标准4153中文翻译

1、Standard responsible (department acronym, name)UTDH Markku BackholmSTD4153Quenching and tempering steels and precipitation hardening steels 淬火和回火调质钢和沉淀硬化钢 Contents 目录 Page页码Introduction介绍 2Changes from previous issue之前发行号的变化.21.Characteristics and applications特性及应用.21.1 Quenching and tempering steel

2、s淬火和回火调质钢.21.2 Precipitation hardening steels沉淀硬化钢.42.Macro inclusions宏观夹杂物.53.Austenite grain size奥氏体晶粒尺寸.54.Reduction factor折减系数.55.Requirements of hardenability可硬化行能力的要求.56.Chemical composition化学成分.66.1 Quenching and tempering steels淬火和回火调钢.6 6.2 Precipitation hardening steels沉淀硬化钢.87.Forms of su

3、pply供应形式.88.1 Mechanical properties力学特性.99.Precipitation hardening steels沉淀硬化钢.1610.Surface hardening表面硬化.1711. Fusion welding熔焊.1812.Forging temperature铸件温度.20 13.Heat treatment热处理.2114.Hardening of different steel grades不同级别钢的硬化. 2314.1 Hardening temperatures硬化温度.2414.2 Hardenability according to

4、Jominy. 25根据顶端硬化性能力14.3 Tempering diagram回火图.3814.4 Diagram for isothermal transformation (TTT-diagram)等温转变图（TTT图）.54 15.Equivalent rectangular and circularsections for bars棒的等效矩形和圆形截面. 5916.Material indication on drawing材料显示在图纸上.6017.Appurtenant documents附属文件.62 Introduction简介Scania quenching and t

5、empering steels and precipitation hardening steels deviate from standardized steels due to factors such as the requirements on macro inclusions, austenite grain size, reduction factor and forging temperature.Scania淬火和回火调质钢和沉淀硬化钢是偏离标准钢的，由于一些因素影响，比如说宏观夹杂物的要求、奥氏体晶粒尺寸，减少因素和锻造温度。Changes from previous iss

6、ue 之前发行号的变化The standard has been revised and adapted to international standard when possible.Periodical up date.此标准已是修正版，通用于国际化标准，如有可能，也适用于定期更新的版本。1 .Characteristics and applications 特性及应用Basic data for heat treatment of steel grades according to this standard are given in section 13, “Heat treatmen

7、t”and in section 14, “Hardening of different steel grade.根据本标准，钢级热处理的基本数据在第13节中，“热处理”在第14节中，“硬化有不同的钢级”。1.1Quenching and tempering steels 淬火和回火调质钢1.1.1 Conventional quenching and tempering steels常规的淬火和回火调质钢Steel 91672 is intended for quenching and tempering as well as surface hardening of relatively

8、weak and simple parts. When surface hardening, a hardening depth of 4 mm can be achieved. The steel can be used in normalised or untreated condition. Steel 91672 replaces steel 1672.91672钢是用于淬火和回火，以及相对较弱和简单零件的表面硬化。当表面硬化时，硬化深度为4毫米，是可以达到的。钢适用于标准的或未经处理的条件下。钢91672替代1672钢。Steel 92220 can be used for medi

9、um sized parts where there are no requirements for total material hardening throughout. The steel is suitable for surface hardening. Steel 92220 replaces steel 2120. 92220钢可用于中等尺寸的零件，在整个材料硬化过程中没有任何要求。该钢是适用于表面硬化。92220钢替代2120钢。Steel 92254 has approximately the same strength properties as steel 92225,

10、but it is cheaper due to a different chemical composition. The steel is suitable for surface hardening. 92254钢和92225钢有大致相同的强度性能，但由于不同的化学成分它更便宜。该钢适用于表面硬化。Steel 92245 has approximately the same strength properties as steel 92234, but it is cheaper due to a different chemical composition. The steel is

11、suitable for surface hardening. 92245钢和92234钢有大致相同的强度性能，但由于不同的化学成分它更便宜。该钢适用于表面硬化。Steel 92225 is used when the material strength requirements are so high that a quenching and tempering steel need to be used, at the same time as there is a requirement for a certain degree of weldability. The steel is

12、suitable for surface hardening. Steel 92225 replaces steel 2225. 92225钢需要在淬火和回火时使用，所以它的材料强度要求很高，同时也要有一定程度上的焊接要求。该钢是适用于表面硬化。92225钢替代2225钢。Steel 92234 is used for moderately loaded quenched and tempered parts in dimensions up to approximately 250 mm, to moderately- high loaded parts up to approximatel

13、y 40 mm and highly loaded parts up to approximately 25 mm. The steel is suitable for surface hardening. Steel 92234 replaces steel 2234.92234钢是用于中等负载的淬火和回火零件，尺寸约为250毫米，至中度大约40毫米和高度负载部分高达约25毫米。该钢是适用于表面硬化。92234钢替代2234钢。 Steel 92244 is used for medium high loaded quenched and tempered parts in dimensio

14、ns up to approximately 100 mm as well as for highly loaded parts up to approximately 25 mm. The steel is suitable for surface hardening. Steel 92244 replaces steel 2244.92244钢是用于中等高负载的淬火和回火零件，尺寸高达约100毫米，及高度负载部分高达约25毫米。该钢是适用于表面硬化。92244钢替代2244钢。 Steel 92541 is used for highly loaded quenched and tempe

15、red parts in dimensions up to approximately 250 mm as well as very highly loaded parts up to approximately 50 mm. The steel is less suited for surface hardening as water cooling of parts with complicated forms entails a certain risk of crack formation. Steel 92541 replaces steel 2541. 92541钢是用于高负载的淬

16、火和回火零件，尺寸高达约250毫米，及非常高的负载部分高达约50毫米。该钢是不适合表面硬化的，由于零件具有复杂的冷却水冷却形式，且具有一定的裂缝形成的风险。92541钢替代钢2541。 Steel 92230 is used for parts with thickness exceeding 15 mm and with requirements for good suspension properties. To some extent, the steel can be used for weaker coil springs.92230钢是用于厚度超过15毫米的零件，并具有良好的悬浮性

17、能要求。在一定程度上，该钢可用于较弱的线圈弹簧。1.1.1 Boron steels 硼钢Boron steel is an alternative to certain quenching and tempering steel with a basic price that is lower than for corresponding conventional quenching and tempering steel.硼钢是一种替代某些淬火和回火的调质钢，其基本价格低于相应的常规的淬火和回火调质钢的。Steel 92133 is quenching and tempering stee

18、l with boron that can replace steel 92234. 92133钢是用硼来淬火和回火的调质钢，可以代替92234钢。Steel 92138 is quenching and tempering steel with boron and hardenability between 92133 and 92139.92138钢是用硼来淬火和回火的调质钢，可硬化性在92133和92139之间。Steel 92139 is quenching and tempering steel with boron that can replace steel 92244.9213

19、9钢是用硼来淬火和回火的调质钢，可以代替92244钢。1.1.2 Tool steel 工具钢Steel 92258 is originally a ball and roller bearing steel, but it is also used for a number of other applications. The steel can, to a certain extent, replace quenched and tempered steel when the requirements for toughness are not all too high. Steel 92

20、258 replaces steel 2258.92258钢最初是一个球和滚式的轴承钢，但它也被用于一些其他应用程序。当韧性的要求不高时，该钢在一定程度上可以代替淬火和回火的调质钢。92258钢替代2258钢。1.2 Precipitation hardening steels沉淀硬化钢Precipitation hardening steels can in some applications replace quenching and tempering steels. Hardening is achieved through controlled air cooling after f

21、orging, where the heat from forging is used. As a rule, the use of precipitation hardened steel results in a cost reduction in relation to quenched and tempered steel. Precipitation hardened steels have poor impact strength compared with quenched and tempered steels. 在某些应用中，沉淀硬化钢可以代替淬火和回火的调质钢。硬化是通过控

22、制空气冷却后使用那里热来锻造的。通常，使用沉淀硬化钢结果会比用淬火和回火调质钢成本降低，但是其具有较差的冲击强度。2.Macro inclusions宏观夹杂物Steels in accordance with STD4153 must be delivered by steel works approved according to STD4273. 钢必需符STD4153，通过由钢铁厂颁发的可接受的STD4153。3.Austenite grain size奥氏体晶粒尺寸All quenched and tempered steels shall be fine grained. The

23、average grain size in quenched and tempered state shall be maximum 60 m, corresponding to ISO index G=5. The largest observed grain must not be larger than 120 m.The grain size shall be etched out according to SS-EN ISO 643, “Steels - Micrographic determination of the apparent grain size (ISO 643:20

24、03) ”. 所有淬火和回火的调质钢均为微细晶粒。淬火和回火态的平均晶粒尺寸为60m，对应的ISO指数为5。最大的观察到的细粒度不得大于120m。 晶粒尺寸应根据SS-EN ISO 643来被腐蚀，“表面晶粒度尺寸（ISO 643:2003）由钢的显微测定来决定。”4. Reduction factor 折减系数The reduction factor of the cross-sectional area in bars and before forging shall generally be not less than 6. 在杆和锻造前的横截面的面积的折减系数一般不小于6。5. Req

25、uirements of hardenability可硬化性能力的要求When steels are specified with no requirements in regard to hardenability, the chemical composition requirement according to section 6, “Chemical composition”must be fulfilled. 钢在可硬化性方面没有要求，化学成分的要求在第6节的，必须满足“化学成分”的要求。When steels are specified with requirements of h

26、ardenability according to band H (Harden-ability) or with restricted hardenability according to band HL (Hardenability Low) or band HH (Hardenability High), the harden-ability values in section 14.2 ”Hardenability according to Jominy?shall be applicable in addition to the requirements of chemical co

27、mposition according to section 6 “Chemical composition”See example in section 16, ”Material indication on drawing? 当钢是根据带H要求可硬化性规定（硬性能力）或者根据带HL（低可硬化性能力）或波段HH（可硬化性能力高），可硬化性能力值在第14.2节“根据端淬可硬化性能力？应适用于所规定的化学成分见第16节的第6条“化学成分”，“图纸上有指明材料吗？Page9(62)6. Chemical composition化学成分Checking and accounting of chemi

28、cal composition must adhere to STD3732.Reference steel is the standard steel on which Scania steel is based.化学成分的检查和统计必需和STD3732相一致。Additives such as calcium, lead, bismuth or tellurium must not be used in order to improve the workability of the steel without written permission from Scania. 添加剂如钙、铅、

29、铋或碲不能用以改善钢的性能且未经Scania书面许可的。6.1Quenching and tempering steels淬火和回火的调质钢Stated chemical values correspond to SS-EN 10083-2 and SS-EN 10083-3. 标明的化学值对应SS-EN 10083-2和SS-EN 100833. Table 1 Conventional quenching and tempering steels表1 常规淬火和回火的调质钢Scaniastal/steelReferensstal/ReferenceSteel 参照钢材C%Si%maxMn%

30、P%maxS%Cr%Mo%Ni%Ovrigt/Others % 其他%91672C45R0,42-0,500,400,50-0,800,0300,020-0,040max0,40max0,10max0,40Cr+Mo+Ni max 0,639222038CrS20,35-0,420,400,50-0,800,0250,020-0,0400,40-0,60-9225437CrS40,34-0,410,400,60-0,900,0250,020-0,0400,90-1,20-9224541CrS40,38-0,450,400,60-0,900,0250,020-0,0400,90-1,20-922

31、2525CrMoS40,22-0,290,400,60-0,900,0250,020-0,0400,90-1,200,15-0,30-9223434CrMoS40,30-0,370,400,60-0,900,0250,020-0,0400,90-1,200,15-0,30-9224442CrMoS40,38-0,450,400,60-0,900,0250,020-0,0400,90-1,200,15-0,30-9254134CrNiMo60,30-0,380,400,50-0,800,025max最大0,0351,30-1,700,15-0,301,30-1,70-9223051CrV40,4

32、7-0,550,400,70-1,100,025max0,0250,90-1,20-V=0,10-0,25Table 2 Boron steels 表2 硼钢Stated chemical values correspond to SS-EN 10083-3. 标明的化学值对应SS-EN 100833Scaniastal/Steel Scania钢 Reference steel参照钢材C%Si%max 最大Mn%P 1)%max 最大S%Cr%B%9213327MnCrB5-20,24-0,300,401,10-1,400,0350,020-0,0400,30-0,600.0008-0,00

33、509213833MnCrB5-20,30-0,360,401,20-1,500,0350,020-0,0400,30-0,600.0008-0,00509213939MnCrB6-20,36-0,420,401,40-1,700,0350,020-0,0400,30-0,600.0008-0,00501) For direct hardening, the P-content must not exceed 0,020 %直接硬化，其中的磷含量不得超过0.020%。Table 3 Tool steel 表3 工具钢Stated chemical values correspond to SS

34、-EN ISO 4957. 标明的化学值对应SS-EN ISO 4957.ScaniaCSiMnPSCrSsteel钢Reference steel参照钢%92258102Cr60,95-1,100,15-0,350,25-0,45max0,030max0,0301,35-1,659 6.2 Precipitation hardening steels 沉淀硬化钢Stated chemical values correspond to SS-EN 10267. 标明的化学值对应SS-EN ISO 10267.Table 4 Precipitation hardening steels 表4 沉

35、淀硬化钢ScaniaSteel钢Reference steel参照钢C%Si%Mn%P%Max最大S%V%Cr%maxMo%maxN%9214319MnVS60,15-0,220,15-0,801,20-1,600,0250,020-0,0600,08-0,200,300,080,010-0,0209214430MnVS60,26-0,330,15-0,801,20-1,600,0250,020-0,0600,08-0,200,300,080,010-0,020921451)38MnVS60,34-0,410,15-0,801,20-1,600,0250,020-0,0600,08-0,200

36、,300,080,010-0,0209214646MnVS60,42-0,490,15-0,801,20-1,600,0250,020-0,0600,08-0,200,300,080,010-0,020921782)46MnVS30,42-0,490,15-0,800,60-1,000,0250,020-0,0600,08-0,200,300,080,010-0,0201).Steel 92145 can be used as a replacement of steel 92178.92145钢可作为替代钢921782).This steel must not be used for new

37、 designs.此钢不得用于新的设计。7.Forms of supply 供应形式All steels can be supplied in forms of bars or forgings. 所有的钢材都可以以棒或锻件形式来提供。208.Mechanical properties 力学性能8.1Quenching and tempering steels 淬火和回火调质钢Given tensile strength and hardness interval for quenched and tempered condition are the highest that can be a

38、chieved with the given material thickness. Through increased tempering temperature, lower hardness values can be achieved. 淬火和回火条件下的抗拉强度和硬度区间是最高的，可以达到与给定材料的厚度。通过提高回火温度，可以达到较低的硬度值。Hardness interval is in general indicated on drawings, as is evident by tables 5 up to 15. Corresponding values for mecha

39、nical properties are for information purposes only.Possible specific demands for mechanical properties must be indicated on the drawing, as well as the position where to take out test samples. 硬度的间隔是一般表示在图纸上，因是明显的标示在表5至15。机械性能的相应的值仅供信息参考。可能具体要求的机械性能必须在绘图中指出，以及取出试样的位置。Possible requirements for harden

40、ability must be indicated according to section 14.2,Hardenability according to Jominy? This means an additional requirement in addition to the existing requirements of chemical composition, hardness and mechanical properties. 淬透性的要求必须按照14.2节的说明，“根据顶端淬淬透性"这意味着除了化学成分这一个额外的要求外，还有硬度和机械性能的现有要求。See f

41、urther examples in section 16, ”Material indication on drawing? 进一步例子见第16节，“图纸上的材料显示吗"Table 5 Steel 91672 表5 钢91672Conditions 条件Thickness 厚度mmYeld stress Re 屈服力/mm2Tensile抗拉强度strengthRmN/mm2Elonga-tion延伸率min %Reduction of area Z min%最小减少区ZImpact strength KV min J影响强度Hardness 硬度HBSoftAnnealed软化退

42、火-max 207Normalised,正常化Untreated未处理Round <16 Flat <16340min 62014min 185Normalised,正常化Untreated未处理Round <100 /Flat <100305min 58016min 170Normalised,正常化Untreated未处理Round <250Flat <250275min 56016min 165Quenched and tempered淬火和回火Round <16 Flat <8490700-850143525205-250Quenched

43、 and tempered淬火和回火Quenched and temperedRound 16-40Flat 8-20430650-800164025195-235Quenched and tempered淬火和回火Quenched and temperedRound 40-100Flat 20-60370630-780174525185-230Tabell 6 Stal 92220Table 6Steel 92220 表6 钢92220Conditions 条件Thickness 厚度mmYeld stress Re 屈服力/mm2Tensile抗拉强度strengthRmN/mm2Elon

44、ga-tion延伸率min %Reduction of area Z min%最小减少区ZImpact strength KV min J影响强度Hardness 硬度HBSoftAnnealed 软化退火-max 207Quenched and tempered淬火和回火Round <16Flat <8550800-950143535235-280Quenched and tempered淬火和回火Quenched and temperedRound 16-40 /Flat 8-20450700-850154035205-250Quenched and tempered淬火和回火

45、Seghardat/Quenched and temperedRound 40-100 Flat 20-60350600-750174535180-220able 7 Steel 92254 表7 钢92254Conditions 条件Thickness 厚度mmYeld stress Re 屈服力/mm2Tensile抗拉强度strengthRmN/mm2Elonga-tion延伸率min %Reduction of area Z min%最小减少区ZImpact strength KV min J影响强度Hardness 硬度HBSoftAnnealed 软化退火-max 235Quenc

46、hed and tempered淬火和回火Round <16Flat <8750950-1150113530280-340Quenched and tempered淬火和回火Quenched and temperedRound16-40Flat 8-20630850-1000134035250-295Quenched and tempered淬火和回火Seghardat/Quenched and temperedRound 40-100Flat 20-60510750-900144035220-265Table 8Steel 92245 表8 钢92245Conditions 条件

47、Thickness 厚度mmYeld stress Re 屈服力/mm2Tensile抗拉强度strengthRmN/mm2Elonga-tion延伸率min %Reduction of area Z min%最小减少区ZImpact strength KV min J影响强度Hardness 硬度HBSoftAnnealed 软化退火Quenched and tempered淬火和回火Quenched and tempered淬火和回火Quenched and temperedQuenched and tempered淬火和回火Seghardat/Quenched and tempered-

48、max 241Quenched and tempered淬火和回火Quenched and tempered淬火和回火Quenched and temperedQuenched and tempered淬火和回火Seghardat/Quenched and temperedQuenched and tempered淬火和回火Seghardat/Quenched and temperedRound <16 Flat <8Round16-40 Flat 8-20Round 40-100 Flat 20-60Runt/Round <16 Platt/Flat <8800100

49、0-1200113030295-355Quenched and tempered淬火和回火Quenched and tempered淬火和回火Quenched and tempered淬火和回火Quenched and temperedQuenched and tempered淬火和回火Seghardat/Quenched and temperedRound16-40 Flat 8-20660900-1050123535265-310Quenched and tempered淬火和回火Quenched and tempered淬火和回火Quenched and tempered淬火和回火Que

50、nched and temperedQuenched and tempered淬火和回火Seghardat/Quenched and temperedRound 40-100 Flat 20-60560800-950144035235-280Table 9 Steel 92225 表9钢92225Conditions条件Thickness厚度mmYeld stress Re 屈服力Re min N/mm2Tensile抗拉强度strengthRmN/mm2Elonga-tion 延伸率最小n %Reduction of area Z min%最小减少区Impact strength KV mi

51、n J影响强度Hard-ness强度HBSoft-max 212Annealed软化回火QuenchedRound <16700900-1100125045265-325and tempered淬火和回火Flat <8QuenchedRound 16-40600800-950145550235-280and temperedFlat 8-20QuenchedRound 40-100450700-850156050205-250and temperedFlat 20-60QuenchedRound 100-160400650-800166045195-235and temperedFlat 60-100Table 10 Steel 92234 表10 钢92234-Brott-Forlang-Kontrak-Slagseg-Hard-gransningtionhethetConditions条件Conditions 条件Thickness 厚度mmYeld stress Re 屈服力/mm2Tensile抗拉强度strengthRmN/mm2Elonga-tion延伸率min %Reduction of area Z min%最小减少区ZIm