托福名词(必须讲)

1、A. 重要的可数名词discovery, cloud, mineral, metal, material, substance, population, effort, effect, animal, plant, mammal, insect, tree, herb, shrub, element, function, feature, picture, result, clue, star, reason, audience, device, structure, human , human being, system, fashion, kind, resource, source, o

2、rigin, pioneer, automobile, purpose, style, response, number, amount, variety, quantity, typeB. 常见的不可数名词poemjewela offurniture, luggage, clothing, equipment, poetry, jewelry, machinery, weaponry, scenery, information, knowledge, homework, evidence (that), foliage, advertising, healthC. 常见的不规则名词be ba

3、sed on*tooth, foot 一定错 a man teacher ; 2 men teachers man-men, woman-women, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, goose-geese, basis-bases, analysis-analyses, crisis-crises, axis-axes, hypothesis-hypotheses, alga-algae, lava-laver, fungus-fungi, stimulus-stimuli, datum- data, medium-media, bacterium-bacteria, spe

4、ctrum-spectra, mouse-mice, child-children = people , phenomenon-phenomenaD 常见的单复数同形的名词aircraft, spacecraft 等 craft 结尾的词 （an aircraft / ten aircraft） species, series,means(mean 不加 s 不是名词 ) (a species / ten species )sheep, deer, trout（鳟鱼） , carp（鲤鱼） , salmon, fish-（two fish / a fish ）精选文库1. 物质名词不可数：wa

5、ter, coal, rain, steel, sunlight = U nouns( excessive rains: 过量的雨水； a heavy rain 一场大雨； the rains: 雨季)2. 抽象名词不可数evidence证据不可数， intelligence 不可数，advice 建议皆不可数3. 学科不可数mathematics, economics, statistics, physics,politics, mechanics, genetics, geology, geography, chemistry, philosophy, biology, history,

6、ecology4. 疾病不可数 : measles, mumps(腮腺炎 ) , diabetes(糖尿病 )5. 总称不可数 machinery； weaponry； citizenry鱼类一般单复同形6. 单数复数意义有差异的名词 （可以不讲 ）sky-skies(气候 ) water-waters(水系，永远不错 )good-goods(货物 ) part-parts(才能 )custom=customs(海关 ) spectacle(风景 )-spectacles(眼镜 )letter-letters(文人 ) arm-arms(武器 )force-forces (武装力量 )7. 即

7、可数又不可数的名词不可数 可数paper 纸 文件rock 碎岩 块岩brick 砖料，砖块-2精选文库Stone: 石料，石头sugar 砂糖 方糖work 作品；工作著作；工厂，工程，工事room 空间 房间time 时间 倍数，时代* art ：art 泛指艺术不可数一种艺术an art各种各样的艺术artseighteen pieces of paper 十八张纸eighteen newspapers十八种报纸此类：强调种类就属于可数二、名词作定语的单复数问题a man teacher/ two men teachers(A) 名词作主语， 即 noun.修饰 noun.,前面的名词必

8、须是单数color effects, employment agencies, sentence forms, tree trunks（干）例外： a sales girl, a sales taxa greetings card, a sports cara savings bank, a communications satellitea systems engineering,surroundings, clothes(B)man 或 woman 修饰 noun.时，其单复数应该同时变 a woman boxer->women boxers, men teachers(C)表示某一

9、学科的教授、学生、教科书、实验室.时，只能用学科名本身修饰-3精选文库a mathematical professor 错a mathematics professora biological textbook 错 : a biology textbookthe chemical lab 错a chemistry labthe highest science award 错a mathematical model 对三、重要的 限定词 : 用在名词前面(A) many + 复数 men, people, books much + 不可数 n time, water看见 many 去找复数名词W

10、e have asmany students as 26.You can take as manystudents as you like.as much as50 percent of the money不可数不可数many 和 much 可为代词many of., much of., .by many(B)some, any 后跟单/复数 , 不可数 /可数 均可some object 某一物体some objects 一些物体some money 一些钱some time也可作代词： some of., any of.(C)few/a few, little/a little-4精选文库

11、few students / a few studentsa little English, little water+可数 +不可数few+复数(D)every/each + 单可each major styles 错each ten boys 对every four years 对(E)数词 /several + 复数five aircraft 对several setting 错(F)one of/among + 复数* be considered (to be) +noun./adj. be regarded asbe viewed as (G)first/only/single +

12、单/复均可the first school 第一所学校the first schools 第一批学校a single + 单可 = onea single student = one studentno single + 复可(H)hundred, thousand, million, billion-5精选文库five hundred boys, hundreds ofboys, hundred million boys thousands ofstudents,millions of(I)another + 单可another personother + 复名 (纯粹的 other)oth

13、er personsany other+ 单可例外： other part .(part 永远对 )(J) a number of + 复 noun. + 复 Verb the number of + 复 noun. + 单 verbA number of studentsare interested in sports.The number of the studentsis 26.限定词：(1)Many, a number of, a large number of, a great many, few, a few, A great many people / students(2) Mu