上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试分类模拟笔记题(六)

1、上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试分类模拟笔记题（六）（总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟）Note-taki ng and Gap-Filli ng（总题数：0，分数：0.00）、A总题数：1，分数：50.00）About 1 years ago, Earth entered the latest interglacial period. The 2 pattern for an interglacial period is that there is the most carbon dioxide and methane gas which are greenhouse gases. And

2、then the concentration of greenhouse gases gradually goes down. Now, the climate continues to warm for a while because there is a 3 effect. But gradually as the concentration of greenhouse gases goes down, Earth starts to cool again, and eventually you 4 back into an Ice Age. In the latest interglac

3、ial period, this pattern did not 5 now. What was different about this period than the other ones? One big 6 is human activity. the agricultural revolutionpeople began 7 cropsand animals for food instead of 8 for them.Some climate 9 propose that perhaps humanity was having an effect on the climate si

4、nce the agricultural revolution. When you grow crops and 10 animals, you cut down the 11 , you end up with much more carbon in the atmosphere. Methane forms in large concentration above 12 , which increases its amount in the atmosphere. So agriculture could have a 13 effect on the 14 of Earth"s

5、 atmosphere. The agricultural revolution was 15 by 16 an Ice Age. But 17 and the burning of 18 fuels have drastically 19 carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. So we enter into uncharted 20 now in terms of the amount of carbon dioxide.About 1 years ago, Earth entered the latest interglacial period. The 2

6、 pattern for an interglacial period is that there is the most carbon dioxide and methane gas which are greenhouse gases. And then the concentration of greenhouse gases gradually goes down. Now, the climate continues to warm for a while because there is a 3 effect. But gradually as the concentration

7、of greenhouse gases goes down, Earth starts to cool again, and eventually you 4 back into an Ice Age. In thelatest interglacial period, this pattern did not 5 now. What was different about this period than the other ones? One big 6 is human activity. the agricultural revolutionpeople began 7 cropsan

8、d animals for food instead of 8 for them.Some climate 9 propose that perhaps humanity was having an effect on the climate since the agricultural revolution. When you grow crops and 10 animals, you cut down the 11 , you end up with much more carbon in the atmosphere. Methane forms in large concentrat

9、ion above 12 , which increases its amount in the atmosphere. So agriculture could have a 13 effect on the 14 of Earth"s atmosphere. The agricultural revolution was 15 by 16 an Ice Age. But 17 and the burning of 18 fuels have drastically 19 carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. So we enter into unch

10、arted 20 now in terms of the amount of carbon dioxide.（分数：50.00）解析：11,000 听力原文I"d like to take you back about 11 thousand years ago when Earth entered the latest interglacial period. Interglacial periods are, typically, periods of time between Ice Ages, when the climate warms, and the glacial i

11、ce retreats for a time, before things cool off again and another Ice Age begins. And for over the past several million years, Earth"s sort of default climate has actually been Ice Age, but we have experienced periodic regular thaws, and the last one, the one we arein now, started about 11 thous

12、and years ago.Now, the typical pattern for an interglacial period, and we have studied several, is that theconcentration of carbon dioxide and methane gas actually reaches its peak, that is, there is the most carbon dioxide and methane gas, that is, being greenhouse gases in the atmosphere just afte

13、r the beginning of the interglacial period. And then, for reasons which are not entirely clear,the concentration of greenhouse gases gradually goes down. Now, the climate continues to warm for a while because there is a lag effect. But gradually as the concentration of greenhouse gases goes down, Ea

14、rth starts to cool again, and eventually you slip back into an Ice Age. Um, however, for the latest interglacial period, the one we are in now, this pattern did not hold, that is, the concentration of carbon dioxide and methane dipped a littlebit after peaking at the beginning,near the beginning of

15、the interglacial period, but then it began to rise again. Um.What was different about this interglacial period than the other ones?Well, one of the big differences is human activity. People began to raise crops and animals for food instead of hunting for them. This is the agricultural revolution. An

16、d it began to happen in the earliest stages about 11 thousand years ago.Now, scientists have tended to regard the agricultural revolution as a beneficiary of the fortuitous shift in climate. However, some new theorists of climate have proposed that perhaps humanity was having an effect on the climat

17、e as far back as the beginnings of the agricultural revolution. When you grow crops and pasture your animals, one of the things you do is you cut down the forests. If you cut down the forests, when you burn the trees for fuel and don"t replace them with other trees, or when you just leave them

18、to rot and don"t allow other trees to grow, you end up with a lot more carbon in the form of carbon dioxide getting into the atmosphere.Another gas associated with the spread of agriculture is methane. Methane forms in large concentration above wetlands, and as it turns out, the cultivation of

19、certain grains creates vast areas of artificial wetlands, and probably drastically increases the amount of methane getting into the atmosphere, over and above what would be there.So, agriculture, the spread of agriculture, you know we are talking over thousands of years, but-this could very well hav

20、e a profound effect on the composition of Earth"s atmosphere. It"s kind of ironic to think that absent that effect, it may be that we would be heading into an Ice Age again. In fact, back in the 1970s, a lot of theorists were predicting that, you know, the climate would start to cool and w

21、e"d slowly enter into the new Ice Age. And then they were puzzled as to why it didn"t seem to be happening.Um.now, what are the implications for the future? Well, it is a little tricky. I mean, you could say, well, here is an example of humanactivity, the agricultural revolution, which act

22、ually was beneficial, we altered the climate for the better, perhaps, by preventing an Ice Age. But then industrialization, of course, has drastically increased the amount of carbon dioxide that humans are putting into the atmosphere, the burning of fossil fuels tends to put a lot of CO2 into the at

23、mosphere. So we are entering into uncharted territory now, in terms of the amount of carbon dioxide, the concentrations of carbon dioxide that are now being put into the atmosphere as a result of industrialization and the use of fossil fuels.解析： typical 解析： lag 解析： slip 解析： hold 解析： difference 解析： r

24、aising 解析： hunting 解析： theorists 解析： pasture 解析： forests 解析： wetlands 解析： profound 解析： composition 解析： beneficial解析：preventing解析：industrialization解析：fossil解析：increased解析：territory三、B（总题数：1，分数：50.00）Paul Krugman, the 1 Noble Prize Winner in 2 , delivered a speech with the theme of "the Futureof

25、Sino-US 3 under the New Pattern" in Shanghai Jiao Tong University.He said. I think it is very bad with excessive investment in real estate, because the bubble brought about by real 4 investment is the bubble that can result in no 5 . Krugman disfavored excessive debt, especially the excessive d

26、ebt of government and family to 6 the house. He said. As earlyas 2005, I have written that American economy has made a society in which people make their living by selling houses and this is not a 7 development 8 . Developing countries are in great need of9 for development. WhenChina got foreign dir

27、ect investments, it produced products to gain foreign10 which, however, were not 11 left to its own use. I find it difficult to understand why China invests so much money 12 , and now it seems these investments have low 13 . I think China should14 domestic public investment and 15 domestic demand. K

28、rugman also said. The recovery of China"s economy will bring a method or a development mode out of 16 to other countries, but China cannot17 the recovery of 18 economy due to its 19 of world GDP being too 20 .Paul Krugman, the 1 Noble Prize Winner in 2 , delivered a speech with the theme of &qu

29、ot;the Future of Sino-US 3 under the New Pattern" in Shanghai Jiao Tong University.He said. I think it is very bad with excessive investment in real estate, because the bubble brought about by real 4 investment is the bubble that can result in no 5 . Krugman disfavored excessive debt, especiall

30、y the excessive debt of government and family to 6 the house. He said. As earlyas 2005, I have written that American economy has made a society in which people make their living by selling houses and this is not a 7 development 8 . Developing countries are in great need of9 for development. WhenChin

31、a got foreign direct investments, it produced products to gain foreign10 which, however, were not 11 left to its own use. I find it difficult to understand why China invests so much money 12 , and now it seems these investments have low 13 . I think China should14 domestic public investment and 15 d

32、omestic demand. Krugman also said. The recovery of China"s economy will bring a method or a development mode out of 16 to other countries, but China cannot17 the recovery of 18 economy due to its 19 of world GDP being too 20 .（分数：50.00 ）解析：2008 听力原文A well-known economist said that real estate b

33、ubble is the evil bubble. It is hard to imaginethat when a Noble Prize Winner in Economics was asked about the family and personal finance, he would drop head and smile a bit shyly yesterday afternoon, Paul Krugman, the 2008 Nobel PrizeWinner in Economics, appeared in Shanghai Jiao Tong University a

34、nd in the 50-minute interview before the speech, the reporter got to know the uniqueness of this star professor. "I disapprove of excessive personal debt, especially the debt brought about by excessive investment in real estate."Professor Krugman delivered a speech with the theme of "

35、the Future of Sino-US Economy under the New Pattern" in Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and accepted the appointment from Shanghai Jiao Tong University to be honorary professor of Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Hence, he will carry out regular academic

36、exchanges in Shanghai from now on."Who is the bread-earner of the family?" Facing this question, Paul Krugman was a little shy, and he lowered his head, smiled and answered after a long time: "We jointly earn the bread, for the reason that the majority of my income comes from the econ

37、omic books I write and my wife takes part in my writing. And to my column, she always contributes many ideas."Nevertheless, when asked about how to invest, Professor Krugman is rather prudential. "I"ve bought quite a few bonds, all of which are underestimated bonds, and also the funds

38、. Of course, such investments are risky." He said frankly. "Idislike having too much debt, and I don"t have much.I think both individuals and government should reduce their debt. Although now the government wants to relieve the crisis by issuing debt, it should be considered only as t

39、he special behavior in special circumstances.""I think it is very bad with excessive investment in real estate, because the bubble brought about by real estate investment is the bubble that can result in no productivity. In the late 1990"s, we were also faced with the bursting of hi-t

40、ech bubbles, but the previous technology bubble at least provided us with optical fiber and improved ourlife." In the eyes of Krugman, real estatebubble is very evil.Krugman disfavored excessive debt, especially the excessive debt of government and family to purchase the house. He said: "A

41、s early as 2005, I have written that American economy has made a society in which people make their living by selling houses and this is not a sustainable development mode. But at the momentpeople all thought this mode was good. America borrowed money crazily and so did American families. After the

42、1980"s, financial innovation made believe that there would be no more crisis, while American family debt was equal to its GDP. Now America"s saving rate begins to rise, and in my opinion, if it can reach the average level of American history 8%, then it will be a better situation."Krugman thought now the business investment in America is quite stable, and he said: "Of course if we could get more business investment, it may be helpful t