10专题十定语从句和名词性从句

1、10 专题十定语从句和名词性从句1. A good friend of mine from I was born showed up at my home rightbefore I left for Beijing(2009 年安徽卷 27 题)A. how B. whom C. when D. which【考点】本题考查when引导的定语从句。【解析】本句主语是a friend, good和 mine 及 from when I was born都做friend的定语。谓语是showed up。at my home作地点状语，before I left forBeijing作时间状语。fr

2、om when I was born是一个含有介词的定语从句，from表示从 , 自 ， when 表示时间，from when I was born意思是从我儿时的（出生时的）。答案选C。【翻译】就在我准备去北京前，我儿时的一位好朋友到我家里来了。【扩展】本题除定语从句外，还出现了from表示“从 ,自 ?表示开始的时刻?”的用法，如：From now on, I will only be working in the mornings.从现在起，我将只在上午工作。另外，还有动词短语leave(left为 leave过去时 ) for表示“前往”。如 I m going to leave f

3、or Shanghai at 7:00 by train thisevening. 我将乘晚上 7 点火车去上海。【脱口而出】a good friend of An old friend of my fathers, who lives in German,is afamous engineer.我父亲一位老朋友是著名的工程师，住在德国。from From the moment he saw her, he loved her.他对她一见钟情。leave for She will leave from China for Austria to learn music nextyear.她明年将

4、离开中国去奥地利学音乐。2. Many children，parents are away working in big cities，are takengood care of in the village(2009年安徽卷30 题）Atheir Bwhose Cof them D with whom1【考点】本题考查关系代词whose 引导的定语从句。【解析】 whose parents are away working in big cities是非限制性定语从句，对先行词 children起解释说明的作用，前后用逗号隔开。whose 是关系代词，既起连接作用，又做 parents 的定

5、语。把该从句抽出来，Many children are takengood care of in the village.是一个被动语态的简单句。答案选B。【翻译】许多父母远在大城市外出打工的孩子在村里得到很好的照顾。【扩展】本句还出现了take good care of的被动用法take care of“照管，管理”这是常用的动词短语。例句：Who will take care of the dog while we areaway?我们外出时，谁来负责照看这条狗呢？【脱口而出】be taken care of Dont worry about your children they will

6、 betaken goodcare of.不用为你的孩子们担心了, 他们会得到很好的照顾。whose A personwhose e- mail account is full won t be able to send or receive any e-mails.（如果）一个人的邮箱账户满了就不能再收、发邮件。3. -What do you think of teaching, Bob?（ 2009 年北京卷 26 题）- I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something seriousbut inte

7、resting.A. where B. which C. when D. that【考点】本题考查由where 引导的定语从句。【解析】本题先行词是job是一表示抽象地点的名词，关系副词where 起连接作用，且在定语从句中作状语。point, case, stage, job, situation等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，常用用关系副词where 来引导定语从句。类似的句子：I mlooking for a new job, one where I get a bit more job satisfaction.我正在寻找一份新工作，一份从其中可以得到更大满足感的职业。【翻译】“你认

8、为教学怎么样？”“我觉得教学既有趣又有挑战性，是一个在其中你需要认真对待但令人感兴趣的职业。”【扩展】本句还考查了something serious but interesting当形容词修饰不定代词2something, anything, nothing等时，要放在不定代词之后。例如: Hasanything exciting happened in your hometown?你家乡有什么令人激动的事情发生吗？【脱口而出】think of What do you think of the weather in Australia?你认为澳大利亚的天气怎么样？be taken care o

9、f Dont worry about your children they will betaken goodcare of.不用为你的孩子们担心了, 他们会得到很好的照顾。something I mlooking for something different.我在找一件与众不同的东西。find My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.我弟弟从没去过国外，一次发现这次旅行非常令人激动。4. She brought with her three friends, none

10、 of I had ever met before.（ 2009 年海南卷 28 题）A. them B. who C. whom D. these【考点】本题考查由whom引导的非限制性定语从句。【解析】句中由逗号隔开，说明是非限制性定语从句，用在介词of 后表示部分且指人，只能用whom（宾格形式）引导。答案是C。类似的表达：Mrs. Brownhas three children, all of whom are now at college.布朗太太有三个孩子，现在都上大学。【翻译】她带了她的三位朋友，我以前没见过其中任何一位。【扩展】本句还考查了 none of “（一组两个以上中）

11、没有任何一个”,可指人亦可指物，例如： None of my friends ever come(s) to see me.没有一个朋友来看我。None of their promises have been kept.他们的诺言一个也没有信守。【脱口而出】none of -Whos that letter from?-Its none of your business.- 谁来的信？-跟你不相干。whom Tom is the only person for whom I have the greatest respect.3Tom是唯一让我非常尊敬的人。5. My friend showe

12、d me round the town, was very kind of him.（ 2009年全国卷 ?17 题）。A. which B. that C. where D. it【考点】本题考查由which 引导的非限制性定语从句。【解析】从句前由逗号隔开，只能是非限制性定语从句，which 指代前面整个句子。主句是一个简单句。类似的句子：Theyve won their last threematches, whichI find a bit surprising.（2009 年辽宁卷 23 题）他们赢得了最后三场比赛的胜利，这一点我感觉有些吃惊。答案是A。【翻译】我朋友带我参观了这座城

13、镇，这真是太好了。【扩展】本句还考查了showround “带（某人）四处参观”The guide willshow you round the museum.导游将带你们参观博物馆。be very kind of也是常用短语。【脱口而出】showround I ll send someone to show you around.我会派人带你四处逛逛。be very kind of Its very kind of you to help me with my English.你帮助我学英语真是太好了。6. The house I grew up _ has been taken down

14、and replaced by an officebuilding.（2009 年江西卷26 题）A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which【考点】本题考查含有介词的定语从句。【解析】本句主语是the house，后跟一定语从句（which ） I grow up in,谓语是两个并列的现在完成时的被动语态。定语从句前省略了引导词which, which在从句中作介词in的宾语，which引导的定语从句只能放在从句之首。答案是B。 【翻译】我从小在那儿长大的那座房子被拆了，代之以一栋办公楼。【扩展】本句还考查了动词短语grow up “长大成人” , take

15、down“拆毁” , replaceby“更换，替换”及现在完成时的被动语态。4【脱口而出】grow up I grew up in a village in Northeast China.我是在中国东北的一个农村长大的。take down Well have to take thehouse down because it is too old.这房子太老了，我们将必须将它拆掉。 replaced by We ve replaced the old camera with/by a new digital one.我们用新的数码相机更换了旧的相机。7. I travel to the Bi

16、nhai New Area by light railway every day, _ do manybusinessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.（ 2009 年天津卷 14 题）A. as B. which C. when D. though【考点】 as 引导的非限制性定语从句。【解析】 as 和 which 都可以引导分限制性定语从句指代整个主句。as 从句中有“正如，就像”的意思，而which 无此意。类似的句子： That village livesin a lonelyvalley, as many people think.正如许多人想象的那

17、样，那个村庄位于一个偏僻的山谷。另外， as 引导的从句可放于句首，而which 引导的只能放于句末。答案选 A。【翻译】我每天乘坐便捷铁路到滨海新区，就像许多住在天津市商业区的商人一样。【扩展】本句主句是一简单句，从句当中还有一定语从句who live indowntown Tianjin做 businessmen 的定语。 as 放在句首引导定语从句很常用。如： As was natural, my father retired when he was sixty.我父亲六十岁时退休了，这是很自然的事。【脱口而出】as is known to us all As is known to u

18、s all, the earth moves around the sun.众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。8. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ _ consumercomplaints have resulted in changes in the law.（2008 年江西卷35 题）5A. where B. when C. who D. which【考点】 where 引导的定语从句。【解析】该句的先行词是cases，定语从句被will be introduced toreaders 隔开， where c

19、onsumer complaints是 cases 定语从句，当point, case,stage, job, situation等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，用关系副词引导定语从句。关系副词where 在定语从句中做状语。 cases 同时做 haveresulted in changes in the law的主语。该句结构较复杂，如分析清楚将发现定语从句部分并不复杂。答案是A。【翻译】在这章后面将把由消费者投诉导致法律方面的改变的案例介绍给读者。 【扩展】本句中还考查了将来时的被动语态和常用动词短语“resulti n”“导致，造成”。例句：Stress and

20、 tiredness often result in a lack ofconcentration.紧张和疲劳常使人精神不集中。“introduce to ”“介绍，引见”， I introduced John to Mary last year, and now they re married. 我去年介绍 John 和 Mary 认识，现在他们结婚了。【脱口而出】introduce Let me introduce myself, my name is Mary.自我介绍一下，我叫Mary。result in The accident resulted in the death of tw

21、o passengers.这起事故导致两名乘客丧生。9. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _ NewYork is an example.(2008年四川卷 4 题)A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which【考点】含有“介词 +关系代词”的定语从句。【解析】介词 of 表示“其中”， which 先行词是 many cities。答案为 C。【翻译】世界上许多城市已没有地方进一步扩延，其中纽约就是一个例子。【扩展】本句中还考查了

22、there is no room to“没有地方 , ”和常用动词短语“spread out ”“（使）扩延，（使）广布”，例句：The news of plane crashsoon spread out widely.飞机失事的消息很快就广泛地传开了。6【脱口而出】there is no room to There is hardly room to breathe in here.这儿挤的都没有喘气的地方了。 spread out In the past five years, Beijing City has spread out rapidly in alldirections.在过

23、去五年里，北京市向四面八方迅速的扩展。10. At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _it got any better.（2009 年北京卷 31 题）A. when B. how C. why D. if【考点】 if引导的宾语从句。【解析】本句主句是两个并列句，由but 连接。 if引导的从句做see 的宾语。if表示“是否”。答案选D。【解析】开始时他讨厌这份新工作，但决定给自己几个月的时间看看是否会好转。【扩展】本句中还考查了but 连接的并列句 ,和动词不定式 de

24、cide to, givesb some time to。例句： After a long time of thinking, he decided to goabroad to learn music.经过长时间思考，他决定到国外学音乐。Give him enough time to get homebeforeyou telephone.等他到了家，你再打电话给他。【脱口而出】but He is very old but he is in good health.他年纪很大，但很健康。give sb some timeto I ll give you 24 hours to make a

25、decision.我给你 24 小时的时间做决定。decided to We couldnt decide which oneto buy.我们不能决定买哪一个。He decided to get married.他决定结婚。11. She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save herlife.(2009 年湖南卷 28 题 )A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever7【考点】宾语从句的引导词。【解析】 do 后为宾语从句，引导词whatever （无

26、论如何）同时又做从句中takes （需要）的宾语， to save her life是从句中真正的主语， it是形式主语。类似的句式： It took ten men to break the door down.用十个人才把那扇门拆掉。答案： C。 【翻译】她对我们非常珍贵，我们要不惜一切代价挽救她的生命。【扩展】本句还考查了be prepared to do sth“愿意做某事”的用法。例句：I m not prepared to listen to all your weak excuse.我不愿意听你说这些站不住脚的借口。save one s life挽救某人的生命The doctor

27、 managed to save thepatient s life.医生设法挽救病人的生命。【脱口而出】be prepared to Im prepared to help you whenever you need.无论何时，我都愿意帮助你。It takesto do sth It takes a lot of courage to do a thing likethat.做那种事得有极大的勇气。12. Many young people in the West are expected to leave could belife' smost important decision

28、 - marriage - almost entirely up to luck.（ 2009 年江苏卷34 题）A. as B. that C. which D. what【考点】宾语从句的引导词。【解析】 what could be lifes most important decision是一宾语从句做动词leave的宾语，同时引导词需在从句中作主语，只能选what。主句主语是many young people 谓语 are expected to是被动语态，后面跟的是动词不定式。答案： D。 【翻译】在西方人们相信许多年轻人把生命中最重要的事情如婚姻交由运气。【扩展】本题还考查了exp

29、ecte to“相信，预料”的用法，例句：Theyare expected to make a decision later on today.预料他们晚些时候会做出决定。 leaveto “把 , 留给”例句： I ll leave it to you to buy thetickets.我将把买票的事留给你去办。【脱口而出】expect to I fully expected to see them they come every year.8我完全相信会看到他们，他们每年都来。leavetoDont leaveanything to chance.办什么事都不要靠运气。up to“Sha

30、ll we go out?”“It s up to you. ”“我们出去好吗？”“那由你决定了”13. The companies are working together to create they hope will bethebest means of transport in the 21st century.（ 2008 年北京卷30 题）A. which B. that C. what D. who【考点】主语从句的引导词。【解析】该句主语是the companies谓语是are working进行时后跟动词不定式 to create, create 后整个是一宾语从句做它的宾

31、语，这一宾语从句中的主语由一个主语从句 what they hope 担当。类似表达： I believe what he told me is true. 我相信他告诉我的是真的。答案： C。【翻译】这些公司正进行合作，努力创造出他们心目中21 世纪最好的交通工具。 【扩展】该题除考查从句外，还考查了means of“方法，手段”；by allmeans“当然，完全可以”；by means of“使用，应用”；by no means “决不”。 means of The quickest means of travel is by plane.最快的交通工具是飞机。by all means“

32、May I borrow your paper?”“ By all means ”“我可以借你的报纸吗？”“完全可以。”by means of We express ourthoughts by means of words.我们用词句来表达思想。by no means It is by no means of certain.完全难以肯定。14. It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future.（ 2009 年天津卷 7 题）A. as B. which C. whether D.

33、that【考点】主语从句。9【解析】该句中it是形式主语， that 引导的从句做真正主语，that在从句中不做句子成分。类似的表达：It was obvious that the pilot could notcontrol his plane.很明显，飞行员控制不了飞机。【翻译】很明显，对于学生来他们应为将来做好充分准备。15. is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place inBeijing. （2008 年福建卷 27 题）A. It B. What C. As D. Which【考点】主语从句。【解

34、析】该句是一主语从句。注意跟as 引导的非限制性定语从句的的区别，比较下面的句子：As is known to us all, the 2012 Olympic Games willtake place inLondon. 众所周知， 2012 年奥运会将在伦敦举行。答案：B。 【翻译】众所周知， 2008 年奥运会将在北京举行。【扩展】该句还考查了动词短语take place“发生，举行”和be knownto “为某人所熟知”。take place The meeting will take place soon.会议即将举行。An accident took place at this

35、cross three years ago.这个十字路口三年前发生过一起交通事故。be known to He is known tothe police.(=as a criminal)他是警察所熟知的罪犯。16. _ was most important to her, she told me, was her family.(2008 年山东卷 23题 )A. It B. This C. What D. As【考点】主语从句。【解析】选项要引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，故选 C。另外， she told me 是一插入语。 important 常构成一个句型 It is importa

36、nt for sb to do sth “对某人来说做某事时重要的”。It is important for sb Its important for people to learn to read.10to do sth人们学习阅读是重要的。17. The little girl who got lost decided to remain _she was and wait for hermother. （2009 年山东卷 28 题）A. where B. what C. how D. who【考点】表语从句。【解析】remain是一系动词，后跟一表语从句，由where 引导，表示地点，

37、且在从句中做表语。另外，该句主语里who got lost是一定语从句，先行词是the little girl。答案： A。【翻译】迷路的小女孩决定停在原地，等她的母亲。【扩展】该句还考查了系动词remain 停留，留下和动词短语wait for等待。【脱口而出】remain She remained at home to look after the children when herhusband went out.丈夫外出时，她留在家里照顾孩子。wait for Dontwait dinner for me; I shall be late.别等我吃饭，我要晚点来。18. The las

38、t time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park. （2008年山东卷 12 题）A. where B. how C. when D. why【考点】表语从句。【解析】本题考查表语从句，先行词是the last time引导词指时间，且在从句中做时间状语。另外，本句主语是the last time, we had great fun是一定语从句，修饰主语。答案：C。【翻译】最后一次玩得很开心是在浏览水上公园的时候。【扩展】本题还考查了动词短语 have great fun 玩得很开心。 【脱口而出】 have great

39、 fun You'll sure to have great fun at the party tonight.你在今晚的晚会上一定会玩得很开心。1119. The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer andwarmer these years.（2009 年江西卷 33 题）A. what B. which C. that D. though【考点】同位语从句。【解析】先行词为the fact,同位语从句是对the fact的解释。答案： C。【翻译】这些年地球变得越来越暖这一事实使许多科学家

40、担忧。【扩展】本题还考查了 worry 使烦恼，使焦虑和动词短语become warmer and warmer 变得越来越暖的用法。例句： The increasingly poor quality of his work isbeginning to worry his teachers.他的功课越来越差，老师因而开始着急起来。 【脱口而出】worry What worries her most is the health of her son.她最担心的是她儿子的健康。become In autumn, the weather in Beijing is becoming cooler

41、and cooler.20. News came from the school office _Wang Lin had been admitted toBeijing University. (2009年 四川卷 7 题 )A. which B. what C. that D. where【考点】同位语从句。【解析】先行词为news，同位语从句是对news的解释、说明。答案： C。【翻译】学校办公室传来王琳被北京大学录取的消息。【扩展】本题还考查了动词短语be admitted to允许入内，被入取。例句：He was admitted to hospital suffering from

42、 burns.他由于烧伤，被送入院治疗。此外， admit （to ）意思是“承认（坏事）”; adm it可以跟动名词，从句，动词不定时做宾补。admit （to ） He admitted his guilt/admitted to themurder.他承认犯了罪/ 谋杀罪。admit +vn He admitted stealing the bicycle.他承认偷了自行车。12admit+(that) He admitted that he had stolen the bicycle.他承认偷了自行车。admit +obj +to The fuel leak is now admi

43、tted to have been the cause of thetrouble.13燃油泄漏被确认是造成这次灾难的原因。在复合句中，由一个句子来修饰某一名词或代词，这个句子就叫定语从句。所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句可以紧跟先行词，如：A personwhose e- mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails. 如果一个人的账户满了就不能再发或收邮件。也可以根据特殊需要而跟先行词分隔，如： There was a lady there who was singing an English song

44、.那儿有一位女士，她在唱一首英文歌。引导词可分为关系代词that ， which ，who（ whom，whose）, as和关系副词where，when，why.它们既起连接作用，又在从句中做状语。1 that的用法1.1 当先行词是不定代词 something, anything, everything, nothing, all, little,few, much, none, all时，常用 that 。I ve forgotten everything (that ) I learn at school.1.2先行词是数词时，只能用that 。He bought two birds

45、yesterday. Now I can see the two that are singing inthe cage.1.3先行词既有人又有物事，只能用that 。He was watching the people and luggage that filled the car.1.4先行词序数词或被序数词修饰或者是最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用 that 。The first English novel that I read was Jane Eyre.David is the tallest boy that I have ever seen in the school.1.5先行

46、词被 only, very, just, last, one of, all, no, little, few,any 等词修饰时，14只能用 that 。The only thing that I need to do is to buy a ticket.现在我唯一需要做的事是买票。1.6如果有两个从句，其中一个用关系代词which,另一个用关系代词that,以避免重复。He bought a new car, which was made in Japan, that I have never seenbefore.他买了一辆日本产的新车，我以前从未见过。1.7当主句是 there be

47、结构，如主语是物，修饰其主语的定语从句用that 。There is a book on the desk that belongs to David.书桌上那本书是大卫的。1.8当 who引导的特殊疑问句中，先行词指人时，用that 。Who is the little girl that is standing under the tree.在树下站着的那位小女孩是谁？1.9当关系代词在定语从句中做表语时，常用that 。She is not the women that she was.她已经不再是以前的那个她了。2 which的用法2.1当关系代词前有介词时The house which I grew up in has been taken down and replaced by anoffi