北师课改版初二年级英语第三单元知识点

1、一语法：形容词副词的比较级和最高级:一）形容词和副词的比较级1. 概念：形容词和副词的比较级用于两者（人或事物）之间的比较，意为“更.”,说明“前者比后者更 .”.2. 构成：1）规则变化：(1) 单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词，在词尾加 -er 。calm calmersmartsmarterfast faster(2) 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的形容词和副词，在词尾直接加 -r 。nice nicerfine finerlate later(3 ) 以单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的形容词和副词，双写该辅音字母，再加-er 。big biggerthin thinnerhot hotter(

2、4) 以“辅音字母 +y 结尾的 ”，把 “y” 变为 “i ”，再加 “-er ”。early earlierhappyhappiereasyeasier(5) 多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词在原级前加more。popular more populardifficultlymore difficultly(6) 由“动词 +后缀 -ing/-ed ” 构成的形容词，在词尾前加 erestingmore interestingboredmore bored(7) 由“形容词 +后缀 -ly ” 构成的副词，在该副词前加 more 构成比较级。slowly more slowly

3、happily more happily记忆口诀：比较级，要变化，一般词尾加er 。词尾若有哑音e，直接加 r 就可以。单辅重读闭音节，末尾字母要双写。辅音字母若加 y，记得把 y 变成 i.1形副音节 123，比较等级 more 在前。2）不规则变化：good/well betterbad/ill/badlyworsemany/muchmorelittlelessfar farther(更远的 )/further（进一步）old older （作表语） /elder （作定语）This is my elder brother.He is older.3. 用法：（1）用于两者之间的比较，表示

4、两者之间的差异。构成：主语 +谓语 +形容词或副词的比较级 +than+ 比较对象They have more apples than us.（ 2) 比较级 +and+比较级more and more+ 原级（多音节或者部分双音节形容词和副词）意为 “越来越 . ”Our city is becoming cleaner and cleaner.Tom is walking more and more slowly.（3)the+ 比较级， the+ 比较级意为 “越.，就越 .”.The more you read, the more you know.（4)as.as.意为 “与.一样

5、.”,否定形式 not as/ so.as,意为 “不如 .,与.不一样 ”也是一种表示比较级的形式，但as 与 as 之间用形容词或副词的原级。This room is not as/so big as that one.=This room is smaller than that one.（5) 形容词的比较级用于 .of the two.的结构中，比较级前要加定冠词the.2He is the more athletic of the two boys.（6) 比较级前可使用even, much, rather, far, a little, a bit, a lot等形容词或副词短语

6、进行修饰，表示程度。 （四个很多）This trip is even more difficult.I am a little heavier than Lucy.二）形容词和副词的最高级：1. 概念：形容词和副词的最高级用于三者或者三者以上的人或事之间的比较。在表示最高程度，即其中一个在某方面 “最. ” 时使用。2. 构成：1) 规则变化：(1) 单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词，在词尾加 -est 。long longestclever cleverestfast fastest(2) 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的形容词和副词，在词尾直接加 -st 。nice nicestcute cute

7、stlate latest(3) 以单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节形容词和副词，双写该辅音字母，再加-est 。big biggestthin thinnesthot hottest(4) 以“辅音字母 +y 结尾的 ”，把 “y” 变为 “i ”，再加 “-est ”。early earliesthappyhappiesteasyeasiest(5) 多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词在原级前加most。popular most populardifficultlymost difficultly(6) 由“动词 +后缀 -ing/-ed ” 构成的形容词，在词尾前加 eresti

8、ngmost interestingboredmost bored(7) 由“形容词 +后缀 -ly ” 构成的副词，在该副词前加 most 构成比较级。slowly most slowlyhappily most happily32) 不规则变化：good/well bestbad/ill/badlyworstmany/muchmostlittleleastfar farthest/furthestold oldest/eldest3. 用法：（1）注意： A. 最高级前一般要加定冠词the ，副词最高级前的定冠词通常省略。B句子中常含有表示比较范围的介词of 或 in.of+表示一群人或事

9、物的名词或代词in+表示单位或场所的名称Bill is the tallest boy of us.Jane has the most friends in our class.(2) 在表达 “第几（大，长，远 . ）”时，序数次后用形容词的最高级形式。He is the first tallest boy in his class.(3) 在表达 “最. 的. 之一 ”时，用最高级，结构： one of the+ 形容词的最高级 +可数名词复数Beijing is one of the biggest cities in our country.(4) 在表达 “某人的最 .的.” 时，最

10、高级前省略定冠词the ，构成：某人的 +形容词的最高级 +名词Linda is my younger sisters best friend.练习：1. 写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式：long_ _wide_ _fat_ _heavy_ _slow_brightly_4far_ _few_ _quickly_ _well_ _exciting_ _old_ _interested_ _many/much_ _2. 用所给词的正确形式填空：1. Bob is _ (young) than Fred but _ (tall) than Fred.2. Ying Tian is not

11、 as _ (tall) as Yong Xian.3.Which is _ (heavy),a hen or a chicken?4.- How _ (tall) is Sally? - She' s 1.55 meters _ (tall).What about Xiaoling?-She' s only 1.40 meters _(tall). She is much _ (short) than Sally.She is also the _ (short) girl in the class.5.He is_ (bad)atlearningmaths.He ismuc

12、h _ (bad)atChineseand he is the _ (bad) at English.6. Annie says Sally is the _ (kind) person in the world.7. He is one of the_(friendly) people in the class, I think.8.An orangeisalittle_ (big)thananapple,butmuch _(small) than a watermelon.9. Saturday is my _ (busy) day in a week.10. Her mother is

13、getting _(fat) and _ (fat).3. 选择填空：1.This box is_ that one.A. heavy thanB. so heavy thanC. heavier asD. as heavy as52.When we speak to people, we should be _.A. as polite as possibleB. as polite as possiblyC. as politely as possibleD. as politely as possibly3.This book is_ that one, but_ than that o

14、ne.A.as difficultas;expensiveB. as more difficultas; moreexpensiveC. as difficult as; more expensiveD. more difficult as; as expensive4.It was very hot yesterday, but it is_ today.A. even hotterB. more hotterC. much more hotD. much hot5.The jacket was so_ that he decided to buy it.A. muchB. littleC.

15、 expensiveD. cheap6.His father is_ than his mother. ;A. older four yearsB. as four years olderC. four years olderD. bigger four years7.When spring comes, it gets_.A. warm and warmB. colder and colderC. warmer and warmerD. shorter and shorter8.At last he began to cry _.A. hard and hardB. more hard an

16、d more hardC. harder and harderD. less hard and less harder9._ I look at the picture, _ I like it.A. The best; the moreB. The more; the lessC. The more; lessD. More; the more10. _ you come back, _ it will be.6A. The quicker; the bestB. The sooner; the betterC. Faster; the betterD. The sooner; better

17、11.I like_ one of the two books.A. the olderB. oldestC. the oldestD. older12.Which is_ country, China or Japan?A. the largeB. the largerC. largerD. largest13.This work is _ for me than for you.A. difficult B. most difficultC. much difficultD. more difficult14.The Changjiang River is one of _ in the

18、world.A. the longest riverB. longest riversC. the longest riversD. longer rivers15.My moon cake is nicer _ his.A. likeB. withC. forD. than16.He jumps the _ of the three.A. farB. furtherC. farthestD. furthest17.My hair is longer than_ .A. my sisterB. KateC. my brothers D. Lucys 18.Tom speaks Chinese

19、_ better than Jimmy.A. moreB. veryC. a lot ofD. much19.Mother is _ in my family.A. busyB. busierC. the busiestD. more busy20.Who listens_, Tom, Jack or Bill?A. the most carefullyB. more carefullyC. the most carefulD. more careful7二. 句型：1）用于提问对人或事物的看法。（1）句型：What.think of.?How.like.?均翻译为 “.认为 .怎么样？ ”H

20、ow.feel about.?(2)eg. What do you think of the weather in Beijing?How do you like the weather in Beijing?How do you feel about the weather in Beijing?(3) 回答：肯定： I love it . / I like it.否定： I don t like it. / I cant stand it.练习：1.-What do you _ your hometown?- I love it very much.A. look atB. talk ab

21、outC. think ofD. like2.- How do you like the movie?-_.A. I love itB. What about you C. No, I dont like itD. Yes, I likeit3. What do you think of the game show?(改为同义句 )_._.4 你认为我们的校规和班规怎么样？（兰州中考）8_ do you_ _ our school rules and class rules?2) 用来提问对方某动作或话语的意图 :(1) 句型：What do/does.mean.by.?What does.m

22、ean?What is the meaning of.?(2)Eg. What does the word“fast ” mean?What do you mean by the word“fast ”?Whats the meaning of“fast ”?(3) 注： by 后面加名词，代词或动名词。练习：1.What do you mean_ shaking your head?A. inB. byC. ofD. from2.Whats the _ of“OK”?A. meaningB. meanC. ideaD. view3.What does the sentence“No Smok

23、ing” mean?( 改为同义句 ).3)so+ 连系动词 be/ 助动词 / 情态动词 +主语意为 “.也是 .”(1) 肯定的倒装句 , 前后两个句子的主语指不同的人或物， 表示主语所做的动作与前面句子的动作一致。Peter is interested in English. So am I.(2) 否定的倒装句。Neither+ 连系动词 be/ 助动词 / 情态动词 +主语意为 “.也不 .”9-Peter can t speak English. Neither can I.(3)so+ 主语 +连系动词 be/ 助动词 / 情态动词意为 “.的确 / 确实 . ”表肯定的结构，用

24、于对前句的主语和动作进行重复强调。-He is good at English.-So he is.练习：1.He went abroad, so_ I.A.didB. doC. amD. does2.-it s burning hot today, isnt it?-Yes._ yesterday.A. So was itB. So it wasC. So it isD. So is it3.-I told you not to forget the homework.-_.A. So you didB. So I do notC. So did youD. So do I4.He does

25、nt like eating apple, _ do I.A .soB. butC. neitherD. nor4) 用来提问天气的句型：Whats the weather like？= How is the weather?回答： It is +表示天气状况的形容词。-What s the weather like?-Its sunny.练习：Whats the weather like?(改成同义句 )_.10三词类辨析：1. large, big与 great 的区别：(1)large侧重于面积，体积，容积和数量等，比较正式，不常用来指人。表示物时，可与 big 通用。Shanghai

26、is one of the largest cities in China.(2) big可以指范围，面积，体积，重量等。使用广泛，常用于口语。反义词为small.There is a big tree in front of the house.(3)great侧重形容抽象化的东西，常带有主观色彩，可以修饰人或物。指人时，意为“伟大的；杰出的 ”。China is a great country with a long history.练习：1.The coat doesn t fit me. Its too _ .A. largeB. bigC. hugeD. great2. He is

27、_ enough to go out without his parents.A. largeB. bigC. hugeD. great3.He is one of the _ poets today.A. largeB. bigC. hugeD. great2. compare.to 与 compare.with 的区别 :(1)compare.to把.比作 .(常表示异类相比，比喻 )We often compare the children to flowers.(2)compare.with.把.同.作比较（常表示同类相比，比较）He compared his camera with

28、mine.练习：11用 to 或 with 填空：1.We compare books_ friends.2. If your compare British football_ American football, youll findmany differences.3.Compared _ many women, she was really very lucky.3. voice, sound与 noise 的区别：(1)voice“ 嗓音，说话声 ”指口中发出的声音或人的噪音“I don t think so,” she said in a low voice.(2)sound“ 声

29、音，响声 ”指自然界的各种声音 ( 人和物 )All she could hear was the sound of the waves.(3)noise“ 噪音，响声 ”指不和谐的声音Try not to make so much noise.练习：用 voice, sound 和 noise 填空：1.At midnight he heard a strange _.2.Dont make any_.3. Light travels much faster than _.4.She said“no”in a low _.5. The girl has a beautiful _.4. 带有

30、 end 的短语区别：(1)at the end of“ 在.尽头 ”反义词： at the beginning of“ 在.开头 ”At the end of the road, you will find the restaurant.(2)by the end of“ 到.末为止 ”常用于一般将来时和过去完成时12By the end of last century, the population of our city had reached one million.(3)in the end“ 最后 ”常用于一般过去时in the end=at last= finallyIn the

31、 end, he decided to send the sick children to hospital.练习： in the end, at the end of, by the end of填空：1.There is a book store _ the street.2. Tom passed the exam_.3.There will be 500 students in our school _ 2015.5. spend, pay, take与 cost 区别：(1)spend主语是人花费对象为时间 / 金钱spend time/money doing sth.花费时间 /

32、金钱做某事spend time/money on sth.在某事 / 某物上花费时间 / 金钱spend time with sb.同某人一起度过时间My mother spent the whole morning doing housework.(2)pay主语是人花费对象为金钱pay money for sth.How much did you pay for this dictionary?(3)take主语是 it花费对象为时间it takes sb. some time to so sth.It took me half an hour to work home just now.

33、(4)cost主语是物cost sb. some moneyI didn t get it because it cost too much.练习：1.-Do you often get online?-Yes. I _ lots of time on it. Its a good way to kill time.13A .costB. spendC. takeD. use2.It _ me 15minutes to do to school by bike.A. costB. spendC. takesD. pay3.My brother spent five hours _ his ho

34、mework.A. doingB. to doC. didD.do4. The sweater_ my mother 100 yuan.A .costB. spentC. tookD. used5.How much did you _ the shoes?A. pay forB. costC. spendD. take6. a few, few, a little与 little的区别：意义功能修身可数名词复数修饰不可数名词否定（有些；有几个）a fewa little否定（几乎没有）fewlittleThere are a few eggs in the fridge, so I needn

35、t buy any at once.There are few eggs in the fridge, so I must buy some.I can only speak a little French.Theres little rice in the bowl.口诀： few, little有异同，可数或不可数要记清，其前有 “a” 表肯定，其前无 “a” 表否定。练习：用 a few, few, a little与 little填空：1.I like_ in my sugar.2.There are _ students eating lunch now.3.A_ people we

36、re waiting for the bus.144.You have to hurry to school. There is _ time left.5.He wanted to drink _ orange juice.7. arrive, get与 reach 的区别：(1)arrive不及物动词之后通常接介词in( 较大的地方 ) 或 at( 较小的地方 ) 。We arrived at the station five minute late.They will arrive in Paris next week.(2)get不及物动词之后通常接介词 to.When we got

37、to the park, it began to rain.(3)reach及物动词之后直接加地点作宾语。He reached Shanghai yesterday.(4) 注： arrive，get 不可直接加宾语，但是可以接here, there, home 等副词。练习：1.When he arrived_ the station, the train had left.A. atB. toC. inD./2.Last night he _ home at _ 12.A. got, behindB. got, around C. got to, behindD. arrived at,n

38、early3.Jim and Kate are_ their hometown tomorrow.A. getting toB. gettingC. arrivingD. reaching to4.He will arrive _ New York tomorrow.8. so 与 much的区别：(1)so副词修饰形容词和副词原级I am so happy to hear from you.15与 many, much, few或 little连用修饰名词。 So many people here! Its toocrowded.(2)such形容词such a/an+ 单数名词such a

39、 personsuch a/an+ 形容词 +单数名词such a kind girlsuch+不可数名词 / 复数名词such weather/mistakessuch+形容词 +不可数名词 / 名词复数such exciting newssuch tallbuildings练习：1. A： He left in _ a hurry that he forgot to lock the door.B： He left _ hurriedly that he forgot to lock the door.2. A ： There are _ many people in the street

40、 that we couldnt moveon.B： There are _ a lot of people in the street that we couldnt moveon .3.They made_ much noise that our teacher got very angry.4. Have you seen_ an interesting film?9. no one 与 none 的区别：(1)no one“ 没有人 ”指代人no one=nobody它做主语时谓语用第三人称单数，后面不接of 短语；常用于回答 who引导的疑问句-Who went to the net

41、 bay yesterday evening?-No one.(2)none“ 没有人，没有东西 ”16它做主语时谓语根据其后名词单复情况保持一致，后可接of 短语；常用于回答 how many/how much引导的疑问句。-How many students in your class are American?-None of them is/are.练习：1.-Who is in the classroom now?-_.A. No oneB. NoneC. NothingD. Neither2. -How many story books do you have?-_.A. No o

42、neB. NoneC. NothingD. Neither10. take place与 happen 的区别：(1)take place“ 发生，举行 ”指根据安排或计划的发生。The English party will take place on Friday evening.(2)happen“ 发生 ”指不可预见的，偶然事件的发生。An accident happened to him last week.练习：1.The Olympic Games of 2016 will_ in Brazil.A. take afterB. take offC. take placeD. tak

43、e away2. When will the wedding _?A. takes placeB. took placeC. taken placeD. happened3. We havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _toher?A. was happeningB. to happenC. has taken placeD. has happened1711. expensive与 high, cheap与 low.(1)expensive和 cheap 用来形容物品的价格贵贱。I cant afford i

44、t. Its too expensive.(2)high和 low 用来形容物品价格高低。The price of the apples is high now.口诀：物品分贵贱 (expensive/cheap)，价格有高低。 (high/low)练习：1.I think the sweater is too_. I dont have enough money to buy it.A. expensiveB. highC. cheapD. low2. It is said that the price of the books is_ now. Lets buy sometogether.

45、A. expensiveB. highC. cheapD. low四单词讲解：1.hard (adj.)“ 难的 ”Its hard to say when to start.“ 坚硬的 ”They played this game on the hard woodenfloor.(adv.)“ 努力地，大量地 ”You must study harder.2.during (介词 )“ 在.期间；在 .时候 ”多与一段时间搭配during ones life在某人的一生当中I will spend several days with my grandpa during the summer holiday.练习：Welcome to our hotel!