英语写作基础教程Chapter 1-文档资料

1、A Basic Course in Writing英语写作基础教程贵州医科大学贵州医科大学雷妍雷妍 12021/4/25Chapter oneManuscript Form and Punctuation(文稿格式和标点符号)22021/4/25一、Manuscript Form n1. Arrangement n2. Word divisionn3. Capitalizationn4. Handwriting 32021/4/25一、Manuscript Form n1. Arrangementn(1). two centimeters at the topn(2). two centime

2、ters at the bottomn(3).one and a half centimeters on the leftn(4).one and a half centimeters on the right 42021/4/251. Arrangement 一、Manuscript Form 52021/4/25 一、Manuscript Form 1. Arrangement62021/4/25一、Manuscript Form n1. Arrangement (title) n(5). The title or topic should be placed in the middle

3、of the first line. n(6). Every word of the title (including words following hyphens in compound words) should be capitalized, except articles, preposition, coordinating conjunctions and infinitives. n(7) The first or last word of the title should be capitalized. 72021/4/25一、Manuscript Form n1. Arran

4、gement (title) nExamplesnMy Impressions of BeijingnThe Wall Between nWhere Do All the New Words Come From?nWhat Traditions Mean to the ChinesenA clean, Well-Lighted PlacenDifferent Views on Jane EyrenInterpretations of Robert Frosts Fire and Ice82021/4/25 Task 1 : Capitalize the following titles (p2

5、)1.where i lived, and what i lived for2.are transgenic crops safe?3.well-known dramatists of the ming dynasty4.a day to remember5.approaches to teaching english as a foreign language6.criticisms on the ending of mark twains adventures of huckleberry finn一、Manuscript Form1. Arrangement (title) 92021/

6、4/25Answers to task 1 1.Where I Lived, and What I Lived For 2.Are Transgenic Crops Safe?3.Well-Known Dramatists of the Ming Dynasty4.A Day to Remember5.Approaches to Teaching English as a Foreign Language6.Criticisms on the Ending of Mark Twains Adventures of Huckleberry Finn102021/4/25一、Manuscript

7、Form n1. Arrangement n(8). The first line of every paragraph should be indented (started after a space of four or five letters)n (9). Arabic numerals are generally used for paging. They can be put either in the upper right-hand corner or in the middle below the last line of every page. 112021/4/25 1

8、. Arrangement(10) attention: Never begin with a comma(,),a period(.), a colon(:), a question mark (?), an exclamation mark(!)Never ends with 【 “ ( -一、Manuscript Form 122021/4/25n2. Word divisionn(1). one syllable cannot be divided 单音节n(2). two or more syllables 双/多音节n a stressed close syllable usual

9、ly takes a consonant with it dedicate n-le is treated as a syllable people na single letter cannot be put at the end or begining of a line evoke, hearty nTwo-letter ending should not be put ar the begining of a line handed harden 一、Manuscript Form 132021/4/25n2. Word divisionn(1). one syllable canno

10、t be divided 单音节n(2). two or more syllables 双/多音节ndivisions that may mislead the readers should be avoided layman words nwith hyphens should be divided only at phens broken -hearted two -syllable words with double consonant in the middle are as rule divided between the two consonants struggle ndivis

11、ons of proper names should be avoided. Paris一、Manuscript Form 142021/4/253. Capitalization (1). proper names (2). key words in titles (3). the first words of sentences一、Manuscript Form 152021/4/254. Handwriting (1) little space (about one letter) after a comma, and a slightly bigger space (about two

12、 letters) after a full stop. (2) draw a think line through a word to cross out it.(3) write an added word above with a clear sign showing where it is to be inserted. 一、Manuscript Form 162021/4/25二、 Punctuation nThe comma (,)nThe period (.)nThe dash / hyphen (-)nThe semicolon (;)nThe colon (:)nThe qu

13、estion mark (?)nThe exclamation mark (!)nQuotation mark (“”)nParentheses/brackets ()nSquare brackets(【】)172021/4/25 (1). A comma is used to join clauses. It is put before the conjunction (and,but, or, for, so, nor, yet )(2). A comma is used after an adverbial clause or phrase.(3). Commas are used to

14、 separate a series of words or phrases with the same function in the sentence.1. The Comma (,)二、 Punctuation 182021/4/25 (4). Nonrestrictive clauses and phrases are Set off by commas.(5). Commas set off parenthetical elements.(6). In dates, a comma is used to separate the day and the year if the ord

15、er is month-day-year, no comma need be used If the order is day-month-year.(7). Numbers 1,253,900 53,807,214二、 Punctuation 1. The Comma (,)192021/4/252. The Period (.) (1). used at the end of a declarative sentence, a mildly imperative sentence, and an indirect question(2). Abbreviations U.S.A. a.m.

16、(3). Three spaced periods make the ellipsis mark二、 Punctuation 202021/4/253. The Dash / Hyphen (-) (1). indicates a break in thought or a change in tone, or a speakers confusion or hesitatione.g. Many people went there - did you go? (2). indicates an unfinished or interrupted statemente.g. He is mak

17、ing preparations for - For going abroad? 二、 Punctuation 212021/4/253. The Dash / Hyphen (-) (3). a pair of dashes set off a parenthetical elemente.g. All his belongings - a few articles of clothing and a few books - are here. (4). introduce a summarizing clause after a series of nounse.g. Bob, Lily,

18、 Judy - none of them know where he is.(5) used like quotation marks in a dialogue.(6) introduce subheading and authors after quotation二、 Punctuation 222021/4/25Task 2: punctuate the following passages. (P6) 1. most american people are fond of cats and or dogs it is said that every year they spend ab

19、out $5.4billion on their pets including $1.5 billion on pet food four times the amount of money they spend on baby food now there are about 100 million dogs and cats in the country the number is still going up rapidly since 12 500 puppies are born every hour二、 Punctuation 232021/4/25 1.Most American

20、 people are fond of cats and/ or dogs. It is said that every year they spend about $5.4billion on their pets, including $1.5 billion on pet food -four times the amount of money they spend on baby food. Now there are about 100 million dogs and cats in the country; the number is still going up rapidly

21、 since 12 500 puppies are born every hour.Answers to task 2242021/4/254. The Semicolon (;) (1). between two coordinate clauses which are not linked by a conjunction. (2). conjunctive adverbs(3). used with conjunctions when the clauses contain internal punctuation.e.g. He wrote a few good books when

22、he was young and poor; but after he became famous and rich, he wrote nothing wroth reading. 二、 Punctuation 252021/4/254. The Semicolon (;) (4). separate a series of items with internal commase.g. Among those who joined the discussion were Miss Wu, a well-known writer; Mr. Li, editor of the literary

23、supplement of the local newspaper; Dr. Qian, a professor of literary criticism; and Ms. Sun, a famous historian. 二、 Punctuation 262021/4/255. The Colon (:) (1). introduce a quotation or a statement(2) introduce an explanation, a summary or an appositive(3) used between hour and the minute to show th

24、e time8:30 二、 Punctuation 272021/4/25 2. its 745 on tuesday morning and 26 year old steve clerkson is going to work he puts on his jacket and picks up his cell phone paper and laptop as he leaves the house he turns on his mp3 player and put on his headphones he is ready to go二、 Punctuation Task 2: p

25、unctuate the following passages. (P6)282021/4/25 2. Its 7:45 on Tuesday morning and 26-year-old Steve Clerkson is going to work. He puts on his jacket and picks up his cell phone, paper, and laptop. As he leaves the house, he turns on his MP3 player and put on his headphones. He is ready to go.Answe

26、rs to task 2292021/4/256. The Question Mark (?) (1). used after a direct question(2) after a statement turned into a question e.g. You like it? (3) put between parentheses indicates the writers uncertainty about the correctness of the preceding word , figure, or date. e.g. Cao Xueqin, was born in an

27、 aristocratic family in 1715 (?), and died in poverty in 1764(?). 二、 Punctuation 302021/4/257. The Exclamation Mark (!) (1). used after an exclamatory sentence, or an emphatic interjection, or a phrase expressing strong emotion.(2) Sometimes the exclamation mark is used after a slogan. 二、 Punctuatio

28、n 312021/4/258. The Quotation Marks (“ ”) (1). double quotation marks: enclose direct quotations (indirect quotation are not enclosed by quotations marks)(2). single quotation marks: enclose a quotation within a quotation e.g. The professor said, “Confucius says, Do not impose on others what you do

29、not desire yourself. This is a very good principle of moral conduct. ”二、 Punctuation 322021/4/258. The Quotation Marks (“ ”) (3). used for titles and headings (4). used for words with special meaning(5) when other marks are quoted: - the comma and the period may be placed either inside or outside th

30、e quotation marks- the colon and the semicolon placed outside the quotation marks- the dash, the question mark and exclamation mark are placed according to the meaning of the sentence.二、 Punctuation 332021/4/25 I dialed a number and the phone rang once twice then someone picked it up you got the wro

31、ng number a husky voice snapped before the line went dead mystified I dialed again二、 Punctuation Task 3: punctuate the following passages. (P13)342021/4/25I said you got the wrong number came thevoice once more the phone clicked in my earhow could he possibly know I had a wrongnumber at that time, I

32、 worked for the New YorkCity Police Department a cop is trained to becurious and concerned so I dialed a third time二、 Punctuation Task 3: punctuate the following passages. (P13)352021/4/25hey come on the man said is this you againyeah its me I answered I was wondering how you knew I had the wrong nu

33、mber before I even said anythingyou figure it out the phone slammed down二、 Punctuation Task 3: punctuate the following passages. (P13)362021/4/25I sat there for a short time the receiver hangingloosely in my fingers I called the man backso you have figured it out he askedthe only thing I can think o

34、f is eh nobody evercalls youyou got it the phone went dead for the fourthtime Chuckling I dialed the man back二、 Punctuation Task 3: punctuate the following passages. (P13)372021/4/25what do you want now he asked.I thought Id call just to say Hellohello whywell if nobody ever calls you I thought mayb

35、e I shouldokay hello who is this二、 Punctuation Task 3: punctuate the following passages. (P13)382021/4/25at last I had got through now it was his turn tobe curious I told him who I was and asked whohe was my names Adolf Meth Im 88 years old and Ihavent had this many wrong numbers in oneday in 20 yea

36、rs we both laughedin this way we became phone friends二、 Punctuation Task 3: punctuate the following passages. (P13)392021/4/25I dialed a number and the phone rangonce twice, then someone picked it up.“You got the wrong number,” a husky voicesnapped before the line went dead. Mystified Idialed again.Answers to task 3402021/4/25“I said, You got the wrong number.”came thevoice once more. The phone clicked in my ear.How could he possibly know I had a wr