高考英语阅读理解抓分练习（37）及答案（高考）

1、2014高考英语阅读理解抓分精品练习（37）及答案阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AUntil I was twelve years old, I thought everyone in the world knew about the grinnies, if I thought about the term at all which is unlikely. After all, everyone in my family used the word quite naturally, and we understood each other. So f

2、ar as I knew, it was a word like any other word like bath, or chocolate, or homework. But it was my homework which led to my discovery that grinnies was a word not known outside my family.My last report card had said that I was a “C” student in English, and my parents, both teachers, decided that no

3、 child of theirs would be just an average student of anything. So nightly I spelled words aloud and answered questions about the fine points of grammar. I wrote and rewrote and rewrote every composition until I convinced my mother that I could make no more improvements. And the hard work paid off. O

4、ne day the teacher returned compositions, and there it was a big fat, bright red “A” on the top of my paper. Naturally, I was delighted, but I didnt know I was attracting attention until the teacher spoke sharply, “Helen, what are you doing?”Called suddenly out of my happy thoughts, I said “Oh, Ive

5、got the grinnies!” The teacher and my classmates burst into laughter, and then I understood that grinnies were used inside my family. Other people were not so lucky.And it is really lucky to have the grinnies, an uncontrollable, natural state of great pleasure. Grinnies are shown on the outside by s

6、parkling eyes and a wide, wide smile not just any smile, but one that shows the teeth and stretches the mouth to its limits. A person experiencing the grinnies appears to be all mouth. On the inside grinnies are characterized by a feeling of joyful anxiety. Grinnies usually last just a few seconds,

7、but they can come and go. Sometimes, when life seems just perfect, I have occasional attacks of the grinnies for a whole day.The term originated in my mothers family. Her younger sister, Rose, who had deep dimples (酒窝), often expressed her pleasure with such a grin that the dimples appeared to becom

8、e permanent. When Rose was about four, she started explaining her funny look by saying, “I have the grinnies”. The term caught on, and it has been an important word in our family now for two generations.The occasion doesnt matter. Anything can bring on the grinnies just so long as one feels great de

9、light. When my brother finally rode his bicycle without training wheels from our house to the corner and back, he came home with the grinnies. When I was little, my mothers announcement that we would have homemade ice cream for dessert always gave me the grinnies. My father had the grinnies when I w

10、as chosen to make a speech at the end-of-school-year ceremony. Grinnies can be brought on by a good meal, a sense of pride, a new friend, a telephone call from someone special, an achievement. Or sometimes one gets the grinnies for no reason at all: just a sudden sense of happiness can bring on a ca

11、se. Whatever brings them on, an attack of the grinnies is among lifes greatest pleasures.In fact, now that I look back on the experience, I feel sorry for my seventh-grade teacher. I think its a pity that she didnt know the word grinnies. Its such a useful term for saying, “Im really, really pleased

12、!”1. After the writer was twelve years old, she _.A. thought everyone knew the meaning of “grinnies”B. equaled “grinnies” to bath or chocolate in meaningC. got to know “grinnies” was used only inside her familyD. discovered the word “grinnies” through her mother2. When her English teacher called her

13、 name, the writer was _.A. looking at the big “A” on the top of her paperB. listening to her English teacher attentivelyC. too happy to notice whats happening around herD. busy rewriting and improving her compositions3. According to the writer, the word “grinnies” originates from_. A. her motherB. h

14、er auntC. her brotherD. her father4. The writer feels sorry for her seventh-grade teacher because the teacher_.A. has no pity on her students B. should not have laughed at herC. doesnt have any luck to meet her parentD. has no idea of what “grinnies” is5. What method does the writer use to explain “

15、grinnies”?A. Cause and effect.B. Examples.C. Comparison and contrast.D. Process.参考答案1. C2. C3. B4. D5. B C52013·江苏卷 DMark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel.And he surely deserves additional praise：the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.I say clever b

16、ecause antislavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War.H.B.Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin is only the most famous example.These early stories dealt directly with slavery.With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice i

17、nto tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.Again and again，in the postwar years，Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race.Consider the most controversial, at least today, of Twain's novels, Ad

18、ventures of Huckleberry Finn.Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn，Twain's most widely read tale.Once upon a time, people hated the book because it struck them as rude. Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel “trash and sui

19、table only for the slums(贫民窟)”More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim，the escaped slave，and many occurences of the word nigger.(The term Nigger Jim，for which the novel is often severely criticized，never appears in it.)But the attacks were and are sillyand miss the point

20、.The novel is strongly antislavery.Jim's search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic.As JChadwick has pointed out, the character of Jim was a first in American fictiona recognition that the slave had two personalities, “the voice of survival wit

21、hin a white slave culture and the voice of the individual：Jim, the father and the man.”There is much more.Twain's mystery novel Pudd'nhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day.Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be i

22、nferior(低等的)to whites，especially in intelligence，Twain's tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth.A slave gave birth to her master's baby and，for fear that the child should be sold South, switched him for the master's baby by his wife.The slave's lightskinned child w

23、as taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slaveholding class.The master's wife's baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.The point was difficult to miss：nurture(养育)，not nature，was the key to social status.Th

24、e features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudicemanner of speech，for examplewere, to Twain, indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.Twain's racial tone was not perfect.One is left uneasy，for example，by the lengthy passage in his autobi

25、ography(自传)about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youthmostly with white men performing in blackfaceand his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality.His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice

26、 suggest his keen awareness that they did not.Was Twain a racist？Asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln.If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the “wisdom” of the considered moral judgments of the present，who believed the black man the inferi

27、or of the white, fought and won a war to free him.And Twain, raised in a slave state, briefly a soldier，and inventor of Jim，may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.65How do Twain's novels on sla

28、very differ from Stowe's?ATwain was more willing to deal with racism.BTwain's attack on racism was much less open.CTwain's themes seemed to agree with plots.DTwain was openly concerned with racism.66Recent criticism of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn arose partly from its _Atarget readers

29、 at the bottomBantislavery attitudeCrather impolite languageDfrequent use of “nigger”67What best proves Twain's antislavery stand according to the author?AJim's search for his family was described in detail.BThe slave's voice was first heard in American novels.CJim grew up into a man and

30、 a father in the white culture.DTwain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.68The story of two babies switched mainly indicates that _Aslaves were forced to give up their babies to their mastersBslaves' babies could pick up slaveholders' way of speakingCblacks' social position

31、was shaped by how they were brought upDblacks were born with certain features of prejudice69What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to?AThe attacks.BSlavery and prejudice.CWhite men.DThe shows.70What does the author mainly argue for?ATwain had done more than his contemporary writer

32、s to attack racism.BTwain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln.CTwain's works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.DTwain's works should be read from a historical point of view.【要点综述】 本篇为说明文，谈到马克·吐温的小说是否对奴隶制和偏见进行了反抗，以及它受到不同人士的批评情况。65B推理判断题。由第二段的“Twain planted his att

33、acks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.”可知，马克·吐温把对奴隶制和偏见的攻击融在故事中，隐晦地表达。而早期小说是直接攻击方式(dealt directly with slavery)，因此B项说他的小说对种族主义制度的攻击非常不明显是恰当的。A项文章没有提及；C项与题干无关，答非所问；D项文章没有提及。66D推理判断题。根据关键词Adventures of Huckleberry Finn定位到第三段。由“More recentl

34、y the book has been attacked because of many occurences of the word nigger.”可知答案。A项中的target readers错误，文章没有说到；B项不符合文意；C项中的impolite language范围过广，文章只是说到批评者对nigger一词的出现感到不满。67C细节理解题。由第四段的末句“the character of Jim was a first in American fictiona recognition that the slave had two personalities”可知答案。A项中的in

35、 detail文章没有提及；B项中的The slave's voice与文章的the character of Jim不一致；D项文章没有提及。68C推理判断题。由第六段可知，举这个例子是为了说明奴隶的社会地位是由生活环境决定的，而不是人的自然本性。69D词义猜测题。由画线词所在句的前面一句可知：没有理由认为马克·吐温把这些表演当作表现现实，后句紧接着解释：马克·吐温对奴隶制和偏见的不断攻击说明了他敏锐的意识，而这些是shows所没有表达出来的，可见they应该就是指代shows。70A作者意图题。末段首先提出一个疑问，然后通过论据否定了这个观点，最后总结了一下自己

36、的观点：And Twainmay have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice than any other novelist in the past century，可见作者要反驳的是末段首句所表达的疑问，只有A项符合，其他各项只是对具体例子的说明。Below is a page from The World Almanac（年鉴）and Book of Facts 2008.6. Which park has 365 miles of explored underground passages?A. Arches, UT.

37、B. Cuyahoga Valley, OH.C. Acadia, ME.D. Mammoth Cave, KY. 7. In which year was Channel Islands first authorized as a protection site for sea lions, sea birds and unique plants?A. 1929.B. 1938.C. 1978.D. 1980.8. The worlds tallest trees are found in _.A. Redwood, CAB. Gates of the Arctic, AKC. Canyon

38、lands, UTD. Kings Canyon, CA9. In 1917, the national park Denali was named as _.A. Black Canyon of the GunnisonB. Mount Desert Isl.C. Mt. McKinley National ParkD. Rocky Mountain参考答案6. D7. B8. A9. C Bonus（奖金） culture has become the subject of many studies nowadays. Many people have been angered by th

39、e way some bankers and high officials seem to have been rewarded for failure. Others find the idea of offering many-million-dollar bonuses morally disgusting. But few have asked whether performance-related bonuses really do improve performance. The answer seems so obvious that even to ask the questi

40、on can appear ridiculous. Indeed, in spite of all the complaints about them, financial encouragements continue to be introduced in more and more areas, from healthcare and public services to teaching and universities.So it may come as a shock to many to learn that paying for results can actually mak

41、e people perform badly in many circumstances, and that the more you pay, the worse they perform.No one is arguing that bonuses can help companies and institutions attract and keep the best staff. Nor does anyone argue against the idea that you can encourage people to do specific tasks by linking pay

42、ments to those tasks. Rather, the point is about how to get the best out of people. Do employees really perform better if you promise to pay them more for getting results?There are some obvious reasons why such payments can fail. It has been argued, for instance, that cash bonuses contributed to the

43、 financial crash, because traders had little enthusiasm to make sure that their companies enjoyed long-term survival.Most bonus projects are poorly designed, says Professor Malcolm Higgs. He thinks the reason is that organisations try to keep bonus arrangements simple. Nevertheless, he thinks bonus

44、projects can work as long as they link the interests of individual employees with the long-term goals of a business.Bonuses can also encourage cheating. “Once you start making peoples rewards dependent on outcomes rather than behaviours, the evidence is people will do whatever they can to get those

45、outcomes,” says Professor Edward Deci. “In many cases the high officials simply lied and cheated to make the stock (股票) price go up so they got huge bonuses.”But the work of Deci and others suggests the problem with bonuses runs far deeper than poor design or cheating. In 1971, he asked students to

46、solve puzzles, with some receiving cash prizes for doing well and others getting nothing. Deci found those offered cash were less likely to keep working on puzzles after they had done enough to get paid.These studies suggest that offering rewards can stop people doing things for the pure joy of it.

47、This was the basis for a series of books by Kohn in which he argues that rewarding children, students and workers with grades, scholarships and other “bribes” (贿赂) leads to low-quality work in the long run.Those who believe in the power of bonuses fail to distinguish between inner drive and outside pressure wanting to do something because you like it for itself in contrast to doing something because you want the reward, Kohn says. “Its not just that these two are different, its often that the more you reward peopl