Environmental Issues新西兰环境问题课件

1、1 The environment of New Zealand is characterised by unique flora and fauna and a variety of landforms contained within a small island nation. 2Environmental Issues In New Zealandlogo3 Historically having a very isolated and endemic ecosystem far into modernity, the arrival of first the Maori and th

2、en later European settlers began to have significant impacts on this system, with the intentional and unintentional introduction of new species and plants which often overwhelmed their natural competitors, losing to a significant loss of native ecology and biodiversity, especially in areas like bird

3、life.Introduced animals such as cats,dogs, ferrets and opossums have seriously affected native fauna and their habitat. Some species are extinct. Many are rarely seen, surviving only on offshore island reserves .4In the early 19th century, Europeans came to New Zealand at the same time, also brought

4、 the stoat and other carnivores, Kiwi number from plummeting.5Due to the arrival of rats and other exotic birds, the insect(Weta) is almost in New Zealand extinct on the Mainland.6 Big lizard is one of the few from the age of dinosaurs surviving biological species. Since Europeans in about 1830 year

5、s set foot on New Zealand lands of the moment, they have experienced numerous disasters As natural enemies, including the mouse, the reptilian creature is one of the critically endangered animals.7Dolphin is not extinct, but like other marine life, as it often subjected to threats from fishing vesse

6、ls. Because it lives in the inland waters, events and ships collided often.8Initially in New Zealand there are two short-tailed bats. But as the Europeans brought the mice, widely regarded as one of the short-tailed bat is extinct. Another endangered animal, and only in the South Island, Taranaki an

7、d see traces of it over a small area of the fjord.910 Besides, there are problems with pollution of rivers and lakes,and the clearing of forests for farming has produced problems with erosion, when soil is washed away because of flooding.11121314151617 Today, most parts of New Zealand are heavily mo

8、dified by the effects of logging, agriculture and general human settlement, though large areas have also been placed under protection, combined in many cases with efforts to protect or regenerate native ecosystems (aided by the fact that especially the South Island of New Zealand has only a very low

9、 population density).18 The increasing environmental awareness of the 1960s led to a specific body of environmental law that developed in many Western countries including New Zealand. In 1991,the Resource Management Act (the first piece of environmental legislation of natural and physical resources)

10、 came into effect.19 New Zealanders are keen to take environmental responsibility on an individual basis,as well as nationally and internationally 20 In addition, New Zealand had a significant voice at the Earth Summit -the United Nation Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held at Rio

11、de Janeiro in 1992. The resulting ducument Agenda 21 passed at the summit was modeled after New Zealands Resource Management Act21 OECD environmental performance review In 2007, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) conducted an environmental performance review of New Zea

12、land. Some of the main conclusions and recommendations were that:4 energy intensity is about equal to the OECD average intensity of water, fertiliser, and pesticide use is low for OECD countries. However, the review period saw significant increases, with consequent growth in pressures on the environment New Zealand should strengthen national policy guidance (policy statements, national environmental standards) New Zealand should further integrate environmental concerns into economic and sectoral