Unit 5 Dreams新编大学英语第二版第二册教案课件

1、Unit 5 DreamsUseful Information“Dreams surely are difficult, confusing, and not everything in them is brought to pass for mankind. For fleeting dreams have two gates; one is fashioned of horn and one of ivory. Those which pass through the one of sawn ivory are deceptive, bringing tidings which come

2、to nought, but those which issue from the one of polished horn bring true results when a mortal sees them.”                                &

3、#160;          Homer, a Greek writerWhile our own understanding of dreams is certainly more complex than that of Homer, there are still many things about dreams which we do not understand. We know when dreams occur, we know they can be either “good d

4、reams” or “bad dreams,” but there is still much disagreement about what, if any, significance dreams have to our life while we are awake. The interpretation of dreams has been a favorite activity of people for as long as we have had recorded history. Some of these dream interpreters have become

5、 famous, and some, like the European psychologist Sigmund Freud, felt that all dreams have meanings which relate to our personal relationships with family members and friends. Freud felt that many dreams have sexual meanings, but other dream experts reject this idea. Good dreams include those i

6、n which we see ourselves succeeding in some difficult or pleasant activity such as singing, dancing, talking with our friends, or experiencing the happiness which may not occur in our waking hours. Many persons report dreams of competing in athletic competitions or music competitions, or of acting i

7、n a dramatic production. The performance in these events can go beyond anything we might experience in reality. Who among us has not dreamed of spending pleasant hours with our real or imaginary lover, enjoying his or her company in ways known only to those who have loved? Many persons report dreami

8、ng of flying, jumping great distances or heights, or defeating enemies in battle. Interpreters of such dreams give varied meanings, most of which are probably not very reliable. But, we often awake from good dreams in a good mood, rested and ready to face the day. Bad or unpleasant dreams inclu

9、de those which frighten us, recall unpleasant experiences from our lives, or present problems for which there is no evident solution. Dreams of failing an exam at school, dreams of losing a job or a good friend, dreams of accidents or death of a loved one in our family, etc. are unsettling and not e

10、asily understood. Some dream experts believe these dreams are now a threatening way to face a problem from real life. They give us a way to deal with the problem so that we may find it less stressful in our waking hours. Whether good or bad, dreams are common for most persons. There is evidence

11、 that dreams also occur in other animals such as dogs, apes, etc., though, of course, we cannot know for sure. Dogs who whimper, growl, or move their legs and feet as if running while asleep are probably dreaming. This is a very common thing known to dog owners who have observed their pets closely.&

12、#160;In a sense, progress would not occur in life if it were not for the dreams of those who are responsible for solving problems in our society. Inventors, musicians, and many others say that they first dreamed of an idea, and then started plans which fulfilled their dreams and made them a reality.

13、  Whatever their significance, dreams are important events to the dreamer, and interest in them will continue as long as life continues.(587 words) Information about Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung:1) Sigmund Freud (1856-1939): An Austrian doctor who developed a new system for understandi

14、ng the way that peoples minds work, and a new way of treating mental illness called psychoanalysis. He believed that the bad experiences that people have as children can affect their mental health as adults, and that by talking tomentally ill people  about their past life and feelings, the hidd

15、en causes of their illness can be found. He wrote The Interpretation of Dreams and The Ego and the Id . His ideas, especially about the importance of sex, had a very great influence on the way that people thought in the 20th century. 2) Carl Jung (1875-1961): A Swiss psychia

16、trist who studied the importance of dreams and religion in problems of the mind, and divided people into two groups, introverts and extroverts. Jung developed the idea of the collective unconscious, the belief that peoples feelings and reactions are often based on deep memories of human experience i

17、n the past. He worked with Sigmund Freud until they had a serious disagreement.Part One Preparation1. A Dream Poll  Sample 1I dont think dreams can predict the future. I never take dreams seriously. To me, dreams are just meaningless nonsense. Some people claim that what they dreamed came true.

18、 If this is the case, it is only by accident. Sample 2Dreams can make me feel good. After a good nights sleep and some sweet dreams, I feel happy and full of energy when I wake up in the morning. But of course, I dont like terrible dreams. These dreams make me very tired.  2. Talking

19、About Your DreamsSampleA: How often do you dream?B: I dream almost every night.A: What sort of dreams do you have? Are they connected to your daily life?B: Yes, I always dream about things that are connected to daily life. For example, after I play computer games for a long time, I dream of playing

20、computer games. Sometimes, I cant find a book, but then I dream that I have found it.A: Do you have recurring dreams?B: Yes, I often dream of having to take an exam I havent prepared for.A: Have you ever wondered about the meanings of your dreams? Do you have any satisfactory explanations for your d

21、reams?B: I am curious about the meanings of my dreams, but I dont have any explanations. Someone told me that if I dream of snakes or coffins, I will be rich. I did dream of snakes and coffins, but I am still very poor. I ask my parents for money every month.A: Why do you think people dream?B: Its h

22、ard to say. However, as a Chinese saying goes: We think of something during the day, and we dream of it during the night. I think when the body is at rest, the mind, probably a part of the brain, continues to work. That may be the reason why we dream.Part Two Reading-Centered ActivitiesIn-Class Read

23、ingI. Pre-ReadingSample1) Maybe its too hot in the bedroom.The dreamer might have run into some difficulties in real life.2) Maybe the dreamer has been longing to see a dolphin.The dreamer is going to have good fortune because the dolphin is usually believed to be a good omen.3) The dreamer may

24、 have the real fear of losing his job or house.The dreamer may have been looking for a job and will probably find a good one because the dream may indicate the opposite of reality.4) The dreamer may have the real fear of taking exams.The dreamer may have the previous experience of failing an exam.Th

25、e dreamer may have an exam to take in real life.5) The dreamer may be in a good mood.The dreamer may be very thirsty.The dreamer may have some important occasion to celebrate.6) The dreamer may be very thirsty.Maybe the dreamer is badly in need of things like money, love, and help.7) The dreamer may

26、 have to get up early.The dreamer may have the habit of being late for work/school.The dreamer may have slept through the alarm.8) The dreamer may have been trapped in some difficulties.Maybe the dreamer is afraid of some unknown danger.It may just be that the dreamer feels very tired.  II

27、. Passage ReadingWords, Phrases and Grammatical Points1. advance (l.3)The word “advance” here means a change, discovery, or invention that brings progress. It has several other meanings:n. 1) forward movement 前进 e.g. The enemy s advance was stopped.2) (in advance) beforehand 事先，预先e.g.

28、 I should warn you in advance that  Im not a very good dancer.v. 1) come or go forward 前进e.g. The mob (暴徒) advanced toward us shouting angrily.2) develop, improve 发展，进步e.g. Our understanding of human genetics (遗传学) has advanced considerably.Note the difference between “remem

29、ber + v-ing” and “remember + to + v.”:1) I remember posting the letter before I went to work ( = I posted the letter and can call this event to mind). 我记得上班之前寄了信。2) I remembered to post the letter before I went to work ( = I took care not to forget to do this) 我记住上班之前要寄信。 2. happen to (l.8)“hap

30、pen + to + v.” means “have the good or bad luck to (碰巧，不巧)”e.g. I happened to look out of the window and saw him pass by.In sentences like “If anything happens to him, let me know.” “to” is a preposition which should be followed by a noun or pronoun. 3. the first occurring about 90 minutes afte

31、r we fall asleep. (l. 1011)This part of the sentence means “the first stage occurs about 90 minutes after we fall asleep.”When you want to mention a fact that is relevant to what is stated in the main clause, you can use a non-defining clause containing a subject and a present participle.e.g. B

32、ats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some having a life-expectancy of around twenty years. 4. last (l.11)In this sentence “last” functions as a verb, meaning “go on, continue (继续，持续)”.e.g. I) How long will this film last?II) The hot weather lasted until September. 5. progress (l

33、.12)“Progress” functions as a verb in the sentence, meaning “improve, develop (进展，发展)”.e.g. I) My experiment is progressing nicely.II) Our meeting has progressed well, covering a lot of topics. 6. may well (l.20)The expression “may well” or “might well” means “be very likely to (很可能)”. Here are

34、 more examples: e.g. I) You may well be asked to sing something unaccompanied.II) Wages may well fall to extremely low levels over the next year.III) Her life might well have been saved if she had been taken to the hospital sooner.7. whereas (l.34)The word “whereas” is a conjunction (连词). It is

35、 used to say that although something is true of one thing, it is not true of another (然而).e.g. I) The old system was fairly complicated whereas the new system is really very simple.II) Whereas the city spent over $1 billion on its museums and stadiums, it failed to look after its schools. 

36、 III. Post-ReadingReading Comprehension1. Understanding the Organization of the PassageI. Introduction: Questions concerning dreams have puzzled human beings. (Para. 1)II. Dreaming and sleeping (Para. 2-3)i) When does dreaming occur?When we are in REM sleep.ii) What are the main purposes of sle

37、eping?To give us rest and to allow us to dream.III. Possible causes of dreams (Para. 4-6)i) Physiological.Example: Sleeping with ones feet too close to a heater may cause one to dream of walking on hot coals.ii) Reflection of inner fears.Example: Worrying about losing ones job ma

38、y cause one to dream of losing ones job. IV. Dream interpretation (Para. 7-9)i) The earliest dream dictionary included symbols such as drinking wine to indicate a short life and drinking water to indicate a long life.ii) Artemidorus dictionary includes symbols such as right

39、hand (father), left hand (mother) and dolphin (a good omen).iii) Most experts warn that dream interpretations should be treated with care.2. Understanding Specific Information1) T  2) T  3) T  4) T  5) F  6) T  7) T  8) T  9) F  10) F3

40、. Comparing ViewsSamples I agree with Saunders opinion. First, different people have different social backgrounds and experiences. They may see the world in different ways. Second, I dont think dreams are closely related to real life. So, its easy to make mistakes if you try to interpret someones dr

41、eams without knowing the person well enough. I think it is possible to analyze a dream without knowing the dreamer. If we share the same language and physical environment, we would have a lot in common, at least, for example, the nature of human beings. Of course, people have different ways of think

42、ing, but it doesnt mean we cant understand each other. Im very interested in learning about dreams and ways of analyzing dreams.  Vocabulary1. 1) explanation  2) enthusiasts  3) frustrating  4) popularity   5) unconscious 6) electrical 7) movements  8) recogni

43、zable  9) interpretation  10) countless 2. Part A1) asleep  2) sleepless  3) sleep  4) sleepy  5) asleep  6) slept  7) sleeping, sleep  8) sleeper Part B1) submerged: go below the surface of the sea, river or lake （使）浸没，淹没2) subculture: the beha

44、vior, practices, etc. associated with a group within a society 亚文化3) submarine: a special type of ship which can travel under water 潜水艇4) subway: the passage under ground along which pedestrians can pass 地铁5) subzero: (of temperatures) below zero 零度以下的6) Subtropical: belonging to or relating to part

45、s of the world that have very hot weather 副热带的，亚热带的7) subspecies: a subdivision of a species （物种的）亚种8) subnormal: below an average or expected standard, especially of intelligence 低于正常的3. 1) progressed  2) puzzled  3) process  4) reflected  5) predict   6) advances7) sy

46、mbol  8) ancient   9) error    10) conscious  11) analysis  12) inner Translation1. You will see that what I am saying now will come true.2. The lecture was so boring that half (of) the students fell asleep.3. The problem of unemployment is tied up with t

47、he development of new technology.4. His appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize him.5. The castle dates back to the 14th century.6. She has never done anything for them, whereas they have done everything they can for her.Part Three Further Development1. Vocabulary Review1) A.

48、natural: not involving anything made by people 天然的，自然的B. neutral: having features or characteristics that are not easily noticed  不鲜明的，不明显的C. natural: to be expected; usual 合乎情理的，惯常的D. neutral: not saying or doing anything that would encourage or help any of the groups involved in an argument o

49、r war 中立的，不偏不倚2) A. shattered: (cause to) break suddenly into very small pieces （使）粉碎B. crashing: hit something or someone extremely hard while moving, in a way that causes a lot of damage or makes a lot of noise  撞击C. cracked: do something with a sudden sharp noise 劈啪地响D. crash: an accident in

50、 which a vehicle violently hits something else 碰撞E. crack: (cause to) break without dividing into separate parts （使）开裂3) A. ancient: of or from a long time ago, having lasted for a very long time, or very old 古代的，远古的，古老的B. early: near the beginning of (a period of time), or before the usual, expecte

51、d or planned time 早的C. previous: happening or existing before the one mentioned 先前的，以前的4) A. sign: something which shows that something exists or is happening 迹象B. symbols: a shape or design that is used to represent something such as an idea 象征C. signal: a sound or action that you make in order to

52、give information to someone or tell them to do something 信号D. signs/symbols: a standard mark that is used to represent something 符号，记号5) A. view: state of seeing or being seen from a particular place 视野，视域B. vision: power of seeing; sight 视力C. vision: an imagined mental picture of something 想象，幻想D.

53、outlook: your general attitude to life and the world (对生活、世界的) 观点，见解E. view: personal opinion or attitude 观点，看法6) A. errors/mistakes: things done incorrectly through ignorance or wrong judgment 错误，失误B. fault: if something bad that has happened is your fault, you should be blamed for it  过错C. er

54、ror: a moral wrong 道德上的错误D. fault: something that is wrong with a machine, system, design etc, which prevents it from working properly 故障E. mistake: by mistake is a fixed phrase7) A. confused: unable to think clearly 被迷惑的，被弄糊涂的B. confusing: difficult to understand, puzzling 令人迷惑的8) A. conscious: not

55、icing the existence or presence of something particular 意识到的，知道的B. unconscious: in the state of having lost consciousness 失去知觉的C. subconscious: present at a hidden level of the mind 潜意识的，下意识的D. consciousness: the state of being awake, thinking and aware of what is happening around you意识，神志清醒 2.

56、 Matching Symbols with Interpretations1) D  2) K  3) A  4) J  5) G  6) H  7) C  8) L  9) E  10) F  11) I  12) B13) Falling down from a high place: it may predict a heart attack.14) Eating spoiled (馊的) food: it may predict a stomach problem.15) C

57、hoking (窒息): it may be caused by using a quilt that is too heavy.More symbols and their interpretations:Being dead: the dreamer may experience a new start in life.Getting lost on a journey: the dreamer is unable to see the future.Finding a lot of money: the dreamer is about to find out something hid

58、den about himself.Wild animals: the dreamer feels attacked and wants a chance to show his real power and strength. 3.Interpreting a Dream  SampleOne night, I woke up from a dream to check my watch. It said 1:00 PM and it was very bright outside. I was very scared since that morning was my

59、first day of school for the new semester, and I was supposed to wake up before 7:00 AM. Oversleeping to 1:00 PM would have been terrible! I tried to get up and get out of bed. But I was unable to.instead, I went back to sleep again, and continued with my dream.Finally, I woke up and checked my watch

60、. It was only 5:00 AM, two hours before the time for me to get up for class. It was still dark outside. Not until then did I realize that the earlier checking of my watch had happened in a dream. Supplementary Activities:1. Remembering Your DreamsStep One: In a short paragraph, write down the details of a dream that you once had. If you cant remember a dream, invent one.Step Two: Read your dream to your partner. When you have finished, test the class to see if they can remember all the details. Your partner uses a question tag, you use short answers.For example:Partner: