完整虚拟语气用法表格归纳图21856

1、虚拟语气在 if 引导的条 件句 中的 用法三点：表示 于现 在事 实相反的虚拟条件句表示 与过 去事 实相反的拟条件句第四章虚拟语气（一）状语从句中的虚拟语气从句（条件）主句（目的）If+ 主语 +动词的过去式（be 用 were） 主语 +would(should could might)+ 动词 If I had time, I would attend the 原型 meeting.If+ 主语 +had+动词的过去分词主语 +would（should could might）+have+If he had hurried, he could have 动词的过去分词 caught t

2、he train.表示 与将 来事 实相反的虚拟条件句1、 If+ 主语 +动词过去式2、 If+ 主语 +were to+ 动词原形3、 If+ 主语 +should +动词原形If I were to go abroad, I would go to America.主语 +would（could should might）+动词原型错综 时间 条件 句 有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这是动作的形主 从句 时间 不一 式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。致的 情况 下的 虚拟语气If you had followed my advice, you would be be

3、tter now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.有时虚拟条件句并没用 if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语（ otherwise ， or ， without ，but for ）上下文或其他方式来表示。含蓄条件句She would have died without my help.。在 if 引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中， 有时可以把虚拟条件中的连词 if 省去，而将 had， should， were 等助动词提到主语之前。例：原句： 1: If she were younger, s

4、he,would do it. 去 if ： Were she younger, she would do it.2: If you had come earlier, you would have met him. 条件从句中省略 if 去 if: Had you come earlier, you would have met him 采用 倒装 语序 的情况3:If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.去 if:Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.1.表示与现在

5、事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。He treats the boy as if he were his own son.精选文库2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。He spoke as if he had known about it.虚拟语气在 as if/as 3表示与将来事实相反， (表示将来的可能性不大 ),用 would (might, could)+ though 引导的方式 动词原形状语从句中He acts as if he could win in the game .注意： 1.在 as if/as though 句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气

6、。例： He looks as if he going to be ill.2.as though或 as if 引导的状语从句，从句主语和主句主语相同时，从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。虚拟语气用在lest，for fear that，so that及 in order that 引导谓语动词多用 should/could/might+动词原型构成的目 的状 语从 句中For fear that it may rain tomorrow, we should bring an umbrella.表示“以防，以免”等意思（ should）+动词原型“In case”引导的从句中即可用陈述句，例：

7、1.The game will be put off in case it (should) snow.也可以用虚拟语气2.The game will be put off in case it snows.（二）名词性从句中的虚拟语气一：宾语从句中的虚拟对现在情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去式或过去进行式。语气I wish (that) I were a bird.1.在动词 wish/hope 后的对过去情况的虚拟： 从句谓语动词用过去完成时， 或 would ，could，might+宾语从句中的虚拟语气 ,表示一种不可能实现的现在完成时。愿望。I wish (that) I had se

8、en the film last night.对将来情况的虚拟：从句谓语“ would/should/could/might+ 动词原形”。I wish (that) I wouldcould go.均以“ should+动词原型”表示这种语气，“should”常被省略。We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.-2精选文库常用的此类动词有：在表示建议，命令，要表示“提议，劝告，建议”的：propose, suggest, recommen

9、d, advise.求，忠告，等动词的后表示“要求”的： ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg面的宾语从句中的虚拟表示“同意，坚持”的：insist语气表示“决定，命令”的：decide, order注意：suggest, insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时， 即它们用于其本意暗示，表明，坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。The smile on his face suggested暗(示） that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted 【坚持认为】 that he had nev

10、er stolen the money.Would rather，had rather，后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气“It is(was)+形容词（或过去分词） +that .”结构中的虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来相反 I would rather you told me the truth.用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示“宁愿做什么”或“对过去做的事的懊悔”。I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.注意： 1.若某人愿自己做某事， would rather 后用动词原型2.would rather .than 中用动词原型I

11、would rather do it by myself.I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.主语从句中的虚拟语气表达形式为 should+动词原形或省略shouldIt s quite necessary that we should have a walk now.常用的形容词：natural，appropriate，advisable，necessary，important，urgent，probable， possible，desirable，strange。注意：在上述所列形容词后面用 that 引出的宾语从句中

12、， 谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。例： I dontthink it advisable that tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.(汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的 ).表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。 It s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.-3精选文库这类名词有： advice，decision，desire，demand，idea，order，pity ，proposal，在 “ Itis (was)+ 名 词，wish，wonder等

13、。recommendationsuggestionsurprise+that.”结构句中的虚拟语气二表语从句或同位语从句中的虚拟语气表达形式为 should+动词原型或直接用动词原型。某些表示建议，请求，My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it.命令等主观意向的名词We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.做主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用在 It is demanded/suggested/ordered/r

14、equired.虚拟语气that-clause句型中从句用 (should )+动词原型It is demanded that we should work out a plan.这类名词常见的有： demand，desire，requirement，advice，recommendation，suggestion， order， necessity， proposal， plan， idea。在 It is (about/high) time+that定语从句中的虚拟语气表示“该做 .的时候其动词形式用一般过去时或should+动词原型了”It is high time that you w

15、ent/ should go to school.注意：在 this is the first time/ second time that.句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。This is the second time that we have achieved such a great success.选择题1. If only he _quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie2. How I wish ev

16、ery family _a large house with a beautiful garden.A. has B. had C. will have D. had had3. You did not let me drive. If we _in turn, you _ so tiredA. drove; didn t getB. drove; wouldn t get C. were driving; wouldn t getD. had driven ; wouldn t have got4. _it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off th

17、e visit to the Yangpu Bridge A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will-4精选文库5. I suggested the person _ to be put into prison A. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken7. I insisted _

18、to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with him A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is8. -Your aunt invites you to the movies today-I had rather she _ me tomorrow than todayA. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told9. -Would you have called her up had i

19、t been possible-Yes, but I _busy doing my homeworkA. was B. were C. had been D. would be10. I was ill that day, otherwise I _ the sports meetA. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in11._the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easilyA. Had it no

20、t been forB. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for12.If my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _ me from goingA. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would preventC. were, preventD. were, would have prevented13._hard, he would have passed the examA. If he were to work B. Had he

21、 worked C. Should he work D. Were he to work 14. _today, he would get there by FridayA. Were he to leaveB. If he had left C. Did he to leave D. Had he left 15. Had you listened to the doctor, you _all right nowA. areB. were C. would beD. would have been16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. I

22、f she _, she would have met my brother A. has come B. did come C. come D. had come17. He _busy yesterday, or he _you with your experiment.A. was, had helpedB. was, would have helpedC. had been, would have helped D. were, wouldhave helped18. If it _for the snow, we_ the mountain yesterdayA. were not,

23、 could have climb B. were not, could climb C. had not been, could have climbed D. hadn t been, could climb19.Without electricity, human life _quite difficult todayA. isB. will beC. would have been D. would be20.-I am going to tell her the news-I would as soon you _her about itA. didn t tellB. don t

24、tell C. hadnD. wonttell t tell21.Mike s father, as well as his mother, insisted he _homeA. stayed B. could stayC. has stayedD. stay22.It was requested that the play _againA. should put onB. would put onC. be put on D. put on23.She insisted that a doctor _ immediatelyA. had sent for B. send C. be sen

25、t forD. was sent24. -Did you scold him for his carelessness-Yes, but _it-5精选文库A. I d rather not doB. I d rather not have done C. I should Dtdo.I d better not do25.If only I _my carA. hadn t lostB. wouldn t lose C. didn t loseD. haven t lost26.But for water, it _impossible to live in the earthA. isB.

26、 wouldC. were D. wouldn t be27.I would rather you _anything about it for the time beingA. doB. didn t Cdo. don tD.didn t28.The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he _ their own sonA. isB. were C. had been D. should be29. How the old people wish that they _young once more A. wer

27、e B. could become C. had been D. should be30. It is high time that we _ a meeting to discuss this problemA. holdB. heldC. have heldD. had held31.The thief closed his eyes _ he _dyingA. even if , wasB. though, would beC. even, had beenD. as if, were32.I wish that you _ such a bad headache because I a

28、m sure that you would have enjoyed the concertA. had notB. did not have hadC. hadn t hadD. hadn t have33.The chairman insisted that we _the question againA. will discussB. to discussC. should discussD. will be discussed34.He requested that the students _them get in cropsA. helpB. to helpC. helpedD.

29、helping35.The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _the rulesA. obeysB. Obey C. will obey D. would obey36.I wish I _here thenA. wasB. had been C. were D. would be37.It is strange that he _back so earlyA. cameB. will come C. had come D. should have come38.Mother suggested that I _my homework fir

30、st before watching TVA. didB. doC. shall do D. have done39.My suggestion is that the meeting _off till nest SundayA. be putB. putC. should putD. had been put40.He is talking so much about America as if he _ thereA. had been B. has been C. wasD. been41.The teacher demanded that the exam _ before elev

31、enA. must finishB. would be finishedC. be finishedD. must be finished42.-Sorry, Joe. I did not mean to-Don t call me“ Joe” , I am Mr. Parker to you, and _ you forget it!A. doB. didntC. didD. don t43.I did not attend the lecture by Pro. Jackson. I _ but I _ all this morningA. would, have washed B. co

32、uld, have been washing C. would have, have been washingD. could have, had washing44. How I wish I _ to repair the watch! I only made it worse A. had tried B. hadn t triedC. have triedD. didn t try45. -How could I thank you enough?-Don t mention it. Any other man _itA. must doB. could do C. would hav

33、e doneD. should have done-6精选文库46. Key European governments insist Iraq-operationsco_ good and military action_ to allowinspections to continueA. be, be delayedB. is, delayC. should be, be delayed D. is , be delayed47. If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, _more deathsA. it would have b

34、eenB. it would beC. there would beD. there would have been48. What the customers_ from the company is that the goods _ right to their homes. A. requested, deliver B. demand, be deliveredC. request, should deliver D. demand, delivered49. If law-breakers _ the society will be in disorderA. made unpunished B. came unpunished C. went unpunished D. not punis