不定式与动名词的区别

1、动词不定式和动名词是英语非谓语动词的两个重要局部一、作主语1、不定式作主语 ：动词不定式可直接用作主语, 句子的谓语动词常用单数。To get there by bike will take us half an hour. 对于主语较长的不定式，可以用it作形式主语。例如：It's our duty to take good care of the old. How long did it take you to finish the work It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter

2、of an hour. It seemed impossible to save money. It's kind of you to help me with my English.2、动名词作主语：动名词也可直接用作主语，或者用it 作形式主语。例如：Learning without practice is no good. It's no good reading in dim light. It's no use sitting here waiting. It's dangerous swimming in the sea in windy days.

3、 There is no saying what will happen next. 3、动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1) 不定式作主语经常表示具体动作，或者表示将要进行的动作。而动名词作主语经常表示抽象的一般性的动作。例如：It's no good for you to eat so much fat. (有具体的人for you)It's no good eating too much fat. (泛指)(2) 不定式的逻辑主语常用of, for 表示；动名词逻辑主语那么常用物主代词、名词、代词表示。例如：It is stupid of you to write dow

4、n everything the teacher says. (of you)It's no use your pretending that you didn't know the rules. (your)The doctor suggested them having their health check-up once a year.二、作宾语 1、不定式作宾语(1) 以下动词后, 一般只用不定式作宾语.如:agree, attempt ，apply，ask, aim, arrange, beg，choose, decide, demand, expect, fail

5、, help, hope, lean, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish afford等。I decided to ask for my money back. I decided that I would ask for my money back. When our visit to the farm was over, we expected to start back on foot. When our visit to the farm was over, we expected th

6、at we would start back on foot. (2) 不定式可 先用it 做形式宾语。We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.He feels it his duty to help the poor. 2、动名词作宾语 (1) 以下动词后, 一般只用动名词作宾语, 如:admit, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, finish, keep, imagine, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, save,

7、 suggest, don't mind, give up, insist, on, put off 等。I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town. You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm to your health. (2) 介词后只能接动名词做宾语I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying at home. What about inviting Li Jun

8、 to make a speech (3) 少数特殊结构中只用动名词做宾语。它们可以看作是省略的介词的形式。例如：have difficulty (in) doing sth. have no trouble (in) doing sth. lose no ti me (in) doing sth. prevent/stop(from) doing sth. there is no use (in) doing sth.3、不定式与动名词做宾语的区别 (1) 动词后是接不定式还是动名词作宾语，主要是根据使用习惯。有些动词后一般只接不定式作宾语，而另一些那么只用动名词作宾语。详见上面的说明。(2

9、) 介词后只能接动名词作宾语；还有少数结构后只用动名词作宾语。详见上面的说明。(3) 在need, want, require 等后表示被动意义时，不定式要用被动语态，而动名词不需要。例如：My bike needs to be repaired. My bike needs repairing.(4) 英语中，有些动词动词后既可接不定式也可接动名词，意义区别不大，如：begin, continue, start, hate, like, love, need, require, want 等. 但在以下情况下, 一般要用不定式: * would(should) 与 hate, like, l

10、ove 连用时：I'd like to have a cup of coffee. *当begin, continue, start 等是进行式时The students are starting to work on the difficult maths problem. *当begin, continue, start与know, understand 等连用时：I soon began to understand what was happening. 4、局部动词后接不定式或动名词时, 意义差异较大。 (1) forget, remember, regret 后接不定式, 表

11、示现在或未来的动作, 接动名词表示动作已经发生。如: Don't forget fo post the letter for me. (信还没有寄出)Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport (已见过她)Remember to close the windows before you leave. (窗户还没有关)I remember writing him a letter a year ago. (信已写过)We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited to at

12、tend the meeting. They regretted ordering these books from abroad. (2) mean to do 打算做某事 / mean doing 意味着 I meant to catch up with the early bus. This means wasting a lot of money. (3) try to do 设法尽力做某事 / try doing 试着做某事 You should try to overcome your shortcomings. Try working out the physics proble

13、m in another way. (4) stop to do 停下当前事去做另一件事/ stop doing 停止当前事 On the way to the airport, I stopped to buy a paper. You'd better stop arguing and do as you are told. (5) can't help doing 禁不住 / can't help to do不能帮助干 They couldn't help jumping up at the news. Sorry I have lots of work

14、to do. So I can't help to make up the roomfor you. (6) go on to do 去做另外一件/ go on doing 继续做此事He went on to talk about world situation.他接着又谈了世界形势. We'll go on fighting so long as there is oppression in the world. (7) leave off to do 去做另外一件事/ leave off doing 停下当前事 It's time to leave off tal

15、king and to start acting. They left off to go fishing. 三、做表语不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作; 动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。 To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter. What I would suggest is to put off the meeting. Our work is serving the people. What

16、he likes is taking a walk after supper. The story told by Mr. Wang is interesting. 四、作定语 1、不定式作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后。 The next train to arrive is from Washington. Have you anything to be taken to your sister Do you have anything to say on the question Would you please give me some paper to write on My wish

17、 to visit France has come true at last. 2、动名词作定语时，放在修饰的名词前面。This passage can be used as listening materials. The reading room of our school library can hold 800people. All moving bodies have energy. 注意：下一句中的standing 不是动名词，而现在分词短语：he man standing at the school gate is Professor Hua. 五、不定式作补足语 不定式可以用作

18、宾语补足语，而动名词不用作宾语补足语有些情况下不定式的to 可以省略。 1、不定式作宾语补足语 常用不定式作宾补的动词有:allow, ask, advise, beg, cause, drive (强迫), encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, would like(love, hate), order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish 等，以及短语动词有:ask for, care for, call on, count on, depend on, wait for, long for

19、, prepare for, wish for 等。Would you like me to give your regards to Mary I want you to understand the whole passage clearly. We all believe John(to be)honest. I consider him(to be)one of the best biology teachers of No. 1 Middle School. We consider him to have been foolish. I didn't hear anyone

20、say anything about it. They make the students do too much homework every day. The students are made to do too much homework every day. Would you please help me(to) fill in the tax form I've never known her(to)be late before.He was known to have been to France before. You may depend on them to be

21、 there early. The Party calls on us to increase production and practise economy. 2、不定式作主语补足语He was not allowed to enter the classroom for being late. The young university student is considered to have great promise. 六、不定式作状语 不定式可以用作状语，而动名词不用作状语。下面只说一下不定式作状语的用法。1、表示目的 I stayed there to see what would

22、 happen. Henry has decided to go to the hospital to be examined by the doctor. Bob took down my telephone number so as(in order)not to forget it. I stayed there so that (in order that)I could see what would happen.2、表示原因 We are glad to hear the news. I was surprised to see that a three-year-old baby

23、 could write so well. The question raised by the student is difficult to answer. The room is really comfortable to live in. 3、表示结果 We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy. I'm not so stupid(a fool) as to put it in writing. I'm not such a stupid fool as to put it in wr

24、iting. The speed is high enough for us to catch up with the first liner. Jane hurried back only to find her mother dying in the hospital. I'm too tired to stay up longer. 注意：在以下结构中, tooto并非是"太而不能"之意。 I'm only too glad to have passed the exam.考试及格我太快乐了。(不定式做原因状语) We have too much to

25、 learn.我们要学的太多了。(不定式作定语). 4、不定式用作独立成份 常见的短语有to be exact (确切地说) to begin with (首先) to do him justice (说句对他公正的话)to be sure (真的) To tell the truth, the play was a great disappointment tome. 七、疑问词+不定式结构 动名词没有这种结构。When to leave for London has not been decided yet. Mr. Smith didn't know whether to lea

26、ve or stay there. I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. The question was where to get the medicine needed. 八、动词不定式与动名词的的时态、语态 1、动词不定式的时态 不定式时态有三种形式： (1) 一般式：表示动作发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生。 I hope to become a university student this year.We often hear Dick play the piano in the next room.(2) 完成式: 表示的动作

27、发生在谓语动词之前。I'm sorry to have kept you waiting. We are too young to have seen the old society. (3) 进行式:表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生.如: The teacher happened to be correcting our papers when I came in. They seemed to be discussing something important. 2、不定式的被动语态 It's a great honor to be invited to Mary's birthday party.It was impossible for lost time to