第三讲形容词

1、第三讲 形容词、副词、介词(短语)形容词和副词是历年高考的必考点，是考生做好英语语法填空题和短文改错题必须要掌握的知识。形容词主要用来修饰名词和代词，表示事物或人的性质和特征。副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词甚至是句子。高考对形容词和副词的考查主要体现在以下几方面：1.形容词和副词的基本用法，主要涉及名词、形容词、副词之间的词性转化；2.形容词和副词比较等级的用法；3.易混淆的形容词和副词的用法。(一)语法填空常考点典题感悟(考什么、怎么考)谨记规律(为什么、怎么办)(2016·全国卷)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work

2、, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of greater (great) and less importance.(2014·全国卷)Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is cleaner (clean) than ever.(2014·辽宁高考)The harder (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.He controls

3、 you！(2014·广东高考)After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months earlier (early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.比较级常考查的四种情况：(1)句中含有“than .”结构用比较级。(2)句中虽然没有“than .”结构，但暗含比较的意味，也用比较级。(3)表示“越就越”用“the比较级 ., the比较级.”结构。(4)常放在比较级前面用来修饰

4、比较级的词和短语有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal 及数字、倍数等。I can hardly believe that Betty can speak Chinese as fluently (fluent) as we do.平级比较的两个基本句式：(1)as形容词(副词)原级as .“和一样”。not as/so形容词(副词)原级as .“不如”。(2)as形容词原级a(n)n.as .“和一样”。How beautifully she sings! I have never heard

5、 a better (good) voice.否定词no, not, never等与比较级连用可表示最高级意义。I now turn out to be a great speaker. Looking back, I know the greatest (great) difficulty on our way to success is our fear, overcome it and we will be able to achieve our goals.最高级的一个基本结构：表达在某个范围内“最”，使用“the最高级比较范围”结构。形容词和副词的比较等级典题感悟(考什么、怎么考)常

6、设错点(为什么、怎么办)(2016·全国卷)The teenage years from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life.(2016·四川高考)The dishes that I cooked were Moms favoritest.(2015·陕西高考)My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for

7、help.比较等级的错用(1)比较级与最高级的错用。表示二者比较用比较级；表示三者或三者以上比较用最高级(2)原级与比较级的错用。若句中有than或暗含比较意味用比较级，若没有比较意味或表示同等程度的比较则用原级(3)没有比较等级的形容词和副词absolute(ly)绝对的(地)entire(ly)完全的(地)complete(ly)完整的(地) thorough(ly)彻底的(地)perfect(ly)完美的(地) favorite最喜欢的(2013·全国卷)I remember my grandfather very much.意近引起的错用有些形容词或副词意思相近但不能混用，例

8、如，表示记得很“清楚”，应用clearly/well，而不能用much。(2016·全国卷)However, my parents didnt seem to think such.(2016·浙江高考)When I was a very young child, my father created a regular practice I remember well years late.(2014·辽宁高考)Beside, Cleo tends to bark an average of six hours a day.(2013·四川高考)I fo

9、und the test difficult, but I tried hardly to do it.The industry of France was not yet high developed at that time.形近引起的错用(1)such与so：so是副词，可以放在形容词或副词之前作状语； such是代词或限定词，可用来修饰名词，作定语。(2)late, later, lately：late adj.迟到，近深夜的adv.迟，晚later(也是late的比较级)adj.后来的，以后的adv.后来，以后lately adv.(recently)最近，近来(3)besides与

10、beside：besides作介词，后应接宾语，表示“除之外(还)”；作副词，表示与上文的递进关系，意为“此外”；beside只能作介词，意为“在旁边(或附近)”。(4)意义有别的同根副词close靠近(通常指距离)closely密切地，仔细地hard努力地，费力地 hardly几乎不(5)表示宽、高、深的副词都有两种形式，以­ly结尾的表示抽象意义，与形容词同形的表示具体意义。wide宽地widely广泛地high高地highly高度地 deep深地 deeply深深地(二)短文改错常考点高考对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法及介词与其他词构成的固定短语的用法上。语法填空题对介词

11、的考查形式为纯空格，即没有提示词，这对考生正确理解句意提出了较高的要求。短文改错题对介词的考查主要涉及介词的多余、缺失或误用，其中固定搭配中介词的误用是考查的重点。(一)语法填空常考点1固定搭配中的介词典题感悟(考什么、怎么考)谨记规律(为什么、怎么办)(2016·全国卷)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid­1980s.(2016·全国卷)Most of us are more focused on our tasks in the morning t

12、han we are later in the day.(2015·全国卷)For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better­known city.(2015·全国卷)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; at the

13、same time, they warm up again for the night.(2015·广东高考)He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was left.(2015·湖北高考改编)This meeting room is a non­smoking area. I would like to warn you in advance that i

14、f you smoked here you would be fined.(2014·辽宁高考)OK. Dont laugh at me. I may look funny.(2015·陕西高考改编)The little pupil took his grandma by_the arm and walked her across the street.(2015·重庆高考改编)Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 above the average.(2016

15、·济南一模)Its obvious that the new manager is rich in experience.(2016·福建四地六校联考)My brother likes eating very much but he isnt very particular about the food he eats.介词名词at名词at sea, at work, at lunch, at risk, at table, at rest, at the same timein名词in advance, in case, in charge, in common, in

16、demand, in fact, in order, in progress, in return, in turn, in vainon名词on purpose, on leave, on holiday, on strike, on sale, on guard, on foot, on time, on the contrary, on behalf of, on averageunder名词under observation, under construction, under consideration, under repairout of名词out of breath, out

17、of balance, out of date, out of control, out of touch形容词介词形容词ofbe afraid of, be ashamed of, be aware of, be tired of, be sure of, be fond of, be proud of, be worthy of形容词withbe content with, be familiar with, be pleased with, be popular with, be strict with, be satisfied with 形容词inbe rich in, be int

18、erested in, be successful in, be absorbed in形容词tobe polite to, be kind to, be cruel to, be similar to, be familiar to形容词forbe famous for, be fit for, be eager for, be responsible for形容词aboutbe curious about, be particular about, be enthusiastic about, be anxious about动词介词动词aboutbring about, care abo

19、ut, come about, complain about, know about, think about, worry about 动词atarrive at, call at , glance at, glare at, knock at, laugh at, point at, shoot at, stare at 动词foraccount for, apply for, answer for, arrange for, call for, long for, go for, hope for, compete for, seek for, prepare for, wish for

20、典题感悟(考什么、怎么考)谨记规律(为什么、怎么办)(2016·全国卷)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat with their hands.(2014·陕西高考改编)The Scottish girl with blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.with的主要含义：(1)(表示状态)具有，带有(2)(表示伴随)随着(3)

21、(表示原因)由于，因为(4)(表示关系)和起(5)(表示用途)用(2016·四川高考)The mother continued to care for the young panda for more than two years.for的主要含义：(1)为了(2)代表(3)因为，由于(4)赞成，支持(5)就而言(6)达(表示延续的时间)(2014·北京高考改编)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour.in的主要含义：(1)在(某段时间)之后(2)穿着(表示状态或状

22、况)(3)处于中(4)(表示使用的语言、材料等)用(5)在方面(6)(表示方向)以方向(2016·济宁二模)The young mother whispered something to her children.(2016·承德高三模拟)Wait until the lights change to green before crossing the road.(2016·潍坊高三二模)Her devotion to science was praised and admired by the people all over the country. to的主要

23、含义和用法：(1)(表示方向)朝，向(2)(表示程度)到，达到(3)在某些名词后常跟介词to，如：key, answer, visit, apology, solution, attitude, devotion, entrance等To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is beyond expression in words for me.beyond的主要含义：(1)(表示位置)在另一边，在更远处(2)(表示程度)超出，非所能及Hearing about his idea, some were in favour of

24、 his suggestion, but some others were strongly against it.against的主要含义：(1)(表示态度)反对(2)(表示对比)以为背景(3)(表示方位)倚靠着2.常用介词(二)短文改错常考点典题感悟(考什么、怎么考)常设错点(为什么、怎么办)(2016·全国卷)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.(2016·全国卷)Now I am leaving home to college.(2015·全国

25、卷)Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted.(2014·全国卷)Nearly five years ago, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (圣女果) in our back garden.习惯搭配中介词的错用在习惯搭配中介词的使用是相对固定的，不能随意改动。(2015·全国卷)Tony saw a toy on

26、 a shop window.(2014·全国卷)Therefore, we have more time with after­school activities.介词与名词、动词、形容词搭配不当(2015·陕西高考)My soccer coach retired in last week.(2015·四川高考)Please help with me and give me some advice.介词的多余及物动词后直接跟宾语，无需加介词；last, next后跟名词表时间时无需加介词。(2014·全国卷)We can lie on the

27、 grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music.(2014·四川高考)If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside. 介词的缺失不及物动词后跟宾语时应加相应的介词。基础巩固练习 .单句语法填空形容词和副词的比较等级专练1I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time there are more_meaningful_(meaning

28、ful) things to do.2Are you satisfied with the result of the exam?Not at all. I cant have a worse_(bad) one.3Of the two boys, Jim is the younger (young) one, and he is also the one who loves to be noisy.4Oh, it must have been Dad. Im sure he was in the kitchen earlier (early)5At that time I knew it h

29、ad to be a significant day to them. Nothing could be better (good) if someone offered to help them.6On our way home, the journey was much easier (easy) than before as everyone else fell fast asleep. So, I just took my time and enjoyed the drive.7The more I thought about it, the worse (bad) my mood b

30、ecame.8I sought for it only when I needed it. It occurred to me that I should have paid more (much) attention to it.9Keeping a diary in English is one of the most_effective (effective) ways to improve our English writing ability.10Shortly after that birthday, however, life gave her the toughest (tou

31、gh) challenge of all as age and illness started to take her mind from her too.11The other day my friends and I were eating in the cafeteria and I saw her walking around. When she came closer (close) to us I could see that she was crying.12You are driving too fast. Can you drive a bit more_slowly (sl

32、owly)?13Ten years ago the population of our village was twice as large (large) as that of theirs.14One of the worst (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher, Ms Chen.15Four fifths of the people on the Net believe Chinas economy is among the strongest (strong) in the worl

33、d.介词专练1I am in favour of your suggestion that we should spend more time on this project.2Our office wasnt far from Chinatown, where I found some very good Chinese restaurants. 3White fat stores extra energy, which results in weight gain.4I had to give this speech from my memory and in front of such

34、a big audience! 5How much did he charge you for the service?Luckily, its nothing.6It saves a lot of time in the kitchen to have things you use within easy reach.7The only reason a man would sell salt at a lower price would be because he was desperate for money.8He is no fool at all, and in fact, he

35、is the smartest boy I have ever seen.9I am sorry I didnt finish the task.Never mind. After all, you have tried your best.10Its time for you to change your attitude towards/to women now, Tom. They hold up half the sky, you know.11The villagers collected money to set up a monument in memory of those w

36、ho died in the great earthquake.12Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are for everyones enjoyment.13The manager wants to see changes in the company, and I am sure he will in time.14Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story.15He was a good student and

37、 scored above average in most subjects.16What makes you decide to buy a new house in the town?This town is free from pollution.17A great person is always putting others interests above his own.18The girl in a red dress is my sister, and the red dress looks beautiful on her.19He has got the job becau

38、se he has the advantage over others of knowing many foreign languages.20The purpose of the article is to draw public attention to the problem.21The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.22Why not talk with your parents about your willingness to attend Peking Univ

39、ersity Summer Camp?I tried in vain to get them to listen to me.23If you could exchange lives with someone for a short time, would you like to do that? 24The computer game is designed for game lovers, young ones in particular.25As the only child, Jack was in possession of all the belongings after his

40、 parents died.26We offered her our congratulations on her passing the driving test.27We thought Mary would pass and John would fail, but it was contrary to the expectation.28He came to the meeting despite his serious illness.29Although against my opinion, the old professor didnt come up with his own.30On the morning of my mothers birthday, I usually help my mother do some housework.单句改错1Your story is wonderful; Ive never heard a good one before.goodbetter2I learned