）it rains, I will stay at home.我不知道明天是否会下雨。如果下雨，我将呆在家里在。（四）现在完成进行时 表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在，有可能一直延续下去的动作。常与for,sin ce,how Ion g,these days等表示一段时间的状语连用。现在完成进行式结构：D. had workedB. I was n t no ticing D. I don t no ticeA. just thoughtC. was just thi nkingfirst met Lisa three years ago. Sheat a ra

14、dio shop at the time.肯定句：主语+have / has +bee n+ doing/否定句：主语+have / has +n ot+bee n+ doing一般疑问句：Have / Has +主语+been+ doing/1. I have been writing the letter since then.从那时起我一直在写这封信。（动作从过去一直持续到现在还在继续）2. I have been collecting stamps for ten years.自从10年前我就收集邮票了（动作从过去一直现在还在收集）。3. How long have you been

15、living here你在这儿已经住了多长时间了。（“居住”动作从过去一直现在还在继续）现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别：1现在完成进行时比现在完成时更强调动作的延续性：2如果没有时间强调， 现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行， 现在完成时则表 示动作已经结束，3现在完成进行时一般不适用于表状态的动词，而现在完成时则可练习1.Im sure An drew will win the first priz e in the fin al.I thi nkso. He_ for it for mon ths.A. is prepari ngB. was prepari ngC. had bee n p

16、repari ng D. has bee n prepari ng2. By the time he realizes he_ into a trap, itll be too latefor him to do any thi ng about it.A. walksB. walkedC. has walkedD.had walked3. So far this year we_a fall in house prices by betwee n 5 and 10perce nt.A. saw B. see C. had see nD. have see n4. Cathy is takin

17、g notes of the grammatical rules in class at SunshineSchool, where she_En glish for a year.A. studiesB. studiedC. isstudy ingD. has bee n study ing5. Danny_ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.A. worksB. is workingC. has worked D. hadworked6.I have got a headache.No won der. You

18、_ in front of thatcomputer too long.A.workB. are worki ngC. have bee nworki ngD. worked7. The unemployment rate in this district_ from 6%to 5%in the pasttwo years.A. has fallenB. had fallenC. isfalli ngD. was falli ng8. Nowthat she is out of job, Lucy_going back to school，but she hasntdecided yet.A.

19、 had con sideredB. has bee n con sideri ngC. con sideredD. is going to con sider9. _ you_ him around the museum yet(五)反义疑问句反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定， 而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。其结构为：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简单的问句。完成后一部分简单问句时，要根据前面陈述句的动词 时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问，前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分一般用否定式；反之，前一部分为否定

20、式，后一部分要用肯定式，即“前肯定后否定，前否定后肯定”。例You have been to Beijing, havent you你去过北京，是吗1、 当陈述句部分的主语是名词时，反意疑问句的主语必须用人称代词来代替。例Your broth er has gone to the library, hasnt he你弟弟去图书馆了，是吗2、当陈述句的主语是指示代词this, that时， 反意疑问句的主语用it代替；指示代词是these,those时，反意疑问句的主语用they代替。例That isnt a useful book, is it那不是一本有用的书，是吗These are imp

21、ortant reading materials, arent they这些都是重要的阅读材料，是吗3、 当陈述句部分是I am时，反意疑问句部分通常要用arent I;如陈述句 部分的主语是I am not时，反意疑问句部分通常要用am I。Im late for the meeting, arent I我开会迟至U了，是吗4、 当陈述部分是every one / everybody, some one/ somebody, no one / n obody,none等表示人的不定代词时，反意疑问句部分的主语多用they，但也可用he；当陈述部分的主语是everything, anythin

22、g, something, nothing等表 示物的不定代词时，反意疑问句部分的主语用ito例Nobody came when I was out, did they_我在外时，没人来过，是吗Everything has gone wrong today, hasnt it_今天什么都出问题了，是不是5、当陈述部分是“there be +主语+其它”结构时，反意疑问部分要用“be (not) + there”结构。例There are some bananas in the b asket, arent there篮子里有些香蕉， 是吗6.当陈述部分有hardly, seldom, few,

23、 little, no, never, nothing, nobody,no where等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问句部分要用肯定形式。There is little milk in the bottle,is there _He hardly ever plays computer games, does heshownpain tingYes. We had a great time there.A. Have ; show nB. Do ; showD. Did; show10.Hi, Tracy,you look pale.I am tired. I_ the livi ng roo

24、m all day.A. pain tedB. had pain tedD. have pain tedC. Had;C. have been注：如果陈述句部分是带有否定前缀或后缀时，反意疑问句部分仍用否定结构例Its impossible for him to make such a mistake,isntit他不可能犯这样的错误，是吗7.感叹句的反意疑问句一律使用否定式，并用be的一般现在时形式。例What a foolish child (he is), isnt he多傻的孩子啊，不是吗8.在宾语从句中，如果陈述句部分是“I /we think (believe, suppose,i

25、mag ine, expect等)+宾语从句”，反意疑问句部分应与宾语从句的主谓保持一致，并要注意否定转移。例Idontthi nk you have heard of him before, have you我认为你以前没有听说过他，是吗注：当think等这些动词的主语不是第一人称，或主语是第一人称，而动词时态不是一般现在时或一般过去时，这时，反意疑问句的助动词和人称代词要与主句保持一致。He thinks HongK ong is a good place to take a holiday, does nt he9.祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Lets用shall we构成反意疑问句外，其

26、它 均用will you。10.反意疑问句的回答对反意疑问句的回答，无论问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes， 事实是否定的，就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构，反意疑问句 部分用肯定式提问时，回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。例-He likes playing football, doesnt he他喜欢踢足球，是吗-Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.是的。/不是。- His sister didnt attend the meeting, did she他妹妹没有参加会议，是吗- Yes, she did. / No, she didnt.不，她参加了。/是的，她没参加。练习1.You d rather watch TV this eve ning,_A isnt itB. hadn t you C. woildnt youD. won tyou2.I s